SpringBoot之Web 开发

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-13 10:48:29 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-13 10:48:29 发布

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分类专栏： SpringBoot

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_45738810/article/details/108512182

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一、Web 开发

自动配置原理：

xxxAutoConfiguration: 帮助我们给容器中自动配置组件；

xxxProperyties: 配置类来

1、 SpringBoot对静态资源的映射规则

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.resources", ignoreUnknownFields = false)
public class ResourceProperties implements ResourceLoaderAware {
// 可是设置和静态资源有关的参数，缓存时间等
WebMvcAuotConfiguration：
@Override
public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
	if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) {
        logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled");
        return;
	} 
    Integer cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCachePeriod();
    if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {
    	customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
			registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**")
                .addResourceLocations(
					"classpath:/META‐INF/resources/webjars/")
                .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
	} 
    String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern();
    // 静态资源文件夹的映射
    if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) {
		customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
        	registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern)
				.addResourceLocations(
					this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations())
			.setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
	}
}
    // 配置欢迎页映射
    @Bean
	public WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping(
		ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
       return new WelcomePageHandlerMapping(resourceProperties.getWelcomePage(),
		this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern());
	}
    // 配置喜欢的图标
    @Configuration
	@ConditionalOnProperty(value = "spring.mvc.favicon.enabled", matchIfMissing = true)
    public static class FaviconConfiguration {
	private final ResourceProperties resourceProperties;
	public FaviconConfiguration(ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
        this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties;
	} 
    @Bean
	public SimpleUrlHandlerMapping faviconHandlerMapping() {
		SimpleUrlHandlerMapping mapping = new SimpleUrlHandlerMapping();
        mapping.setOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 1);
    	//所有 **/favicon.ico
		mapping.setUrlMap(Collections.singletonMap("**/favicon.ico",
		faviconRequestHandler()));
		return mapping;
	} 
    @Bean
	public ResourceHttpRequestHandler faviconRequestHandler() {
		ResourceHttpRequestHandler requestHandler = new
		ResourceHttpRequestHandler();
		requestHandler
			.setLocations(this.resourceProperties.getFaviconLocations());
		return requestHandler;
	}
}

所有的/webjars/**,都去classpath:/META-INF/resources/web/找资源

webjars ：以jar包的方式引入静态资源；http://www.webjars.org/

导入依赖：

<!--引入jquery-webjar 访问的时候只需要写webjars下面的资源名称即可-->
<dependency>
	<groupId>org.webjars.bower</groupId>
    <artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
    <version>3.3.1</version>
</dependency>

**测试：**localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.3.1/dist/jquery.js

“/**” 访问当前项目的任何资源，都去(静态资源的文件夹)找映射。

“classpath:/META-INF/resources/”
“classpath:/resources/”
“classpath:/static/”
“classpath:/public/”
“/”:当前项目

例如： localhost:8080/abc == 去静态资源文件夹里面找abc

欢迎页：静态资源文件下的所有index.html 页面；被"/**"映射
所有的 **/favicaon.ico 都是在静态资源文件下找

2、引擎模板

jsp、velocity、Freemarker、Thymeleaf

SpringBoot推荐的Tymeleaf，语法更简单，功能更强大；

① 引入thymeleaf

<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
   <version>2.3.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

测试：

@RequestMapping(value = "/success")
    public String success(){
        return "success";
}

切换thymeleaf版本

<thymeleaf.version>3.0.9.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version>
<!-- 布局功能的支持程序  thymeleaf3主程序  layout2以上版本 -->
<thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>2.3.0</thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>

启动报错：

***************************
APPLICATION FAILED TO START
***************************

Description:

An attempt was made to call a method that does not exist. The attempt was made from the following location:

    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafAutoConfiguration$ThymeleafDefaultConfiguration.templateEngine(ThymeleafAutoConfiguration.java:142)

The following method did not exist:

解决方案：

<properties>
    <springboot-thymeleaf.version>3.0.9.RELEASE</springboot-thymeleaf.version>
    <thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>2.3.0</thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>
</properties>

原因分析：

这里用的org.springframework.boot下的spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf,使用<thymeleaf.version>做标签时的可能与org.thymeleaf头冲突，导致包获取不正确。

② Thymeleaf使用

@ConfigurationProperties(
    prefix = "spring.thymeleaf"
)
public class ThymeleafProperties {
    private static final Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING;
    public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/";
    public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html";
    private boolean checkTemplate = true;
    private boolean checkTemplateLocation = true;
    private String prefix = "classpath:/templates/";
    private String suffix = ".html";
    private String mode = "HTML";
    //

只要我们把HTML页面的放在classpath:/templates/, thymeleaf 就能自动渲染。

使用：

导入thymeleaf的名称空间

<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">

使用thymeleaf语法

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>success 测试成功</h1>
    <div th:text="${hello}"></div>
</body>
</html>

③ 语法规则

th:text：改变当前元素里面的内容。

th: 任意html属性；来替换原生的值。

表达式

Simple expression: (表达式语法)
	Variable Expressions:${...}: 获取变量值; OGNL;
				1)、获取对象的属性、调用方法
                2)、使用内置的基本对象：
                    # ctx: the context object.
                    #vars: the context variables.
					#locale : the context locale.
					#request : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object.
					#response : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object.
					#session : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object.
					#servletContext : (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object.  
                 ${session.foo}
				3)、内置的一些工具对象
     #execInfo : information about the template being processed.
	#messages : methods for obtaining externalized messages inside variables expressions, in the
	same way as they would be obtained using #{…} syntax.
    #uris : methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs
	#conversions : methods for executing the configured conversion service (if any).
	#dates : methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc.
	#calendars : analogous to #dates , but for java.util.Calendar objects.
	#numbers : methods for formatting numeric objects.
	#strings : methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc.
	#objects : methods for objects in general.
	#bools : methods for boolean evaluation.
	#arrays : methods for arrays.
	#lists : methods for lists.
    #sets : methods for sets.
	#maps : methods for maps.
	#aggregates : methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections.
	#ids : methods for dealing with id attributes that might be repeated (for example, as a
	result of an iteration).
    
    Selection Variable Expressions: *{.....}： 选择表达式：和${}在功能上是一样;
		补充: 配合 th:object="${session.user}"
    <div th:object="${session.user}">
    <p>Name: <span th:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p>
	<p>Surname: <span th:text="*{lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p>
	<p>Nationality: <span th:text="*{nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p>
	</div>
        
    Message Expressions: #{...}: 获取国际化内容
    Link URL Expressions: @{....}: 定义URL;
		@{/order/process(execId=${execId},execType='FAST')}
		Fragment Expressions: ~{...}：片段引用表达式
		<div th:insert="~{commons :: main}">...</div>
Literals(字面量)
    Text literals: 'one text' , 'Another one!
	Number literals: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,…
	Boolean literals: true , false
	Null literal: null
	Literal tokens: one , sometext , main ,…
Text operations:（文本操作）
	String concatenation: +
	Literal substitutions: |The name is ${name}|
	Arithmetic operations:（数学运算）
        
	Binary operators: + , ‐ , * , / , % 
	Minus sign (unary operator): ‐
Boolean operations:（布尔运算）
    Binary operators: and , or
	Boolean negation (unary operator): ! , not
Comparisons and equality:（比较运算）
	Comparators: > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le )
	Equality operators: == , != ( eq , ne )
Conditional operators:条件运算（三元运算符）
	If‐then: (if) ? (then)
	If‐then‐else: (if) ? (then) : (else)
	Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue)
Special tokens:
	No‐Operation: _

3、SpringMVC自动配置

可以参考文档：https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/1.5.10.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/#boot-features-developingweb-applications

① Spring MVC auto-configuration

Spring Boot 自动配置好了SpringMVC

以下是SpringBoot 对SpringMVC的默认配置：（WebMvcAutoConfiguration）

Inclusion of ContentNegotiatingViewResolver and BeanNameViewResolver beans.
- 自动配置ViewResource(视图解析器：根据方法的返回值得视图对象的（View）, 视图对象决定如何渲染（转发？重定向？）)
- ContextNegotiatingViewResolver: 组合所有的视图解析器的；
- 如何定制：我们可以给自己容器中添加一个视图解析器；自动的将其组合进来；
Support for serving static resources, including support for WebJars (see below). 静态资源文件夹路径，webjars
Static index.html support。静态首页的访问
Custom Favicon support (see below). favicon.ico
自动注册 of Converter , GenericConverter, Formatter bean
- Converter: 转换器；public String hello(User user): 类型转换使用 Converter
- Formatter 格式化器： 2020.8.29 == Date；

@Bean
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "date‐format")//在文件中配置日期格
式化的规则
public Formatter<Date> dateFormatter() {
	return new DateFormatter(this.mvcProperties.getDateFormat());//日期格式化组件
}

自己添加的格式化器转换器，我们只需要放在容器中即可

Support for HttpMessageConverters (see below)
- HttpMessageConverter: SpringMVC用来转换Http请求和响应的：User—json；
- HttpMessageConverters 是从容器中确定；获取所有的HttpMessageConverter;
  
  给自己的容器中添加HttpMessageConverter,只需要将自己的组件注册容器中（@Bean, @Component）
Automatic registration of MessageCodesResolver (see below). 定义错误的代码生成规则
Automatic use of a ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer bean (see below).

我们可以配置一个ConfigurableWebBindingInitialzer 来替换默认的：（添加到容器）

初始化WebDataBinder；
请求数据=====JavaBean；

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web的所有的自动场景；

If you want to keep Spring Boot MVC features, and you just want to add additional MVC configuration(interceptors, formatters, view controllers etc.) you can add your own @Configuration class of typeWebMvcConfigurerAdapter , but without @EnableWebMvc . If you wish to provide custom instances of RequestMappingHandlerMapping , RequestMappingHandlerAdapter or ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver you can declare a WebMvcRegistrationsAdapter instance providing such components.

If you want to take complete control of Spring MVC, you can add your own @Configuration annotated with @EnableWebMvc.

② 扩展SpringMVC

    <mvc:view-controller path="/hello" view-name="success"/>
    <mvc:interceptors>
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <mvc:mapping path="/hello"/>
            <bean></bean>
        </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>

编写一个配置类（@Configuration）,是WebMvcConfigAdapter类型；不能标注@EnableWebMVC

既保留所有的自动配置，也能用我们扩展的配置；

注：WebMvcConfigurerAdapter该方法在spring boot 2.0，Spring 5.0 之后，已经被废弃

// 使用WebMvcConfigurer可以来扩展SpringMVC的功能
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer{
    @Override
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
        // super.addViewControllers(registry);
        // 浏览器发送 /oy 请求到 success
        registry.addViewController("/oy").setViewName("success");
    }
}

测试：

原理：

1. WebMvcAutoConfiguration是SpringMVC的自动配置类
2. 在做其他的自动配置时会导入：@Import（**EnableWebMvcConfiguration**.class）

@Configuration
public static class EnableWebMvcConfiguration extends DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration {
	private final WebMvcConfigurerComposite configurers = new WebMvcConfigurerComposite();
	// 从容器中获取所有的WebmvcConfigurer
	@Autowired(required = false)
	public void setConfigurers(List<WebMvcConfigurer> configurers) {
		if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(configurers)) {
		this.configurers.addWebMvcConfigurers(configurers);
		//一个参考实现；将所有的WebMvcConfigurer相关配置都来一起调用；
	@Override
	// public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
	// for (WebMvcConfigurer delegate : this.delegates) {
	// delegate.addViewControllers(registry);
	// }
}

容器中所有的WebMvcConfigurer都会一起起作用
我们的配置类也会被调用；

效果：SpringMVC的自动配置和我们的扩展配置都会起作用；

③、全面接管SpringMVC；

SpringBoot对SpringMVC的自动配置不需要了，所有都是我们自己配置；所有的SpringMVC的自动配置都失效了

我们需要在配置类中添加@EnableWebMvc即可；

// 使用WebMvcConfigurer可以来扩展SpringMVC的功能
@Configuration
@EnableWebMvc
public class MyMvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
    @Override
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
       /* super.addViewControllers(registry);*/
        // 浏览器 /oy 请求来到 success
        registry.addViewController("/oy").setViewName("success");
    }
}

原理：（为什么@EnableWebMvc自动配置就失效了）

@EnableWebMvc的核心

@Import(DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration.class)
public @interface EnableWebMvc {

@Configuration
public class DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {

@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class,WebMvcConfigurerAdapter.class })
//容器中没有这个组件的时候，这个自动配置类才生效
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class)
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 10)
@AutoConfigureAfter({ DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class,ValidationAutoConfiguration.class })
public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {

@EnableWebMvc将WebMvcConfiguationSupport组件导入进来
导入的WebMvcConfiguration只是SpringMVC最基本功能；

5、如何修改SpringBoot的默认设置

模式：

SpringBoot在自动配置很多组件的时候，先看容器中有没有自己配置的（@Bean、@Component）如果有就用户自己配置，如果没有，才自动配置和自己默认组合起来；
在SpringBoot中国会有非常多的xxxConfigurer帮助我们进行扩展配置
在SpringBoot中会有很多的xxxCustomize帮助我们进行定制配置

6、RestfulCRUD

配置pom配置文件：

    <properties>
        <!-- 布局功能的支持程序  thymeleaf3主程序  layout2以上版本 -->
        <springboot-thymeleaf.version>3.0.9.RELEASE</springboot-thymeleaf.version>
        <thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>2.3.0</thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>
	</properties>
	<!--配置thymeleaf模板-->
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
                <version>2.3.1.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

① 默认访问首页

方式一：(不推荐)

// 在Controller中配置    
	@RequestMapping({"/","/index.html"})
    public String index(){
        return "index";
    }

方式二：(推荐)

// 使用WebConfigurerAdapter可以来扩展SpringMVC的功能
// 使用@EnableWebMvc 不要接管SpringMVC
@Configuration
public class MyMvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
    @Override
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
//        super.addViewControllers(registry);
        //浏览器发送得 /oy 请求来到 success
        registry.addViewController("/oy").setViewName("success");
    }

    // 所有的webMvcConfigAdapter组件都会一起起作用
    @Bean // 将组件注册在容器
    public MyMvcConfig MyMvcConfig1(){
        MyMvcConfig config = new MyMvcConfig(){
            @Override
            public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
                registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login");
                registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("login");
            }
        };
        return config;
    }
}

【application.properties】

server.servlet.context-path=/curd

测试：

提前在POM.xml文件中引入bootstrap依赖（后面需要）

<!--引入bootstrap-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
    <artifactId>bootstrap</artifactId>
    <version>4.0.0</version>
</dependency>

② 国际化

编写国际化配置文件：
SpringBoot自动配置好了管理国际化资源文件的组件（2.x版本）：

	@Bean
    @ConfigurationProperties(
        prefix = "spring.messages"
    )
    public MessageSourceProperties messageSourceProperties() {
        return new MessageSourceProperties();
    }

    @Bean
    public MessageSource messageSource(MessageSourceProperties properties) {
        ResourceBundleMessageSource messageSource = new ResourceBundleMessageSource();
        if (StringUtils.hasText(properties.getBasename())) {
           // 设置国际化资源文件的基础名（去掉语言国家代码的） messageSource.setBasenames(StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(StringUtils.trimAllWhitespace(properties.getBasename())));
        }

        if (properties.getEncoding() != null) {
            messageSource.setDefaultEncoding(properties.getEncoding().name());
        }

        messageSource.setFallbackToSystemLocale(properties.isFallbackToSystemLocale());
        Duration cacheDuration = properties.getCacheDuration();
        if (cacheDuration != null) {
            messageSource.setCacheMillis(cacheDuration.toMillis());
        }

        messageSource.setAlwaysUseMessageFormat(properties.isAlwaysUseMessageFormat());
        messageSource.setUseCodeAsDefaultMessage(properties.isUseCodeAsDefaultMessage());
        return messageSource;
    }

1.x 版本：

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.messages")
public class MessageSourceAutoConfiguration {
    /**
    * Comma‐separated list of basenames (essentially a fully‐qualified classpath
    * location), each following the ResourceBundle convention with relaxed support for
    * slash based locations. If it doesn't contain a package qualifier (such as
    * "org.mypackage"), it will be resolved from the classpath root.
    */
	private String basename = "messages";
	//我们的配置文件可以直接放在类路径下叫messages.properties；
	@Bean
	public MessageSource messageSource() {
	ResourceBundleMessageSource messageSource = new ResourceBundleMessageSource();
	if (StringUtils.hasText(this.basename)) {
		//设置国际化资源文件的基础名（去掉语言国家代码的）
		messageSource.setBasenames(StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(
		StringUtils.trimAllWhitespace(this.basename)));
	} 
    if (this.encoding != null) {
		messageSource.setDefaultEncoding(this.encoding.name());
	} 
   messageSource.setFallbackToSystemLocale(this.fallbackToSystemLocale);
	messageSource.setCacheSeconds(this.cacheSeconds);
	messageSource.setAlwaysUseMessageFormat(this.alwaysUseMessageFormat);
	return messageSource;
}

在application.properties 文件中配置：

#指定管理国际化资源文件
spring.messages.basename=i18n.login

去页面获取的国际化的值、

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
	<head>
		<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
		<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">
		<meta name="description" content="">
		<meta name="author" content="">
		<title>Signin Template for Bootstrap</title>
		<!-- Bootstrap core CSS -->
		<link href="asserts/css/bootstrap.min.css" th:href="@{/webjars/bootstrap/4.0.0/css/bootstrap.css}" rel="stylesheet">
		<!-- Custom styles for this template -->
		<link href="asserts/css/signin.css" th:href="@{/asserts/css/signin.css}" rel="stylesheet">
	</head>

	<body class="text-center">
		<form class="form-signin" action="dashboard.html">
			<img class="mb-4" src="asserts/img/bootstrap-solid.svg" th:src="@{/asserts/img/bootstrap-solid.svg}" alt="" width="72" height="72">
			<h1 class="h3 mb-3 font-weight-normal" th:text="#{login.tip}">Please sign in</h1>
			<label class="sr-only" th:text="#{login.username}">Username</label>
			<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Username" th:placeholder="#{login.username}" required="" autofocus="">
			<label class="sr-only" th:text="#{login.password}">Password</label>
			<input type="password" class="form-control" placeholder="Password" th:placeholder="#{login.password}" required="">
			<div class="checkbox mb-3">
				<label>
          <input type="checkbox" value="remember-me"> [[#{login.remember}]]
        </label>
			</div>
			<button class="btn btn-lg btn-primary btn-block" type="submit" th:text="#{login.btn}">Sign in</button>
			<p class="mt-5 mb-3 text-muted">© 2017-2018</p>
			<a class="btn btn-sm">中文</a>
			<a class="btn btn-sm">English</a>
		</form>

	</body>

</html>

测试：（更改浏览器语言）

原理：

国际化Locale（区域信息对象）； LocaleResolver（获取区域信息对象）

@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "locale")
public LocaleResolver localeResolver() {
	if (this.mvcProperties
		.getLocaleResolver() == WebMvcProperties.LocaleResolver.FIXED) {
		return new FixedLocaleResolver(this.mvcProperties.getLocale());
	} 
    AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver localeResolver = new AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver();
	localeResolver.setDefaultLocale(this.mvcProperties.getLocale());
	return localeResolver;
}
默认的就是根据请求头带来的区域信息Localhost进行国际化

点击切换国际化

【MyLocaleResolver.calss】

// 可以在连接上携带区域的信息
public class MyLocaleResolver implements LocaleResolver{
    @Override
    public Locale resolveLocale(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest) {
        String l = httpServletRequest.getParameter("l");
        Locale locale = Locale.getDefault();
        if(!StringUtils.isEmpty("_")){
            String[] split = l.split("_");
            locale = new Locale(split[0], split[1]);
        }
        return locale;
    }

    @Override
    public void setLocale(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Locale locale) {

    }
}

【MyMvcConfig.class】

@Bean
public LocaleResolver localeResolver(){
    return new MyLocaleResolver();
}

【login.html】

<a class="btn btn-sm" th:href="@{/index.html(l='zh_CN')}">中文</a>
<a class="btn btn-sm" th:href="@{/index.html(l='en_US')}">English</a>

③ 登录

开发期间模板的引擎页面修改以后，要实时生效

禁用模板引擎的缓存

# 禁用缓存
spring.thymeleaf.cache=false

页面修改完成完成以后ctrl +f9 : 重新编译；

【MyLocaleResolver.class】

public class MyLocaleResolver implements LocaleResolver{
    @Override
    public Locale resolveLocale(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest) {
        String l = httpServletRequest.getParameter("l");
        Locale locale = Locale.getDefault();
        if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(l)){
            String[] split = l.split("_");
            locale = new Locale(split[0], split[1]);
        }
        return locale;
    }

    @Override
    public void setLocale(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Locale locale) {

    }
}

【LonginController.class】

@Controller
public class LonginController {

    @PostMapping(value = "/user/login")
    public String login(@RequestParam("username") String username, @RequestParam("password") String passsword, Map<String , Object> map, HttpSession session){
        if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(username) && "123456".equals(passsword)){
            // 登陆成功，防止表单重复提交，可以重定向到主页
            session.setAttribute("loginUser",username);
            return "redirect:/main.html";
        }else{
            // 登录失败
            map.put("msg","用户名密码错误");
            return "login";
        }
    }
}

【MyMvcConfig.class】

	@Bean
    public MyMvcConfig MyMvcConfig1(){
        MyMvcConfig config = new MyMvcConfig(){
            @Override
            public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
                registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login");
                registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("login");
                registry.addViewController("/main.html").setViewName("dashboard");
            }
        };
        return config;
    }

登录错误提示消息

【login.html】

<p style="color: red" th:text="${msg}" th:if="${not #strings.isEmpty(msg)}"></p>

④ 拦截器进行登陆检查

拦截器：

/**
*@Description 登录检查
*@Author OY
*@Date 2020/9/3
*@Time 16:07
*/
public class LoginHandlerInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        Object user = request.getSession().getAttribute("loginUser");
        if(user == null){
            // 未登入，返回登录界面
            request.setAttribute("msg","没有权限请先登陆");
            request.getRequestDispatcher("/index.html").forward(request,response);
            return false;
        }else{
            // 以登录,放行请求
            return true;
        }

    }

    @Override
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {

    }

    @Override
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {

    }
}

注册拦截器：【MyMvcConfig.class】

注: 拦截器必须配置不拦截css样式，不然页面的css样式会失效

// 所有的webMvcConfig组件都会一起起作用
    @Bean // 将组件注册在容器
    public MyMvcConfig MyMvcConfig1(){
        MyMvcConfig config = new MyMvcConfig(){
            @Override
            public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
                registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login");
                registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("login");
                registry.addViewController("/main.html").setViewName("dashboard");
            }

            // 注册拦截器
            @Override
            public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
                // 静态资源： *.css , *.js
                // SpringBoot已经做好了静态资源映射
/*                registry.addInterceptor(new LoginHandlerInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/")
                            .excludePathPatterns("/index.html","/","/user/login","/asset/**","/webjars/**");*/

                registry.addInterceptor(new LoginHandlerInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**")
                        .excludePathPatterns("/index.html",
                                "/",
                                "/user/login","/static/**", "/webjars/**");
//
            }
        };
        return config;
    }

⑤ CRUD-员工列表

实验要求：

RestfulCURD: CURD满足Rest风格；

URL：/ 资源名称 / 资源标识HTTP请求的方式区分对资源CRUD 操作

	普通CURD(uri来区分操作)	RestfulCRUD
查询	getEmp	emp—GET
添加	addEmp?xxx	emp—POST
修改	updateEmp?id=xxx&xxx=xx	emp/{id}—PUT
删除	deleteEmp?id=1	emp/{id}—DELETE

实验的请求架构：

实验功能	请求URL	请求方式
查询所有员工	emps	GET
查询某个员工(来到修改页面)	emp/1	GET
来到添加页面	emp	GET
添加员工	emps	POST
来到修改页面（查出员工进行信息回显）	emp/1	GET
修改员工	emp	PUT
删除员工	emp/1	DELETE

员工列表

thymeleaf公共页面元素的抽取

1、抽取公共片段

<div th:fragment=“copy”>
© 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</div>

2、引入公共片段

<div th:insert="~{footer:: copy}">

~{templatename :: selector} : 模板名 :: 选择器

~{templatename :: fragmentname} : 模板名 :: 片段名

3、默认效果

insert的公共片段在div标签中

如果使用th:insert等属性进行引入，可以不用写~{}；

行内写法可加上：[[~{}]]; [[~{}]]

三种引入片段的th属性：

th: insert: 将公共整个片段插入到声明引入的元素中

th:replace： 将声明引入的元素换为公共的片段

th:include: 将被引入的片段的内容包含进这个标签中

<footer th:fragment="copy">
&copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</footer>
引入方式
<div th:insert="footer :: copy"></div>
<div th:replace="footer :: copy"></div>
<div th:include="footer :: copy"></div>
效果
<div>
	<footer>
	&copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
	</footer>
</div>
<footer>
	&copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</footer>
<div>
	&copy; 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery
</div>

抽取出公共的页面【bar.html】：

    <!--topbar-->
    <nav class="navbar navbar-dark sticky-top bg-dark flex-md-nowrap p-0" th:fragment="topbar">
        <a class="navbar-brand col-sm-3 col-md-2 mr-0" href="http://getbootstrap.com/docs/4.0/examples/dashboard/#">[[${session.loginUser}]]</a>
        <input class="form-control form-control-dark w-100" type="text" placeholder="Search" aria-label="Search">
        <ul class="navbar-nav px-3">
            <li class="nav-item text-nowrap">
                <a class="nav-link" href="http://getbootstrap.com/docs/4.0/examples/dashboard/#">Sign out</a>
            </li>
        </ul>
    </nav>
	<nav class="col-md-2 d-none d-md-block bg-light sidebar" id="sidebar">
        <div class="sidebar-sticky">
            <ul class="nav flex-column">
                <li class="nav-item">
                    <a class="nav-link active" href="#" th:href="@{/main.html}"
                       th:class="${activeUri=='main.html'?'nav-link active':'nav-link'}">
                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"
                             stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"
                             class="feather feather-home">
                            <path d="M3 9l9-7 9 7v11a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2z"></path>
                            <polyline points="9 22 9 12 15 12 15 22"></polyline>
                        </svg>
                        Dashboard <span class="sr-only">(current)</span>
                    </a>
                </li>
                <li class="nav-item">
                    <a class="nav-link" href="http://getbootstrap.com/docs/4.0/examples/dashboard/#">
                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"
                             stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"
                             class="feather feather-file">
                            <path d="M13 2H6a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v16a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h12a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V9z"></path>
                            <polyline points="13 2 13 9 20 9"></polyline>
                        </svg>
                        Orders
                    </a>
                </li>
                <li class="nav-item">
                    <a class="nav-link" href="http://getbootstrap.com/docs/4.0/examples/dashboard/#">
                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"
                             stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"
                             class="feather feather-shopping-cart">
                            <circle cx="9" cy="21" r="1"></circle>
                            <circle cx="20" cy="21" r="1"></circle>
                            <path d="M1 1h4l2.68 13.39a2 2 0 0 0 2 1.61h9.72a2 2 0 0 0 2-1.61L23 6H6"></path>
                        </svg>
                        Products
                    </a>
                </li>
                <li class="nav-item">
                    <a class="nav-link active" href="#" th:href="@{/emps}"
                       th:class="${activeUri=='emps'?'nav-link active':'nav-link'}">
                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"
                             stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"
                             class="feather feather-users">
                            <path d="M17 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H5a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2"></path>
                            <circle cx="9" cy="7" r="4"></circle>
                            <path d="M23 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-3-3.87"></path>
                            <path d="M16 3.13a4 4 0 0 1 0 7.75"></path>
                        </svg>
                        员工管理
                    </a>
                </li>
                .........
        </nva>

引入(选择高亮)：

<!--引入抽取的topbar-->
<!--模板名: 会使用thymeleaf的前后缀的配置规则进行解析-->
<div th:replace="commons/bar :: topbar"></div>

<!--引入sidebar-->
<div th:replace="commons/bar :: #sidebar(activeUri='main.html')"></div>

【EmployeeController.java】

    @Autowired
    EmployeeDao employeeDao;

    /**
     * 查询所有的员工列列表页面
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping(value = "/emps")
    public String list(Map<String, Object> map){
        Collection<Employee> employees = employeeDao.getAll();
        //放在请求域中
        map.put("emps", employees);
        // thymeleaf 默认就会拼串
        // classpath:/templates/xxxx.html
        return "emp/list";
    }

使用thymeleaf 模板列出所有的员工信息【list.html】

// 修改这个两处地方
<thead>
	<tr>
		<th>id</th>
		<th>lastName</th>
		<th>email</th>
		<th>gender</th>
		<th>department</th>
		<th>birth</th>
		<th>操作</th>
	</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
    <tr th:each="emp:${emps}">
        <td th:text="${emp.id}"></td>
        <td th:text="${emp.lastName}"></td>
        <td th:text="${emp.email}"></td>
        <td th:text="${emp.gender}"></td>
        <td th:text="${emp.department.departmentName}"></td>
        <td th:text="${#dates.format(emp.birth, 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm')}"></td>
        <td>
            <a class="btn btn-sm btn-primary" href="#">编辑</a>
            <button class="btn btn-danger">删除</button>
        </td>
    </tr>
</tbody>

⑥ CRUD-员工添加

将【list.html】替换为：

替换前：
<h2>Section title</h2>   
替换后：
<h2><a class="btn btn-sm btn-success" href="#" th:href="@{/emp}">员工添加</a></h2>

【EmployeeController.java】

 @Autowired
 DepartmentDao departmentDao;

@GetMapping("/emp")
public String toAddPage(Map<String, Object> map){
    // 来到添加页面，查出所有的部门
    Collection<Department> departments = departmentDao.getDepartments();
    map.put("depts",departments);
    return "emp/add";
}

在templates/emp新建页面【add.html】：

// 复制list.html 进行细微的修改,删除原<main>标签中的元素替换为以下的内容

<main role="main" class="col-md-9 ml-sm-auto col-lg-10 pt-3 px-4">
    <form  th:action ="@{/emp}" method="post">
        <div class="form-group">
            <label>LastName</label>
            <input name="lastName" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan">
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            <label>Email</label>
            <input name="email" type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan@atguigu.com" >
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            <label>Gender</label><br/>
            <div class="form-check form-check-inline">
                <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="1" >
                <label class="form-check-label">男</label>
            </div>
            <div class="form-check form-check-inline">
                <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="0" >
                <label class="form-check-label">女</label>
            </div>
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            <label>department</label>
            <!--提交的是部门的id-->
            <select class="form-control" name="department.id">
                <option th:value="${dept.id}" th:each="dept:${depts}" th:text="${dept.departmentName}">1</option>
            </select>
        </div>
        <div class="form-group">
            <label>Birth</label>
            <input type="text" name="birth" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan">
        </div>
        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" >添加</button>
    </form>
</main>

【application.properties】

# 格式化时间
spring.mvc.format.date=yyyy-MM-dd

日期的格式化： SpringMVC将页面的提交的值需要转换为指定的类型；

例如：2017-12-12----Date；类型转换，格式化；

默认日期的按照/的方式

【EmployeeController.java】

/**
 * 获取添加页面的信息
 */
@PostMapping(value = "/emp")
public String addEmp(Employee employee){
    System.out.println("保存到员工信息:" + employee);
    // 保存员工信息
    employeeDao.save(employee);
    // redirect: 重定向一个到地址 / 代表当前项目的路径
    // forward: 表示转发一个地址
    return "redirect:/emps";
}

修改【list.html】中的gender

<td th:text="${emp.gender}==0?'女':'男'"></td>

效果：

⑦ 员工修改

先通过id查询修改员工的信息【EmployeeController.java】

/**
  * 来到修改页面，查询员工信息，回显
  */
@GetMapping(value = "/emp/{id}")
public String toEditPage(@PathVariable("id") Integer id, Map<String, Object> map){
    Employee employee = employeeDao.get(id);
    map.put("emp",employee);

    // 页面要显示所有部门的信息
    Collection<Department> departments = departmentDao.getDepartments();
    map.put("depts",departments);
    return "emp/add";
}

修改添加二合一表单【list.html】

<!--引入抽取的topbar-->
<!--模板名: 会使用thymeleaf的前后缀的配置规则进行解析-->
<div th:replace="commons/bar::topbar"></div>

<div class="container-fluid">
    <div class="row">

        <!--引入sidebar-->
        <div th:replace="commons/bar::#sidebar(activeUri='emps')"></div>

        <main role="main" class="col-md-9 ml-sm-auto col-lg-10 pt-3 px-4">
            <!--需要区分是员工修改还是添加；-->
            <form  th:action ="@{/emp}" method="post">
                <!--发送put请求修改员工数据-->
                <!--
		1.SpringMVC中配置HiddenHttpMethodFiler;(SpringBoot自动配置好的)
		2.页面创建一个post表单
		3.创建input项,name="_method";值就是我们指定的请求方式
	-->
                <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="put" th:if="${emp!=null}">
                <input type="hidden" name="id" th:value="${emp.id}" th:if="${emp != null}">
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label>LastName</label>
                    <input name="lastName" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan" th:value="${emp!= null}?${emp.lastName}">
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label>Email</label>
                    <input name="email" type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan@atguigu.com" th:value="${emp!=null}?${emp.email}">
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label>Gender</label><br/>
                    <div class="form-check form-check-inline">
                        <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="1" th:checked="${emp!=null}?${emp.gender==1}">
                        <label class="form-check-label">男</label>
                    </div>
                    <div class="form-check form-check-inline">
                        <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="0" th:checked="${emp!= null}?${emp.gender==0}">
                        <label class="form-check-label">女</label>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label>department</label>
                    <!--提交的是部门的id-->
                    <select class="form-control" name="department.id">
                        <option th:selected="${emp!=null}?${dept.id==emp.department.id}" th:value="${dept.id}" th:each="dept:${depts}" th:text="${dept.departmentName}">1</option>
                    </select>
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label>Birth</label>
                    <input type="text" name="birth" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan" th:value="${emp!= null}?${#dates.format(emp.birth, 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm')}">
                </div>
                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" th:text="${emp!=null}?'修改':'添加'">添加</button>
            </form>
        </main>
    </div>
</div>

获取修改的数据，后台进行处理【EmployeeController.class】

/**
     * 修改员工的信息，需要提交员工的id
     * @param employee
     * @return
     */
@PutMapping(value = "/emp")
public String updateEmployees(Employee employee){
    System.out.println("员工修改信息为:"+employee);
    employeeDao.save(employee);
    return "redirect:/emps";
}

⑧ 员工删除

【EmployeeController.java】

/**
 * 员工删除
 * @param id
 * @return
 */
@DeleteMapping("/emp/{id}")
public String deleteEmployee(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
    System.out.println("需要删除员工的Id为:"+ id);
    employeeDao.delete(id);
    return "redirect:/emps";
}

【list.html】

修改button添加属性

<button th:attr="del_uri=@{/emp/}+${emp.id}" class="btn btn-sm btn-danger deleteBtn">删除</button>

添加form表单

<form id="deleteEmpForm" method="post">
	<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="delete">
</form>

用jquery 来处理用户删除

// 添加th:src 防止js、bootstrat等无法获取资源
<script type="text/javascript" src="asserts/js/jquery-3.2.1.slim.min.js" th:src="@{/webjars/jquery/3.2.1/dist/jquery.js}"></script>
		<script type="text/javascript" src="asserts/js/popper.min.js" th:src="@{/webjars/popper.js/1.11.1/dist/popper.js}"></script>
		<script type="text/javascript" src="asserts/js/bootstrap.min.js" th:src="@{/webjars/bootstrap/4.0.0/js/bootstrap.js}"></script>

		<!-- Icons -->
		<script type="text/javascript" src="asserts/js/feather.min.js" th:src="@{/asserts/js/feather.min.js}"></script>

<script>
    $('.deleteBtn').click(function () {
        var $tr = $(this).parent().parent();
    	var name = $tr.children(':first').html();
    	// 删除员工,并进行友好提示
    	if(confirm("确定要用户ID为【"+name+"】删除吗？")){
        	$("#deleteEmpForm").attr("action",$(this).attr('del_uri')).submit();
        	// 取消元素的默认行为
        	return false;
    	}
    	return false;
	});
</script>

异常处理（delete请求被拦截）

There was an unexpected error (type=Method Not Allowed, status=405)

解决方法：在SpringBoot配置文件中【application.properties】中配置

# 取消delete请求拦截
spring.mvc.hiddenmethod.filter.enabled=true

7、错误处理机制

① SpringBoot默认的错误处理机制

默认效果：

浏览器，返回一个默认的错误页面

浏览器发送的请求的请求头：

如果是其他客户端，默认响应一个josn数据

原理：可以参照ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration；错误处理的自动配置；

给容器中添加一下组件

. DefaultErrorAttributes;

帮助我们在页面共享信息;
	@Override
	public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes,boolean includeStackTrace) 
{
	Map<String, Object> errorAttributes = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>();
	errorAttributes.put("timestamp", new Date());
	addStatus(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
	addErrorDetails(errorAttributes, requestAttributes,includeStackTrace);
	addPath(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);
	return errorAttributes;
}

.BasicErrorController: 处理默认的/error请求

@Controller
@RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}")
public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController {
	@RequestMapping(produces = "text/html")// 产生html类型的数据；浏览器发送的请求来到这个方法处理
	public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) {
		HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
		Map<String, Object> model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(getErrorAttributes(
			request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML)));
		response.setStatus(status.value());
		//去哪个页面作为错误页面；包含页面地址和页面内容
		ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);
		return (modelAndView == null ? new ModelAndView("error", model) : modelAndView);
	} 
    
    @RequestMapping
	@ResponseBody // 产生json数据，其他客户端来这个方法处理
	public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> error(HttpServletRequest request) {
		Map<String, Object> body = getErrorAttributes(request,
		isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.ALL));
		HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
		return new ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>>(body, status);
	}

3）.ErrorPageCustomizer：

@Value("${error.path:/error}")
private String path = "/error"; 系统出现错误以后来到error请求进行处理；(web.xml注册的错误页面规则)

4）. DefaultErroViewResolver：

@Override
public ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request, HttpStatus status,Map<String, Object> model) {
ModelAndView modelAndView = resolve(String.valueOf(status), model);
	if (modelAndView == null &&SERIES_VIEWS.containsKey(status.series())) {
		modelAndView = resolve(SERIES_VIEWS.get(status.series()), model);
	} 
 	return modelAndView;
} 
private ModelAndView resolve(String viewName, Map<String, Object> model) {
	//默认的SpringBoot可以去找到一个页面  error/404
	String errorViewName = "error/" + viewName;
	//模板引擎可以解析这个页面地址就用模板引擎解析
	TemplateAvailabilityProvider provider =this.templateAvailabilityProviders.getProvider(errorViewName, this.applicationContext);
	if (provider != null) {
	//模模板引擎可用的情况下返回errorViewName指定的试图地址
	return new ModelAndView(errorViewName, model);
	} 
    //模板引擎不可用，就在静态资源文件只夹下找errorView对应的页面 error/404.html
	return resolveResource(errorViewName, model);
}

步骤：一旦系统出现4xx或者5xx之类的错误；ErrorPageCustmizer就会生效（定制错误的响应规则）；就会来到/error请求；就会BasicErrorController处理；

响应页面；去哪个页面的DefaultErrorViewResolver解析得到的；

protected ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response, HttpStatus status, Map<String, Object> model) {
//所有的ErrorViewResolver得到ModelAndView
for (ErrorViewResolver resolver : this.errorViewResolvers) {
	ModelAndView modelAndView = resolver.resolveErrorView(request,status, model);
		if (modelAndView != null) {
			return modelAndView;
		}
	} 
    return null;
}

② 如果定制错误响应:

1). 如何定制错误的页面

1. 有模板引擎的情况下：error/状态码;【将错误页面命名为错误状态码.html 放在模板引擎文件夹里面的error文件下】，发生此状态码的错误就会来到对应的页面；

我们可以使用4xx和5xx作为错误的文件名来匹配这种类型的所有的错误，精确优先（优先寻找精确的状态码.html）;

页面能获取的信息：

timestamp：时间戳
staus: 状态码
error：错误提示
exception: 异常对象
mesage: 异常消息
errors: JSR303数据校验的错误都在这里

<main role="main" class="col-md-9 ml-sm-auto col-lg-10 pt-3 px-4">
    <h1>404</h1>
    <h2>timestamp:[[${timestamp}]]</h2>
    <h2>status:[[${status}]]</h2>
    <h2>error:[[${error}]]</h2>
</main>

没有模板引擎（模板引擎找不到这个错误的页面），静态资源文件夹下找；
以上都都没有错误页面，就是默认来到SpringBoot默认的错误提示页面；

2).如何定制错误的json数据；

自定义异常处理&返回定制的json数据；

@ResponseBody
@ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class)
public Map<String, Object> handleException(Exception e){
    Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
    map.put("code","user.notexist");
    map.put("message",e.getMessage());
    return map;
}
// 没有自适应效果

转到到/error进行自适应想响应的效果处理

public String handException(Exception e, HttpServletRequest request){
    Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
    // 传入我们自己的错误状态码 4xx 5xx，否则就不会进入定制错误页面的解析流程
    request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code",500);
    map.put("code","user.notexist");
    map.put("message",e.getMessage());
    // 转发到/error
    return "forward:/error";
}

3）.将我们的定制数据携带出去；

出现错误以后，会来到/error请求，会被BasicErrorController处理，响应出去可以获取的数据是由getErrorAttributes得到的（是AbstractErrorController(ErrorController)规定的方法）；

完全来编写一个ErrorController的实现类【或者编写AbstractErrorController的子类】，放在容器中；
页面上能用的数据，或者是Json返回的能用的数据都是通过errAttributes.getErrorAttributes得到，容器中DefaultErrorAttrutes.getErrorAttributes()；默认进行数据处理的；

自定义ErrorAttributes

// 给容器中加入我们自己的定义的ErrorAttributes
@Component
public class MyErrorAttributes extends DefaultErrorAttributes {

    //返回值的map就是页面和json能获取的所有字段
    
    @Override
    public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(WebRequest webRequest, boolean includeStackTrace) {
        Map<String, Object> map = super.getErrorAttributes(webRequest, includeStackTrace);
        map.put("company","oy");
		return map;
    }
}

最终效果：响应是自适应的，可以通过定制ErrorAttributes改变需要返回的内容，

8、配置嵌入式Servle容器

SpringBoot默认使用Tomcat作为嵌入式的Servlet容器；

① 定制和修改Servlet容器的相关配置；

修改和Servlet有关的配置（ServletProperties【也是EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer】）;

server.port=8081
server.context-path=/curd

server.tomcat.uri-encoding=UTF-8

// 通用的Servlet容器设置
server.xxx
// Tomcat的设置
server.tomcat

编写一个EmbeddedServerContainerCustomizer(2.x以上已经不支持)，使用ConfigurableServletWebServerFactory：嵌入式的Servlet容器的定制器；来修改Servlet容器的配置

@Configuration
public class MySeverConfig  {
    @Bean // 一定要将这个定制器加入到容器中
    public ConfigurableServletWebServerFactory webServerFactory(){
        TomcatServletWebServerFactory factory = new TomcatServletWebServerFactory();
        factory.setPort(8083);
        return factory;
    }
}

② 注册Servlet三大组件【Servlet、Filter、Listener】

由于SpringBoot默认是以jar包的的方式启动嵌入式的Servlet容器来启动SpringBoot的web应用，没有web.xml文件

注册三大组件用以下的方式

ServletRegistrationBean

@Bean
public ServletRegistrationBean myServlet(){
	ServletRegistrationBean registrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new MyServlet(),"/myServlet");
	registrationBean.setLoadOnStartup(1);
	return registrationBean;
}

FilterRegistrationBean

@Bean
public FilterRegistrationBean myListener(){
	FilterRegistrationBean registrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean();
	registrationBean.setFilter(new MyFilter());
	registrationBean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/hello","/myServlet"));
	return registrationBean;
}

ServletListenerRegistrationBean

@Bean
public ServletListenerRegistrationBean mylistener(){
    ServletListenerRegistrationBean registrationBean = new ServletListenerRegistrationBean(new MyListener());
    return registrationBean;
}

SpringBoot帮我们自动SpringMVC的时候，自动注册SpringMVC的前端控制器；DispartcherServlet;

DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration中：

@Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME)
@ConditionalOnBean(value = DispatcherServlet.class, name =
DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)
public ServletRegistrationBean dispatcherServletRegistration(DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet) {
	ServletRegistrationBean registration = new ServletRegistrationBean(dispatcherServlet, this.serverProperties.getServletMapping());
	//默认拦截： / 所有请求；包静态资源，但是不拦截jsp请求； /*会拦截jsp
	//可以通过server.servletPath来修改SpringMVC前端控制器默认拦截的请求路径
	registration.setName(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME);
	registration.setLoadOnStartup(this.webMvcProperties.getServlet().getLoadOnStartup());
	if (this.multipartConfig != null) {
		registration.setMultipartConfig(this.multipartConfig);
	} 
    return registration;
}

③ 替换为其他嵌入式Servlet容器

默认支持：

Tomcat（默认使用）

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    引入web模块就是使用嵌入式的Tomcat作为Server容器
</dependency>

Jetty

<!--引入web模块-->
<dependency>
     <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
     <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
     <exclusions>
         <exclusion>
             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
         </exclusion>
     </exclusions>
</dependency>

<!--引入其他的Servlet容器-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
</dependency>

Undertow

<!--引入web模块-->
<dependency>
     <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
     <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
     <exclusions>
         <exclusion>
             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
         </exclusion>
     </exclusions>
</dependency>

<!--引入其他的Servlet容器-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-undertow</artifactId>
</dependency>

④ 嵌入式Servlet容器自动配置原理(1.x 版本)

@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
@Import(BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class)
// 导入BeanPostProcessorsRegister : 给容器中导入一些主件
// 导入了EmbeddedServletContainnerCustomizerBeanPostcessor:
// 后置处理器：Bean初始化后（创建完对象，还没赋值)执行初始化工作
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Tomcat.class })//判断当前是否引入了Tomcat依赖
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search =
SearchStrategy.CURRENT)// 判断当前容器没有用户自定定义EmbedddServerContainerFactory: 嵌入式的Server容器工厂； 作用： 创建嵌入式的Server容器
public class EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration { 
	public static class EmbeddedTomcat {
       @Bean
		public TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory tomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory()
		{
			return new TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
		}
    }
    /**
	* Nested configuration if Jetty is being used.
	*/
    @Configuration
	@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Server.class, Loader.class,WebAppContext.class })
	@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class,searchSearchStrategy.CURRENT)
    public static class EmbeddedJetty {
		@Bean
		public JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory jettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
			return new JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
		}
	}
} 、

/**
* Nested configuration if Undertow is being used.
*/
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Undertow.class, SslClientAuthMode.class })
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search =
SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
public static class EmbeddedUndertow {
	@Bean
	public UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory undertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {
		return new UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();
	}
}

EmbeddedServletContainerFactory（嵌入式Servlet容器工厂）

public interface EmbeddedServletContainerFactory {
	//获取嵌入式的Servlet容器
	EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer(
	ServletContextInitializer... initializers);
}

EmbeddedServerContainer:(嵌入式的Servlet容器)

以TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory为例

@Override
public EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer(ServletContextInitializer... initializers) {
        //创建一个Tomcat
        Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
        //配置Tomcat的基本环节
        File baseDir = (this.baseDirectory != null ? this.baseDirectory: createTempDir("tomcat"));
        tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath());
        Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol);
        tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector);
        customizeConnector(connector);
        tomcat.setConnector(connector);
        tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false);
        configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine());
        for (Connector additionalConnector : this.additionalTomcatConnectors) {
        tomcat.getService().addConnector(additionalConnector);
	} 
	prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers);
    
    // 将配置好的Tomcat传入进入，返回一个EmbeddedServerContainer;并启动Tomcat服务器
	return getTomcatEmbeddedServletContainer(tomcat);
}

我们对嵌入式容器的配置修改是怎么生效的

ServerProperties、EmbeddedServleContainerCustomizer

5.容器中导入了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor

//初始化之前
@Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
	//如果当前初始化的是一个ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer类型的组件
	if (bean instanceof ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) {
	//
	postProcessBeforeInitialization((ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) bean);
	}
    return bean;
}

private void postProcessBeforeInitialization(
ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer bean) {
//获取所有的定制器，调用每一个定制器的customize方法来给Servlet容器进行属性赋值；
	for (EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer customizer : getCustomizers()) {
		customizer.customize(bean);
	}
}

private void postProcessBeforeInitialization(ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer bean) {
	//获取所有的定制器，调用每一个定制器的customize方法来给Servlet容器进行属性赋值；
	for (EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer customizer : getCustomizers()) {
		customizer.customize(bean);
	}
} 
	private Collection<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer> getCustomizers() {
		if (this.customizers == null) {
		// Look up does not include the parent context
		this.customizers = new ArrayList<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer>(
            this.beanFactory
	//从容器中获取所有这葛类型的组件：EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer
	//定制Servlet容器，给容器中可以添加一个EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer类型的组件
		.getBeansOfType(EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer.class,false, false).values());
		Collections.sort(this.customizers, AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.INSTANCE);
		this.customizers = Collections.unmodifiableList(this.customizers);
	} 
        return this.customizers;
}
ServerProperties 也是定制器

步骤：

SpringBoot根据导入的依赖情况，给容器中添加相应的

EmbeddedServletContainerFactory【TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactroy】
容器中某个组件要创建对象就会惊动后置处理器；

EmbeddedServletContainCustomizerBeanPostProcessor;

只要是嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂，后置处理器就工作；
后置处理器，从容中获取所有的EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer，调用定制器的定制方法

9、嵌入式Servlet容器启动原理

获取嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂：

1. SpringBoot应用启动运行run方法
2. refreshContext(context);SpringBoot刷新IOC容器【创建IOC容器，并初始化容器，创建容器中的每一个组件】；如果是web应用创建**AnnotainConfigEmbedderWebApplicationContext**;否则；AnnotaionConfigApplicationContext
3. refresh(context); **刷新刚才创建的ioc容器**；

public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
	// Prepare this context for refreshing.
	prepareRefresh();
	// Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
	ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();
	// Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
	prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);
	try {
		// Allows post‐processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
        postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
        // Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
        invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);
        // Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
        registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);
        // Initialize message source for this context.
        initMessageSource();
        // Initialize event multicaster for this context.
        initApplicationEventMulticaster();
        // Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
        onRefresh();
        // Check for listener beans and register them.
        registerListeners();
        // Instantiate all remaining (non‐lazy‐init) singletons.
        finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);
        // Last step: publish corresponding event.
        finishRefresh();
	} 
    catch (BeansException ex) {
		if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
		logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization ‐ " +"cancelling refresh 				attempt: " + ex);
	} 
        // Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
		destroyBeans();
		// Reset 'active' flag.
		cancelRefresh(ex);
		// Propagate exception to caller.
	throw ex;
	} finally {
		// Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we
		// might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore...
		resetCommonCaches();
	}
	}
}

onRefrsh(); web的ioc容器重写 onRefresh 方法
webioc容器会创建嵌入式的Servlet容器； createEmbeddedServletContainer();
获取嵌入式的Servlet 容器工厂

EmbeddedServletContionerFactory containerFactory = getEmbeddedServletContianFactory();

从容器中获取EmbeddedServletContian 组件；TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory创建对象，后置处理器一看是这个对象，就能获取所有定制器来定制Servlet 容器的相关配置；
使用容器工厂获取嵌入式的Server容器:

this.embeddedServletContainer = containerFactory.getEmbeddedServletContainer(getSelfInitializer());

嵌入式的Servlet 容器创建对象并启动Server容器；

先启动嵌入式Servlet容器，再将ioc容器下没有创建出的对象获取出来；

IOC容器启动创建嵌入式的Servlet容器

10、使用外置的Servlet 容器

嵌入式Servle容器: 应用打成可执行的jar

优点：简单、便携

缺点：默认不支持JSP、优先定制比较复杂（使用定制器【ServerProperties、自定义EmbeddesdServletContianCustizer】, 自己编写嵌入式Servlet容器的创建工厂【EmbeddedServletContainerFactory 】）

外置Servlet容器：外面安装Tomcat – 应用war 包的方式打开；

步骤：

必须创建一个web项目；

参考博客：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_45738810/article/details/108509314
建入嵌入式的Tomcat指定的provided;

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
    <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

必须编写一个SpringBootServletInitiallzer的子类，并调用configure方法

public class ServletInitializer extends SpringBootServletInitializer {

    @Override
    protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) {
        return application.sources(SpringBoot06WebServletApplication.class);
    }

}

启动服务器就可以使用；

原理：

jar包：执行SpringBoot主类的main方法，启动ioc容器，创建嵌入式的Servlet容器；

war包： 启动服务器，服务器启动SpringBoot应用【SpringBootServletInitializer】,启动ioc容器；

规则：

服务器启动(web应用启动)会创建当前web应用里面每一个jar包里面ServerContainnerInitializer实例：
ServletContainerInitializer的实现放在jar包的META-INF/servies 文件下，有一个名为java
还可以使用@HandlesTypes,在应用启动的时候加载配置的类

流程：

启动Tomcat
D:\RepMaven\org\springframework\spring-web\5.2.8.RELEASE\spring-web-5.2.8.RELEASE.jar!\META-INF\services\javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer:

Spring的web模块里面的这个文件：org.springframework.web.SpringServletContainerInitializer
SpringServletContainerInitializer将@HandlesTypes(WebApplicationInitializer.class )标注的所有这个类型的类都传入onStratup方法的Setup方法的<Set>; 为这些WebApplicationInitializer类型的类创建实例：
每一个WebApplicaionInitialzer都调用自己的onStarup；

相当于我们的SpringBootServletInitalizer的创建对象，并执行onStarup方法
SpringBootServletInitializer实例执行onStartup的时候会createRootApplicationContext；创建容器

protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext) {
	//1、创建SpringApplicationBuilder
	SpringApplicationBuilder builder = createSpringApplicationBuilder();
	StandardServletEnvironment environment = new StandardServletEnvironment();
	environment.initPropertySources(servletContext, null);
	builder.environment(environment);
	builder.main(getClass());
	ApplicationContext parent = getExistingRootWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
	if (parent != null) {
		this.logger.info("Root context already created (using as parent).");
		servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, 	null);
		builder.initializers(new ParentContextApplicationContextInitializer(parent));
	} 
    builder.initializers(new ServletContextApplicationContextInitializer(servletContext));
	builder.contextClass(AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext.class);
	//调用configure方法，子类重写了这个方法，将SpringBoot的主程序类传入了进来
	builder = configure(builder);
	//使用builder创建一个Spring应用
	SpringApplication application = builder.build();
	if (application.getSources().isEmpty() && AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(getClass(), Configuration.class) != null) {
		application.getSources().add(getClass());
	} 
    Assert.state(!application.getSources().isEmpty(),
"No SpringApplication sources have been defined. Either override the "
+ "configure method or add an @Configuration annotation");
// Ensure error pages are registered
	if (this.registerErrorPageFilter) {
		application.getSources().add(ErrorPageFilterConfiguration.class);
	}
	//启动Spring应用
	return run(application);
}

Spring的应用就启动并且创建IOC容器

public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
	StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
	stopWatch.start();
	ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
	FailureAnalyzers analyzers = null;
	configureHeadlessProperty();
	SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
	listeners.starting();
	try {
        ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(args);
		ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners,applicationArguments);
		Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
		context = createApplicationContext();
		analyzers = new FailureAnalyzers(context);
		prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments,printedBanner);
		//刷新IOC容器
		refreshContext(context);
		afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
		listeners.finished(context, null);
		stopWatch.stop();
		if (this.logStartupInfo) {
			new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass).logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
		} 
        return context;
	} catch (Throwable ex) {
		handleRunFailure(context, listeners, analyzers, ex);
		throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
	}
}

xtApplicationContextInitializer(parent));
}
builder.initializers(new ServletContextApplicationContextInitializer(servletContext));
builder.contextClass(AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext.class);
//调用configure方法，子类重写了这个方法，将SpringBoot的主程序类传入了进来
builder = configure(builder);
//使用builder创建一个Spring应用
SpringApplication application = builder.build();
if (application.getSources().isEmpty() && AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(getClass(), Configuration.class) != null) {
application.getSources().add(getClass());
}
Assert.state(!application.getSources().isEmpty(),
"No SpringApplication sources have been defined. Either override the "

“configure method or add an @Configuration annotation”);
// Ensure error pages are registered
if (this.registerErrorPageFilter) {
application.getSources().add(ErrorPageFilterConfiguration.class);
}
//启动Spring应用
return run(application);
}


7. Spring的应用就启动并且创建IOC容器  

~~~java
public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
	StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
	stopWatch.start();
	ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
	FailureAnalyzers analyzers = null;
	configureHeadlessProperty();
	SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
	listeners.starting();
	try {
        ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(args);
		ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners,applicationArguments);
		Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);
		context = createApplicationContext();
		analyzers = new FailureAnalyzers(context);
		prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments,printedBanner);
		//刷新IOC容器
		refreshContext(context);
		afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);
		listeners.finished(context, null);
		stopWatch.stop();
		if (this.logStartupInfo) {
			new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass).logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);
		} 
        return context;
	} catch (Throwable ex) {
		handleRunFailure(context, listeners, analyzers, ex);
		throw new IllegalStateException(ex);
	}
}

启动Servlet容器，再启动SpringBoot应用