PHP大道至简之扩展开发

最新推荐文章于 2021-03-11 08:45:30 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2021-03-11 08:45:30 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_45722923/article/details/103770577

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目录大纲

PHP-X
PHP-CPP

PHP-X

PHP-X是用来开发PHP扩展的库。

安装

1.依赖

# PHP-X本身基于C++11开发，使用cmake进行编译配置。首先，你需要确定所有依赖项已安装好
gcc-4.8 或更高版本
php-7.0 或更高版本，需要php7-dev包
cmake-2.8 或更高版本

2.安装PHP-X

git clone https://github.com/swoole/PHP-X.git
cd PHP-X
cmake .
make -j 4
sudo make install

新建工程

使用任意开发工具，新建一个test.cc源文件。首先需要引入phpx.h头文件。然后使用using引入phpx的命名空间。PHP官方未使用C++，因此phpx直接使用了php作为命名空间。

现成案例

cd example/cpp_test
make install
#创建按 cpp_test.ini
vi cpp_test.ini
###
extension=cpp_ext.so

手动编写扩展文件

vi mingz_ext.cc

#include <phpx.h>
using namespace std;
using namespace php;

//声明函数
PHPX_FUNCTION(cpp_test);

PHPX_EXTENSION()
{
    Extension *ext = new Extension("test", "0.0.1");
    ext->registerFunction(PHPX_FN(cpp_test));
    return ext;
}

//实现函数
PHPX_FUNCTION(cpp_test)
{
    //args[1] 就是这个扩展函数的第 2 个参数
    long n = args[1].toInt();
    
    //将返回值 retval 初始化为数组
    Array _array(retval);
    
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        //args[0] 就是这个扩展函数的第 1 个参数
        //append 方法表示向数组中追加元素
        _array.append(args[0]);
    }
}

编写一个Makefile文件

PHP_INCLUDE = `php-config --includes`
PHP_LIBS = `php-config --libs`
PHP_LDFLAGS = `php-config --ldflags`
PHP_INCLUDE_DIR = `php-config --include-dir`
PHP_EXTENSION_DIR = `php-config --extension-dir`

ming_ext.so: ming_ext.cc
    c++ -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -g -o ming_ext.so -O0 -fPIC -shared ming_ext.cc -std=c++11 ${PHP_INCLUDE} -I${PHP_INCLUDE_DIR} -lphpx
    
install: ming_ext.so
    cp ming_ext.so ${PHP_EXTENSION_DIR}/
clean:
    rm *.so

** 执行make install ***

加载扩展

1 编写ming_ext.ini

extension=cpp_ext.so

2 复制到 /etc/php.d/

cp ming_ext.ini /etc/php.d/

查看扩展

php -m |grep 'ming_test'

执行

1 编写一个test.php，内容为：

var_dump(ming_test("hello", 3));

2 php 执行文件

php test.php

PHP-CPP

PHP-CPP是一个用于开发PHP扩展的C++库。PHP-CPP提供了一系列完善的文档、易于使用和扩展的类，让你可以相对快速的创建PHP的原生扩展。

环境准备

#GCC版本不能太低，因为需要支持c++11特性。我使用的版本：
gcc version 7.2.0

安装PHP-CPP

PHP-CPP区分PHP5和7系列，但是对外提供的API是一样的

git clone https://github.com/CopernicaMarketingSoftware/PHP-CPP.git
make
sudo make install

Hello World

vi main.cpp

代码如下

#include <phpcpp.h>
#include <iostream>

//这是PHP里面可以调用的接口函数
void say_hello()
{
    //输出一段欢迎文字
    Php::out << "hello world from my first extension" << std::endl;
}

/**
 *  告诉编译器get_module是个纯C函数
 */
extern "C" {
    
    /**
     *  本函数在PHP进程一打开就会被访问，并返回一个描述扩展信息的PHP结构指针
     */
    PHPCPP_EXPORT void *get_module() 
    {
        // 必须是static类型，因为扩展对象需要在PHP进程内常驻内存
        static Php::Extension extension("helloworld", "1.0.0");
        
        //这里可以添加你要暴露给PHP调用的函数
        extension.add<say_hello>("say_hello");
        
        // 返回扩展对象指针
        return extension;
    }
}

PHP-CPP库定义了一个PHPCPP_EXPORT宏，它应该放在get_module()函数的前面。此宏确保get_module()函数是公共导出的，因此可由PHP调用。宏具有基于编译器和操作系统的不同实现。

编译

 make
 sudo make install

编译完成会在源码目录下看到 helloworld.so 这个扩展文件。

创建 helloword.ini

vi helloword.ini

代码如下

extension = helloworld.so

查看扩展

php -m | grep helloworld

测试

vi test.php

代码如下

say_hello();

编写 Makefile文件

#
#	Makefile template
#
#	This is an example Makefile that can be used by anyone who is building
#	his or her own PHP extensions using the PHP-CPP library. 
#
#	In the top part of this file we have included variables that can be
#	altered to fit your configuration, near the bottom the instructions and
#	dependencies for the compiler are defined. The deeper you get into this
#	file, the less likely it is that you will have to change anything in it.
#

#
#	Name of your extension
#
#	This is the name of your extension. Based on this extension name, the
#	name of the library file (name.so) and the name of the config file (name.ini)
#	are automatically generated
#

NAME				=	helloworld


#
#	Php.ini directories
#
#	In the past, PHP used a single php.ini configuration file. Today, most
#	PHP installations use a conf.d directory that holds a set of config files,
#	one for each extension. Use this variable to specify this directory.
#

INI_DIR				=	/usr/local/php56/etc/php.d/


#
#	The extension dirs
#
#	This is normally a directory like /usr/lib/php5/20121221 (based on the 
#	PHP version that you use. We make use of the command line 'php-config' 
#	instruction to find out what the extension directory is, you can override
#	this with a different fixed directory
#

EXTENSION_DIR		=	$(shell php-config --extension-dir)


#
#	The name of the extension and the name of the .ini file
#
#	These two variables are based on the name of the extension. We simply add
#	a certain extension to them (.so or .ini)
#

EXTENSION 			=	${NAME}.so
INI 				=	${NAME}.ini


#
#	Compiler
#
#	By default, the GNU C++ compiler is used. If you want to use a different
#	compiler, you can change that here. You can change this for both the 
#	compiler (the program that turns the c++ files into object files) and for
#	the linker (the program that links all object files into the single .so
#	library file. By default, g++ (the GNU C++ compiler) is used for both.
#

COMPILER			=	g++
LINKER				=	g++


#
#	Compiler and linker flags
#
#	This variable holds the flags that are passed to the compiler. By default, 
# 	we include the -O2 flag. This flag tells the compiler to optimize the code, 
#	but it makes debugging more difficult. So if you're debugging your application, 
#	you probably want to remove this -O2 flag. At the same time, you can then 
#	add the -g flag to instruct the compiler to include debug information in
#	the library (but this will make the final libphpcpp.so file much bigger, so
#	you want to leave that flag out on production servers).
#
#	If your extension depends on other libraries (and it does at least depend on
#	one: the PHP-CPP library), you should update the LINKER_DEPENDENCIES variable
#	with a list of all flags that should be passed to the linker.
#

COMPILER_FLAGS		=	-Wall -c -O2 -std=c++11 -fpic -o
LINKER_FLAGS		=	-shared
LINKER_DEPENDENCIES	=	-lphpcpp 


#
#	Command to remove files, copy files and create directories.
#
#	I've never encountered a *nix environment in which these commands do not work. 
#	So you can probably leave this as it is
#

RM					=	rm -f
CP					=	cp -f
MKDIR				=	mkdir -p


#
#	All source files are simply all *.cpp files found in the current directory
#
#	A builtin Makefile macro is used to scan the current directory and find 
#	all source files. The object files are all compiled versions of the source
#	file, with the .cpp extension being replaced by .o.
#

SOURCES				=	$(wildcard *.cpp)
OBJECTS				=	$(SOURCES:%.cpp=%.o)


#
#	From here the build instructions start
#

all:					${OBJECTS} ${EXTENSION}

${EXTENSION}:			${OBJECTS}
						${LINKER} ${LINKER_FLAGS} -o $@ ${OBJECTS} ${LINKER_DEPENDENCIES}

${OBJECTS}:
						${COMPILER} ${COMPILER_FLAGS} $@ ${@:%.o=%.cpp}

install:		
						${CP} ${EXTENSION} ${EXTENSION_DIR}
						${CP} ${INI} ${INI_DIR}
				
clean:
						${RM} ${EXTENSION} ${OBJECTS}