“21 天好习惯”第一期-4

今天跟着老师学习了BroadcastReceiver,来记录一下。

发送标准广播(采用静态注册,即手动在AndroidManifest.xml里写注册代码)

看一下我的项目结构

 

MainActivity代码如下

import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private final String NORMAL_ACTION = "com.example.broadcastreceiver.MyReceiver";

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Button btn = findViewById(R.id.btn);
        btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                //发送一条广播
                Intent intent = new Intent(NORMAL_ACTION);
                intent.putExtra("Msg", "Hi");
                intent.setComponent(new ComponentName("com.example.broadcastreceiver", "com.example.broadcastreceiver.MyReceiver"));
                sendBroadcast(intent); //发送的是标准广播

            }
        });
    }
}

 MainActivity布局文件activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:gravity="center">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn"
        android:text="发送标准广播"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>

</LinearLayout>

 MyReceiver代码如下

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.util.Log;

public class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
    public MyReceiver() {
    }

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        String msg = intent.getStringExtra("Msg");
        Log.e("TAG", msg);
    }
}

 AndroidManifest.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.broadcastreceiver">

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/Theme.MyApplication1">
        <activity
            android:name=".MainActivity"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>

        <!--注册广播接收器-->
        <receiver android:name=".MyReceiver">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="com.example.broadcastreceiver.MyReceiver" />
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>
    </application>

</manifest>

 运行结果(我发送了多条广播)

到此发送标准广播的代码粘贴完了,其中每行代码都很容易理解,我就不一一解释了(也没写多少行代码),但是我还是要特别讲一下MainActivity里得这行代码

intent.setComponent(new ComponentName("com.example.broadcastreceiver", "com.example.broadcastreceiver.MyReceiver"));

为什么要加这行代码呢?刚开始学时,没加这行代码,一运行发现,MyReceiver接收不到MainActivity发送的广播,于是我就上网查了一下https://developer.android.google.cn/about/versions/oreo/background

大概意思是android8.0及以上系统关于广播的规定:当targetSdkVersion >=26时,在AndroidManifest.xml里面注册的Receiver可能无法接收到广播消息,需要加上上面那行代码,该行代码第一个参数为包的路径,第二个参数为类名。至于这行代码是啥意思我就不太清楚了,如果想知道的可以去查看源码。

发送有序广播(还是采用静态注册)

看一下我的项目结构

 

MainActivity代码如下

import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private final String ORDER_ACTION = "com.example.broadcastreceiver2.MyReceiver";

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Button btn = findViewById(R.id.btn);
        btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Intent intent = new Intent(ORDER_ACTION);
                intent.putExtra("Msg", "奥力给");
                Log.i("MainActivity", "onClick: MainActivity发送的消息是:奥力给");
                intent.setPackage(getPackageName());
                //intent.setComponent(new ComponentName("com.example.broadcastreceiver2", "com.example.broadcastreceiver2.MyReceiver1"));
                //intent.setComponent(new ComponentName("com.example.broadcastreceiver2", "com.example.broadcastreceiver2.MyReceiver2"));
                //intent.setComponent(new ComponentName("com.example.broadcastreceiver2", "com.example.broadcastreceiver2.MyReceiver3"));
                sendOrderedBroadcast(intent, null);
                //发送有序广播调用的是 sendOrderedBroadcast(Intent , String) 方法,String 参数值在自定义权限时使用
            }
        });

    }
}

 MainActivity的布局文件activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:gravity="center">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn"
        android:text="发送有序广播"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>

</LinearLayout>

MyReceiver1代码如下

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;

public class MyReceiver1 extends BroadcastReceiver {
    private String TAG="Receiver1";

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        Log.e(TAG, "MyReceiver1被调用了");

        //取出Intent当中传递来的数据
        String msg = intent.getStringExtra("Msg");
        Log.e(TAG, "MyReceiver1接收到的值是: " + msg);

        //向下一优先级的Receiver传递数据
        Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
        bundle.putString("Data", "fating");
        Log.i(TAG, "MyReceiver1发送的消息是:fating");
        setResultExtras(bundle);
    }
}

MyReceiver2代码如下

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;

public class MyReceiver2 extends BroadcastReceiver {
    private String TAG="Receiver2";

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        Log.e(TAG, "MyReceiver2被调用了");

        //取出上一优先级的Receiver传递来的数据
        String data = getResultExtras(true).getString("Data");
        Log.e(TAG, "MyReceiver2接收到的值是: " + data);

        //向下一优先级的Receiver传递数据
        Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
        bundle.putString("Data", "加油");
        Log.i(TAG, "MyReceiver2发送的消息是:加油");
        setResultExtras(bundle);
    }
}

MyReceiver3代码如下

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.util.Log;

public class MyReceiver3 extends BroadcastReceiver {
    private String TAG="Receiver3";

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        Log.e(TAG, "MyReceiver3被调用了");

        //取出上一优先级的Receiver传递来的数据
        String data = getResultExtras(true).getString("Data");
        Log.e(TAG, "MyReceiver3接收到的值是: " + data);
    }
}

 AndroidManifest.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.broadcastreceiver2">

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/Theme.MyApplication1">
        <activity
            android:name=".MainActivity"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>

        <!--注册广播接收器-->
        <receiver android:name=".MyReceiver1">
            <intent-filter android:priority="1000">
                <action android:name="com.example.broadcastreceiver2.MyReceiver" />
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>

        <receiver android:name=".MyReceiver2">
            <intent-filter android:priority="900">
                <action android:name="com.example.broadcastreceiver2.MyReceiver" />
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>

        <receiver android:name=".MyReceiver3">
            <intent-filter android:priority="800">
                <action android:name="com.example.broadcastreceiver2.MyReceiver" />
            </intent-filter>
        </receiver>
    </application>

</manifest>

运行结果

 到此发送有序广播的代码就粘贴完了,如果第一个发送标准广播的你看懂了,发送有序广播的你也一定能看懂,这里遇到的问题是,我发现再在MainActivity里加这行代码是没用的(不用我讲也知道)

intent.setComponent(new ComponentName("com.example.broadcastreceiver", "com.example.broadcastreceiver.MyReceiver"));

因为该行代码的第二个参数为类名,我这里有三个接收广播的类,所以就难搞了,于是我又去上网查找大佬们的博客(不懂就上网查),查了许久,发现在MainActivity里加这行代码可行

intent.setPackage(getPackageName());

这行代码意思就是指定广播接收者的包名,即发送显式广播

动态注册(其实就是用Java代码注册,这里在 Service 中注册广播和接收广播)

看一下我的项目结构

 

MainActivity代码如下

import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    public final static String ACTION = "com.example.broadcastreceiver3";

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        Button btn_startservice = findViewById(R.id.btn_startservice);
        Button btn_sendbroadcast = findViewById(R.id.btn_sendbroadcast);
        Button btn_stopservice = findViewById(R.id.btn_stopservice);

        btn_startservice.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, BroadcastService.class);
                startService(intent);
            }
        });

        btn_sendbroadcast.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Intent intent = new Intent(ACTION);
                sendBroadcast(intent);
            }
        });

        btn_stopservice.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, BroadcastService.class);
                stopService(intent);
            }
        });
    }
}

 MainActivity的布局文件activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:gravity="center">


    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_startservice"
        android:layout_width="290dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="开启服务" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_sendbroadcast"
        android:layout_width="290dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="发送广播"
        android:layout_marginTop="10dp"/>

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_stopservice"
        android:layout_width="290dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="停止服务"
        android:layout_marginTop="10dp"/>
</LinearLayout>

 BroadcastService代码如下

package com.example.broadcastreceiver3;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;

public class BroadcastService extends Service {

    private BroadcastReceiver receiver;

    private final String TAG = "BroadcastService";

    public BroadcastService() {
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
        intentFilter.addAction(MainActivity.ACTION);
        receiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
            @Override
            public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
                Log.e(TAG, "BroadcastService接收到了广播");
            }
        };
        registerReceiver(receiver, intentFilter);
        Log.e(TAG, "BroadcastService注册了接收器");
        super.onCreate();
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        unregisterReceiver(receiver);
        Log.e(TAG, "BroadcastService取消注册接收器");
    }

    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return null;
    }

}

AndroidManifest.xml(这里只需要注册Service,不需要注册Receiver)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.broadcastreceiver3">

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/Theme.MyApplication1">
        <activity
            android:name=".MainActivity"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        <service android:name=".BroadcastService"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true">

        </service>

    </application>

</manifest>

 运行结果

Context.registerReceiver() 方法是注册接收器

Context.unregisterReceiver() 方法是取消注册

到此对BroadcastReceiver的介绍就结束了,介绍的都很浅,还得继续努力。

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