Python学习笔记

1.python不支持n++这种写法。

2.python print 默认换行 end=""可以去取消换行

循环 For Loops

for item in "Python":
    print(item)
for item in ["23", "24", "WHI"]:
    print(item)
for item in range(10):  # 输出0~9
    print(item)
for item in range(5, 10):  # 输出5~9
    print(item)
for item in range(5, 10, 2):  # 输出5，7，9
    print(item)

prices = [10, 20, 30]

for price in prices:
    print(price)

嵌套循环 Nested Loops

问题：如何输出一个F？(使用嵌套循环)

'''
x = [5, 2, 5, 2, 2]
for item in x:
    print('x' * item)
'''
x = [5, 2, 5, 2, 2]
for item in x:
    output = ''
    for count in range(item):
        output += 'x'
    print(output)

列表(Lists)

nums = [1, 4, 5, 2, 6, 10]
max_num = int(nums[0])
for item in nums:
    if int(item) > max_num:
        max_num = int(item)
print(max_num)

2D 列表(2D Lists)

matrix = [           # 矩阵
    [1, 2, 3],
    [4, 5, 6],
    [7, 8, 9]
]
print(matrix[1][1])  # 5
for row in matrix:
    for item in row:
        print(f'{item} ', end="")
    print()

列表方法 List Methods

numbers = [5, 2, 1, 7, 4]
# 1.append() 列表尾部添加函数
numbers.append(8)       # [5, 2, 1, 7, 4, 8]
print(numbers)
# 2.insert(index,value) 添加
numbers.insert(0, 10)   # [10, 5, 2, 1, 7, 4, 8]
print(numbers)
# 3.remove(index) 删除某数
numbers.remove(2)       # [10, 5, 1, 7, 4, 8]
print(numbers)
# 4.pop() 删除尾部一个数
numbers.pop()           # [10, 5, 1, 7, 4]
print(numbers)
# 5.index(x) 获取某个数的索引 如果不存在会报错
print((numbers.index(7)))  # 3
# 6.xx in xx 返回一个布尔值 表示其是否在列表里
print(10 in numbers)     # True
# 7.count() 判断列表中中某个值的数量
print(numbers.count(10))  # 1
# 8.sort() 排序
numbers.sort()
print(numbers)  # [1, 4, 5, 7, 10]
# 9.copy()
numbers2 = numbers.copy()
print(numbers2)  # [1, 4, 5, 7, 10]

numbers2.append(1)
numbers2.append(4)
print(numbers2)	  # [1, 4, 5, 7, 10, 1, 4]
numbers3 = []
# 练习 删除列表numbers2中重复的数字
'''
for item in numbers2:
    flag = False
    if (item in numbers3) == False:
        numbers3.append(item)
print(numbers3)
'''
for item in numbers2:
    flag = False
    if item not in numbers3:
        numbers3.append(item)
print(numbers3)    # [1, 4, 5, 7, 10]

元组 Tuple

# Tuple 元组() 不可改变元素 列表[]
numbers =(1, 2, 3)
# numbers[0] = 10 这是错误的！ 如果你想要创建一个项目列表 确保每个元素都不可以 可以使用元组
print(numbers)   # (1, 2, 3)

Unpack

coordinates = [1, 2, 3]
coordinates2 = (1, 2, 3)
x, y, z = coordinates     # 将列表中的1，2，3分别赋值给x,y,z
a, b, c = coordinates2    # 将元组中的1，2，3分别赋值给a,b,c
print(x)   # 1