系列文章:
Java | Spring框架学习笔记–(1)工厂
Java | Spring框架学习笔记–(2)AOP
Java | Spring框架学习笔记–(3)持久层整合
Java | Spring框架学习笔记–(4)MVC框架整合
Java | Spring框架学习笔记–(5)注解编程
MVC框架整合
为什么要整合MVC框架?
- MVC框架提供了控制器(Controller)调用Service
- 请求响应的处理
- 接受请求参数 request.getParameter(" ")
- 控制程序的运行流程
- 视图解析(JSP、JSON、Freemarker、Thyemeleaf)
环境搭建
-
新建一个Maven的项目/模块,骨架选择列表里的webapp
-
导入依赖
<dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.11</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId> <version>2.3.1</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>5.3.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>5.3.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>5.3.1</version> </dependency>
Spring整合MVC框架核心思路
-
如何准备工厂?
//使用的是WebXmlApplicationContext而不再是ClassPathApplicationContext ApplicationContext applicationContext = new WebXmlApplicationContext("/applicationContext.xml")
-
如何保证工厂唯一、共用?
共用:把ApplicationContext存放在ServletContext域中
唯一:在ServletContext对象创建的同时创建ApplicationContext,因为ServletContext只会创建一次,所以ApplicationContext也就只有一个。使用ServletContextListener,就可以监听ServletContext的创建,把创建工厂的代码放在里面。
Spring已经封装了一个ContextLoaderListener,作用是为我们创建工厂并存放在ServletContext中。
ContextLoaderListener的使用方式:
由于他是一个监听器,所以在web.xml里配置即可。同时还要指定配置文件具体存放的位置!
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
在Controller中获取ApplicationContext:
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String hello(HttpServletRequest request){
ServletContext context = request.getServletContext();
ApplicationContext applicationContext = (ApplicationContext) context.getAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE);
System.out.println(applicationContext);
return "success";
}
附1:完整WEB-INF/web.xml配置
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app>
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<!-- SpringMVC的核心控制器 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- 配置Servlet的初始化参数,读取springmvc的配置文件,创建spring容器 -->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
<!-- 自动加载xml文件,只有这里配置了才会加载下面的xml文件 -->
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup><!-- 配置servlet启动时加载对象 -->
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<filter>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>
org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter
</filter-class>
<!-- 设置过滤器中的属性值 -->
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
<!-- 启动过滤器 -->
<init-param>
<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<!-- 过滤所有请求 -->
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!--以下是spring整合springmvc-->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
</web-app>
附2:完整springmvc.xml配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!-- 配置spring创建容器时要扫描的包 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.prince"></context:component-scan>
<!-- 配置视图解析器 -->
<!--视图类的方法,返回值是String的时候,会自动跳转到某个页面,看下面怎么配置-->
<bean id="viewResolver"
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"></property>
<!-- 跳转到的文件的所在目录 -->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
<!-- 文件后缀名 -->
</bean>
<!-- 配置spring开启注解mvc的支持-->
<mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
<!--
通过mvc:resources设置静态资源,这样servlet就会处理这些静态资源,而不通过控制器
设置不过滤内容,比如:css,js,img 等资源文件
location指的是本地的真实路径,mapping指的是映射到的虚拟路径。
**表示这个文件夹下的所有资源
-->
<mvc:resources mapping="/css/**" location="/css/"/>
<mvc:resources mapping="/images/**" location="/images/"/>
<mvc:resources mapping="/js/**" location="/js/"/>
<!--解决跨域问题-->
<mvc:cors>
<mvc:mapping path="/**"
allowed-origin-patterns="*"
allowed-methods="POST, GET, OPTIONS, DELETE, PUT,PATCH"
allowed-headers="Content-Type, Access-Control-Allow-Headers, Authorization, X-RequestedWith"
allow-credentials="true"/>
</mvc:cors>
</beans>