写作目的：
上次，我分析了一个ATM 的项目，为了夯实项目基础，写了一个简单的考试系统项目，话不多说，我们开始品。
我把源码放在网盘里，有需要的小伙伴可以自行下载
链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1OL3amIvZkztSkpb5gUcVNA
提取码：3b2t
整体脉络:
开始分析：
EXAM.h
//
// Created by asus on 2020/5/16.
//
#ifndef EXAM_EXAM_H
#define EXAM_EXAM_H
#include "Student.h"
#include "Question.h"
#include "Screen.h"
#include "Keyboard.h"
#include "File.h"
#include "Test_description.h"
#include <string>
#include <fstream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <ctime>
#include "QuestionDatabase.h"
#include "StudentsDatabase.h"
using namespace std;
class EXAM
{
public:
EXAM();
void run(); //run
void Time(double); //the plateform of Time.
bool state(); //state ,initialization is true.
void operation(); //begin run.
void logical_order();
void random_student();
void random_question();
private:
Screen screen;
Keyboard keyboard;
File file;
Test_description testDescription;
StudentsDatabase studentsdatabase;
QuestionDatabase questionsdatabase;
bool istest;
};
#endif //EXAM_EXAM_H
看着很复杂，其实明白了他们的具体用法，一点也不负载，并且很简单(｡◕ˇ∀ˇ◕)
EXAM.cpp
//
// Created by asus on 2020/5/16.
//
#include "EXAM.h"
static int a[5];//credit the random of student
static int b[15];//credit the random of question number
enum Menuoption {STUDENT = 1,EXIT };
EXAM::EXAM():istest(true) {}
bool EXAM::state()
{
return istest;
}
void EXAM :: run()
{
srand((int)time(0));
while(true) //permanence
{
operation(); //begin
}
}
void EXAM::operation()
{
bool Exit = false;
while (!Exit)
{
testDescription.description();
int K;
K = testDescription.platform();
switch (K)
{
case STUDENT:
logical_order();
break;
case EXIT:
screen.printline("Existing the system...");
screen.printline("Thanks you, good bye!");
screen.printline("");
Exit = true;
break;
default:
screen.printline("Invalid option. Try Again!");
screen.printline("");
}
}
}
void EXAM::logical_order()
{
random_student();
random_question();
int n = 0; //the limit of question
int q = 0; //question number 15 (all)
double start; //time end
double end; //time begin
double time_; //credit time
string Y_N = "";
string _Y_N = "";
while (n<5)
{
int m = 0; //the limit of question 3 (personal)
screen.printline("");
Student *student_ ;
student_ = new Student(0,"0")
student_ = studentsdatabase.getStudent(a[n]);
student_->diplay_();
file.file("Id: ");
file.file(student_->get_id());
file.file(" Name: ");
file.file(student_->get_name());
file.file();
file.file("Question: ");
file.file("");
//begin exam
screen.printline("press keyboard and Enter to take the test,and Timing start.");
Y_N = keyboard.inputs();
start = time(NULL);
while (m<3)
{
Question *question_;
question_ = new Question(1,"1");
question_ = questionsdatabase.getquestion(b[q++]);
question_->display();
m++;
screen.printline("Next question to press keyboard:");
_Y_N = keyboard.inputs();
while (m == 3)
{
screen.printline("Three questions have been reached, and the system will automatically select the next person for you ");
screen.printline("");
break;
}
}
end = time(NULL);
time_ = end - start;
//the circumstance of students
screen.printline("Answers situation");
tudent_[n++].diplay_();
screen.printline("Complete question :");
for(int i = q - 3;i < q;i++)
{
cout<<b[i]<<" ";
file.file(b[i]);
file.file(" ");
}
file.file();
screen.printline("");
Time(time_);
screen.printline("");
}
screen.printline("End of exam");
screen.printline("");
}
void EXAM::random_student()
{
vector <int> temp;
for(int i = 20201;i<=20205;i++)
{
temp.push_back(i);
}
random_shuffle(temp.begin(), temp.end());//random id
//credit id to array;
for(int i=0; i<temp.size();i++)
{
a[i] = temp[i];
}
}
void EXAM::random_question()
{
vector <int> temp1;
for(int i = 1;i<=15;i++)
{
temp1.push_back(i);
}
random_shuffle(temp1.begin(), temp1.end());//random question
//credit question to array
for(int i=0; i<temp1.size();i++)
{
b[i] = temp1[i];
}
}
void EXAM:: Time (double a)
{
if (a < 60)
{
if (a<10)
{
cout<<"Total time: 00:0"<<a<<endl;
file.file("Total time: 00:0");
file.file(a);
file.file();
file.file();
}
else
{
cout<<"Total time: 00:"<<a<<endl;
file.file("Total time: 00:");
file.file(a);
file.file();
file.file();
}
}
else if (a < 60 * 60)
{
int b ;
b = int(a/60);
int c;
c = a - b * 60;
cout<<"Total time: "<<b<<":";
file.file("Total time: ");
if (c == 0)
{
cout<<"00"<<endl;
file.file("00");
file.file();
file.file();
}
}
}
我们先看run()方法，我们srand((int)time(0));我们先不管，车需一直处在运行中，所以一切都由while(true) 护着，我们继续看operation()
void EXAM::operation()
{
bool Exit = false;
while (!Exit)
{
testDescription.description();
int K;
K = testDescription.platform();
switch (K)
{
case STUDENT:
logical_order();
break;
case EXIT:
screen.printline("Existing the system...");
screen.printline("Thanks you, good bye!");
screen.printline("");
Exit = true;
break;
default:
screen.printline("Invalid option. Try Again!");
screen.printline("");
}
}
}
考试系统可以考试，也可以退出考试，默认可以考试，bool Exit = false;，testDescription.description();这句话是考试须知，不信您看，（这行代码，在Test_description中，所以我把它调出来，方便观看）
//
// Created by asus on 2020/5/17.
//
#include "Test_description.h"
void Test_description::description()
{
screen.printline("**Welcome to Tianjin Polytechnic**");
screen.printline("Examination room rules");
screen.printline("Welcome to take this exam.");
screen.printline("The order of answer and qusetion is random.");
screen.printline("Up to 3 questions per person.");
screen.printline("******************************");
}
int Test_description::platform()
{
screen.printline("Press (1) to start random roll call, press (2) to exit.");
return keyboard.inputi();
}
//
// Created by asus on 2020/5/17.
//
#ifndef EXAM_TEST_DESCRIPTION_H
#define EXAM_TEST_DESCRIPTION_H
#include "Screen.h"
#include "Keyboard.h"
class Test_description {
public:
void description(); //the explaintion of exam
int platform(); //platform
private:
Screen screen;
Keyboard keyboard;
};
#endif //EXAM_TEST_DESCRIPTION_H
这里出现了，screen和keyboard。我们一同引出来，（这里面没有太多操作，所以就把零零碎碎的分析掉）
screen.h
//
// Created by asus on 2020/5/16.
//
#ifndef EXAM_SCREEN_H
#define EXAM_SCREEN_H
#include <vector>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class Screen
{
public:
void print(string);
void printline(string);
};
#endif //EXAM_SCREEN_H
screen.cpp
//
// Created by asus on 2020/5/16.
//
#include "Screen.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void Screen::print(string message)
{
cout<<message;
}
void Screen::printline(string message)
{
cout<<message<<endl;
}
Keyboard.h
//
// Created by asus on 2020/5/17.
//
#ifndef EXAM_KEYBOARD_H
#define EXAM_KEYBOARD_H
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
//template <class T>
class Keyboard
{
public:
int inputi();
string inputs();
// template <typename T1>
// T1 input()
// {
// T1 x;
// cin>>x;
// return x;
// } //在c++17 可以使用
};
#endif //EXAM_KEYBOARD_H
Keyboard.cpp
//
// Created by asus on 2020/5/17.
//
#include "Keyboard.h"
int Keyboard:: inputi()
{
int x;
cin>>x;
return x;
}
string Keyboard:: inputs()
{
string x;
cin>>x;
return x;
}
有了前面的四段代码，我们对testDescription.description();一目了然，
int K;
K = testDescription.platform();
switch (K)
{
case STUDENT:
logical_order();
break;
case EXIT:
screen.printline("Existing the system...");
screen.printline("Thanks you, good bye!");
screen.printline("");
Exit = true;
break;
default:
screen.printline("Invalid option. Try Again!");
screen.printline("");
}
这几行，大概意思是，屏幕上提示你，然后根据自己的意愿，完成对应操作，其中switch配合着enum Menuoption {STUDENT = 1,EXIT };
这里面值得疑惑的就是logical_order();让我们带着期待的目光来一探究竟！
void EXAM::logical_order()
{
random_student();
random_question();
int n = 0; //the limit of question
int q = 0; //question number 15 (all)
double start; //time end
double end; //time begin
double time_; //credit time
string Y_N = "";
string _Y_N = "";
while (n<5)
{
int m = 0; //the limit of question 3 (personal)
screen.printline("");
Student *student_ ;
student_ = new Student(1,"a");
student_ = studentsdatabase.getStudent(a[n]);
student_->diplay_();
file.file("Id: ");
file.file(student_->get_id());
file.file(" Name: ");
file.file(student_->get_name());
file.file();
file.file("Question: ");
file.file("");
//begin exam
screen.printline("press keyboard and Enter to take the test,and Timing start.");
Y_N = keyboard.inputs();
start = time(NULL);
while (m<3)
{
Question *question_;
question_ = new Question(1,"1");
question_ = questionsdatabase.getquestion(b[q++]);
question_->display();
m++;
screen.printline("Next question to press keyboard:");
_Y_N = keyboard.inputs();
while (m == 3)
{
screen.printline("Three questions have been reached, and the system will automatically select the next person for you ");
screen.printline("");
break;
}
}
end = time(NULL);
time_ = end - start;
//the circumstance of students
screen.printline("Answers situation");
// student_[c].diplay();
student_[n++].diplay_();
screen.printline("Complete question :");
for(int i = q - 3;i < q;i++)
{
cout<<b[i]<<" ";
file.file(b[i]);
file.file(" ");
}
file.file();
screen.printline("");
Time(time_);
screen.printline("");
// delete(student_);
}
screen.printline("End of exam");
screen.printline("");
}
前两句random_student();random_question();这两句有着同样的功能，先看第一句
void EXAM::random_student()
{
vector <int> temp;
for(int i = 20201;i<=20205;i++)
{
temp.push_back(i);
}
random_shuffle(temp.begin(), temp.end());//random id
//credit id to array;
for(int i=0; i<temp.size();i++)
{
a[i] = temp[i];
}
}
```cpp
void EXAM::random_question()
{
vector <int> temp1;
for(int i = 1;i<=15;i++)
{
temp1.push_back(i);
}
random_shuffle(temp1.begin(), temp1.end());//random question
//credit question to array
for(int i=0; i<temp1.size();i++)
{
b[i] = temp1[i];
}
}
这里实现的原理和random_student是一样的。我们继续向下走
int n = 0; //the limit of question
int q = 0; //question number 15 (all)
double start; //time end
double end; //time begin
double time_; //credit time
string Y_N = "";
string _Y_N = "";
这里定义的变量都是为后面服务的，大概意思我们从注释就可以看出。
while (n<5)
{
int m = 0; //the limit of question 3 (personal)
screen.printline("");
Student *student_ ;
student_ = studentsdatabase.getStudent(a[n]);
file.file("Id: ");
file.file(student_->get_id());
file.file(" Name: ");
file.file(student_->get_name());
file.file();
file.file("Question: ");
file.file("");
student_->diplay_();
//begin exam
screen.printline("press keyboard and Enter to take the test,and Timing start.");
Y_N = keyboard.inputs();
start = time(NULL);
while (m<3)
{
Question *question_;
question_ = questionsdatabase.getquestion(b[q++]);
question_->display();
m++;
screen.printline("Next question to press keyboard:");
_Y_N = keyboard.inputs();
while (m == 3)
{
screen.printline("Three questions have been reached, and the system will automatically select the next person for you ");
screen.printline("");
break;
}
}
end = time(NULL);
time_ = end - start;
//the circumstance of students
screen.printline("Answers situation");
student_[n++].diplay();
screen.printline("Complete question :");
for(int i = q - 3;i < q;i++)
{
cout<<b[i]<<" ";
file.file(b[i]);
file.file(" ");
}
file.file();
screen.printline("");
Time(time_);
screen.printline("");
}
screen.printline("End of exam");
screen.printline("");
首先一共有5个人，所以while (n<5)，然后int m = 0; //the limit of question 3 (personal)，
然后我们看
Student *student_ ;
student_ = studentsdatabase.getStudent(a[n]);
student_->diplay_();
这里出现了学生数据库，我们把它调出来，分析一下
//
// Created by asus on 2020/5/20.
//
#ifndef EXAM_STUDENTSDATABASE_H
#define EXAM_STUDENTSDATABASE_H
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "Student.h"
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
class StudentsDatabase {
public:
StudentsDatabase();
Student* getStudent(int);
private:
vector<Student> students; //the content of student
};
#endif //EXAM_STUDENTSDATABASE_H
//
// Created by asus on 2020/5/20.
//
#include "StudentsDatabase.h"
StudentsDatabase::StudentsDatabase()
{
Student student1(20201,"Zhao**");
Student student2(20202,"Qian**");
Student student3(20203,"Sun**");
Student student4(20204,"Li**");
Student student5(20205,"Zhou**");
students.push_back(student1);
students.push_back(student2);
students.push_back(student3);
students.push_back(student4);
students.push_back(student5);
}
Student* StudentsDatabase::getStudent(int _id)
{
for (size_t index = 0; index < students.size(); ++index) {
if (students[index].get_id() == _id)
return &students[index];
}
return NULL;
}
在其构造函数存放着学生的基本信息（学号和姓名）,里面用到了容器操作，我们再来看
Student* StudentsDatabase::getStudent(int _id)
{
for (size_t index = 0; index < students.size(); ++index) {
if (students[index].get_id() == _id)
return &students[index];
}
return NULL;
}
首先将所传入的id进行遍历，匹配出所对应处的id学生对象，将其返回出去。student_->diplay_();将其打印。既然出现学生类，此处将其引出
//
// Created by asus on 2020/5/19.
//
#ifndef EXAM_STUDENT_H
#define EXAM_STUDENT_H
#include <string>
#include "File.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Student {
public:
Student(int,string);
int get_id();
void diplay_();
private:
int id;
string name;
File file;
};
//
// Created by asus on 2020/5/19.
//
#include "Student.h"
Student::Student(int _id = 0, string _name = ""):id(_id),name(_name){}
int Student::get_id()
{
return this->id;
}
void Student::diplay_()
{
cout<<"id : "<<this->id<<","<<"name : "<<this->name<<endl;
}
里面存在File类的操作，我们把它引出
//
// Created by asus on 2020/5/22.
//
#ifndef EXAM_FILE_H
#define EXAM_FILE_H
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class File {
public:
void file(string);
void file(int);
void file();
void file_();//文件是否打开
};
#endif //EXAM_FILE_H
//
// Created by asus on 2020/5/22.
//
#include "File.h"
void File::file_()
{
ofstream ofs;
if(!ofs){
cout<<"Error open"<<endl;
exit(-1);
}
if(!ofs){
cout<<"Error open"<<endl;
exit(-1);
}
}
void File::file(string a)
{
ofstream ofs;
file_();
ofs.open("EXAM.txt",ios::app);
ofs<<a;
}
void File::file(int b)
{
ofstream ofs;
file_();
ofs.open("EXAM.txt",ios::app);
ofs<<b;
}
void File::file()
{
ofstream ofs;
file_();
ofs.open("EXAM.txt",ios::app);
ofs<<endl;
}
在学生类中，有返回id的方法，和display，display_的方法。为什么要分两个display，因为在文件操作中，利用了函数的重载，可以将字符串和变量的值分别传入，并且在屏幕上打印两次，学生信息（开始考试的时候和总结的时候）。
Y_N = keyboard.inputs();
这行代码就是停顿一下，并且开始计时，start = time(NULL);
time（）返回的是从公元1970年1月1日开始到现在的时间。
下面的m<3就是每个人最多三道题，三道题之后自动退出，
Question *question_;
question_ = questionsdatabase.getquestion(b[q++]);
这两行代码 和前面的学生和学生库的代码，原理完全一样。
_Y_N = keyboard.inputs();
这句话也是起到停顿作用，根据提示进入下一题，
while (m == 3)
{
screen.printline("Three questions have been reached, and the system will automatically select the next person for you ");
screen.printline("");
break;
}
当m = 3 就是答完题了。之后
end = time(NULL);
time_ = end - start;
在经过
void EXAM:: Time (double a)
{
if (a < 60)
{
if (a<10)
{
cout<<"Total time: 00:0"<<a<<endl;
file.file("Total time: 00:0");
file.file(a);
file.file();
file.file();
}
else
{
cout<<"Total time: 00:"<<a<<endl;
file.file("Total time: 00:");
file.file(a);
file.file();
file.file();
}
}
else if (a < 60 * 60)
{
int b ;
b = int(a/60);
int c;
c = a - b * 60;
cout<<"Total time: "<<b<<":";
file.file("Total time: ");
if (c == 0)
{
cout<<"00"<<endl;
file.file("00");
file.file();
file.file();
}
}
}
将具体所用时间，打印并且存放在文件中，
screen.printline("Answers situation");
student_[n++].diplay();
screen.printline("Complete question :");
for(int i = q - 3;i < q;i++)
{
cout<<b[i]<<" ";
file.file(b[i]);
file.file(" ");
}
file.file();
screen.printline("");
Time(time_);
screen.printline("");
}
screen.printline("End of exam");
screen.printline("");
上面的操作，将题号和时间存放在文件中并且在文件中打印。之后这个项目就完成了。
如果有一些需要改进的，或是需要改进的，欢迎到评论区留言。(◕ᴗ◕✿)
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