Spring-IOC源码浅析 一
核心容器
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BeanFactor:
Spring Bean的创建是一系列的Bean工厂,IOC容器为开发者管理容器之间的依赖关系提供了很多便利和基础服务,在Spring中有很多IOC容器的实现提供给用户选择和使用。其中BeanFactory作为最顶层的接口,定义了IOC的基本功能规范,其中有三个重要的子类,ListableBeanFactory、HierarchicalBeanFactory、AutowireCapableBeanFactory。但是他们的最终的默认实现类都是DefaultListableBeanFactory,实现类实现了所有的接口。如图:
那为何要定义这么多层的接口呢?
每个接口都有其适用的范围
主要是为了区分在Spring内部操作的过程中,在对象传递和转化的过程,对对象的数据访问做限制。
例如:
ListableBeanFactory:这些Bean是可列表化的 ;
HierarchicalBeanFactory:这些Bean有继承关系;AutowireCapableBeanFactory:这定义Bean的自动装配规则;
这三个接口共同定义了Bean的集合、Bean之间的关系以及Bean的行为;
BeanFactory只对IOC容器的的基本行为做了定义。根本不担心Bean是如何定义和加载的。
那IOC容器是如何实现的呢?请看ApplicationContext -
ApplicationContext:Spring提供了很多IOC容器的实现,比如ClasspathXmlApplicationContext,ApplicationContext是Spring提供的一个高级的IOC容器,除了提供了IOC容器基本功能外,还为用户提供了以下附加服务;
支持信息源,可以国际化;
访问资源;
支持应用事件
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BeanDefinition:SpringIOC管理了我们定义的Bean对象以及他们之间的关系,Bean对象在Spring中是以BeanDefinition来描述的
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BeanDefinitionReader:Bean的解析过程很复杂,功能被分的很细,因为这里被扩展的地方很多,必须保证有足够的灵活性,以应对可能的变化。Bean的解析主要就是对Spring配置文件的解析
注:
接口:只提供规范
抽象类:提供公共的实现或者规范
关于抽象类:不一定有抽象方法,不可以实例化,可以有抽象方法、非抽象方法、抽象访问器,不能有抽象的构造函数、抽象的静态方法。
Web IOC容器初始化
根据UML类图,从DIspatcherServlet 中开始,按照以往的经验我猜测该类中会有init()方法,但是实际上并没有找到,但是在其超类HttpServletBean中找到了该方法:
public final void init() throws ServletException {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Initializing servlet '" + getServletName() + "'");
}
// Set bean properties from init parameters.
PropertyValues pvs = new ServletConfigPropertyValues(getServletConfig(), this.requiredProperties);
if (!pvs.isEmpty()) {
try {
//定位资源
BeanWrapper bw = PropertyAccessorFactory.forBeanPropertyAccess(this);
//加载配置信息
ResourceLoader resourceLoader = new ServletContextResourceLoader(getServletContext());
bw.registerCustomEditor(Resource.class, new ResourceEditor(resourceLoader, getEnvironment()));
initBeanWrapper(bw);
bw.setPropertyValues(pvs, true);
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
if (logger.isErrorEnabled()) {
logger.error("Failed to set bean properties on servlet '" + getServletName() + "'", ex);
}
throw ex;
}
}
// Let subclasses do whatever initialization they like.
initServletBean();
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Servlet '" + getServletName() + "' configured successfully");
}
}
在init()方法中真正完成初始化的是initServletBean(),如注解所写这个方法是在HttpServletBean的子类FrameworkServlet中完成的实现,如图:
/**
* Overridden method of {@link HttpServletBean}, invoked after any bean properties
* have been set. Creates this servlet's WebApplicationContext.
*/
@Override
protected final void initServletBean() throws ServletException {
getServletContext().log("Initializing Spring FrameworkServlet '" + getServletName() + "'");
if (this.logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
this.logger.info("FrameworkServlet '" + getServletName() + "': initialization started");
}
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
try {
this.webApplicationContext = initWebApplicationContext();
initFrameworkServlet();
}
catch (ServletException ex) {
this.logger.error("Context initialization failed", ex);
throw ex;
}
catch (RuntimeException ex) {
this.logger.error("Context initialization failed", ex);
throw ex;
}
if (this.logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
long elapsedTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
this.logger.info("FrameworkServlet '" + getServletName() + "': initialization completed in " +
elapsedTime + " ms");
}
}
继续往下跟,进入initWebApplicationContext(),如图:
/**
* Initialize and publish the WebApplicationContext for this servlet.
* <p>Delegates to {@link #createWebApplicationContext} for actual creation
* of the context. Can be overridden in subclasses.
* @return the WebApplicationContext instance
* @see #FrameworkServlet(WebApplicationContext)
* @see #setContextClass
* @see #setContextConfigLocation
*/
protected WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext() {
//先从ServletContext中获得父容器WebAppliationContext
WebApplicationContext rootContext =
WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(getServletContext());
//声明子容器
WebApplicationContext wac = null;
//建立父、子容器之间的关联关系
if (this.webApplicationContext != null) {
// A context instance was injected at construction time -> use it
wac = this.webApplicationContext;
if (wac instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) wac;
if (!cwac.isActive()) {
// The context has not yet been refreshed -> provide services such as
// setting the parent context, setting the application context id, etc
if (cwac.getParent() == null) {
// The context instance was injected without an explicit parent -> set
// the root application context (if any; may be null) as the parent
cwac.setParent(rootContext);
}
//这个方法里面调用了AbatractApplication的refresh()方法
//模板方法,规定IOC初始化基本流程
configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac);
}
}
}
//先去ServletContext中查找Web容器的引用是否存在,并创建好默认的空IOC容器
if (wac == null) {
// No context instance was injected at construction time -> see if one
// has been registered in the servlet context. If one exists, it is assumed
// that the parent context (if any) has already been set and that the
// user has performed any initialization such as setting the context id
wac = findWebApplicationContext();
}
//给上一步创建好的IOC容器赋值
if (wac == null) {
// No context instance is defined for this servlet -> create a local one
wac = createWebApplicationContext(rootContext);
}
//触发onRefresh方法
if (!this.refreshEventReceived) {
// Either the context is not a ConfigurableApplicationContext with refresh
// support or the context injected at construction time had already been
// refreshed -> trigger initial onRefresh manually here.
onRefresh(wac);
}
if (this.publishContext) {
// Publish the context as a servlet context attribute.
String attrName = getServletContextAttributeName();
getServletContext().setAttribute(attrName, wac);
if (this.logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
this.logger.debug("Published WebApplicationContext of servlet '" + getServletName() +
"' as ServletContext attribute with name [" + attrName + "]");
}
}
return wac;
}
protected void configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac) {
if (ObjectUtils.identityToString(wac).equals(wac.getId())) {
// The application context id is still set to its original default value
// -> assign a more useful id based on available information
if (this.contextId != null) {
wac.setId(this.contextId);
}
else {
// Generate default id...
wac.setId(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ID_PREFIX +
ObjectUtils.getDisplayString(getServletContext().getContextPath()) + '/' + getServletName());
}
}
wac.setServletContext(getServletContext());
wac.setServletConfig(getServletConfig());
wac.setNamespace(getNamespace());
wac.addApplicationListener(new SourceFilteringListener(wac, new ContextRefreshListener()));
// The wac environment's #initPropertySources will be called in any case when the context
// is refreshed; do it eagerly here to ensure servlet property sources are in place for
// use in any post-processing or initialization that occurs below prior to #refresh
ConfigurableEnvironment env = wac.getEnvironment();
if (env instanceof ConfigurableWebEnvironment) {
((ConfigurableWebEnvironment) env).initPropertySources(getServletContext(), getServletConfig());
}
postProcessWebApplicationContext(wac);
applyInitializers(wac);
wac.refresh();
}
在这段代码中有两个比较重要的方法:configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext()和onRefresh();
在configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext()中触发了refresh(),refresh()是真正启动IOC容器的入口,之后会详细介绍。IOC容器初始化之后又调用了onRefresh(),这个方法是在DIspatcherServlet中实现的。在onRefresh()中初始化了SpringMVC的九大组件。
/**
* This implementation calls {@link #initStrategies}.
*/
@Override
protected void onRefresh(ApplicationContext context) {
initStrategies(context);
}
/**
* Initialize the strategy objects that this servlet uses.
* <p>May be overridden in subclasses in order to initialize further strategy objects.
*/
//初始化策略
protected void initStrategies(ApplicationContext context) {
//多文件上传的组件
initMultipartResolver(context);
//初始化本地语言环境
initLocaleResolver(context);
//初始化模板处理器
initThemeResolver(context);
//handlerMapping
initHandlerMappings(context);
//初始化参数适配器
initHandlerAdapters(context);
//初始化异常拦截器
initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context);
//初始化视图预处理器
initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context);
//初始化视图转换器
initViewResolvers(context);
//FlashMap管理器
initFlashMapManager(context);
}
至此,Web IOC容器初始化源码分析结束。如有不足,忘各位大佬多多指点~~