OpenGL实验1:基本图元的绘制

选修了图形学的结果,就是十一假期多出来两个实验🤣

下面这个代码仅仅是我参考别人博客的,不是提交的作业,因为没听过课所以放在这给大家入门食用哈~

/*
* 本次实验要求实现:
*      点、线、圆形、多边形的绘制以及基本的着色
*/

#include <gl\glut.h>

void draw()
{
    glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

    //绘制


    //红色画点
    glColor3f(1.0, 0.0, 0.0); 
    glBegin(GL_POINTS);
    glVertex2f(0.0, 0.0);
    glVertex2f(0.1, 0.1);
    glVertex2f(0.1, 0.2);
    glVertex2f(0.1, 0.3);
    glVertex2f(0.1, 0.4);
    glEnd();

    //绿色画线
    glColor3f(0.0, 1.0, 0.0); 
    glBegin(GL_LINES);
    glVertex2f(0.0, 0.0);
    glVertex2f(0.0, -0.1);
    glVertex2f(-0.1, 0.0);
    glVertex2f(-0.1, -0.1);
    glEnd();

    //蓝色画相邻点相连,首尾不连的线
    glColor3f(0.0, 0.0, 1.0); 
    glBegin(GL_LINE_STRIP);
    glVertex2f(-0.2, 0.0);
    glVertex2f(-0.2, -0.1);
    glVertex2f(-0.3, 0.0);
    glVertex2f(-0.3, -0.1);
    glEnd();

    //粉色画相邻点相连,首尾连的线
    glColor3f(1.0, 0.5, 0.5); 
    glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP);
    glVertex2f(-0.4, 0.0);
    glVertex2f(-0.4, -0.1);
    glVertex2f(-0.5, 0.0);
    glVertex2f(-0.5, -0.1);
    glEnd();

    //橘黄色画填充面
    glColor3f(1.0, 0.5, 0.25); 
    glBegin(GL_POLYGON);
    glVertex2f(-0.1, 0.1);
    glVertex2f(-0.2, 0.1);
    glVertex2f(-0.3, 0.3);
    glVertex2f(-0.2, 0.5);
    glVertex2f(-0.1, 0.3);
    glEnd();

    //碧蓝色画填充面,每四个点画一个四边形,相邻不连接
    glColor3f(0.0, 1.0, 1.0); 
    glBegin(GL_QUADS);
    glVertex2f(-0.3, 0.1);
    glVertex2f(-0.4, 0.1);
    glVertex2f(-0.5, 0.3);
    glVertex2f(-0.4, 0.5);
    glVertex2f(-0.5, 0.1);
    glVertex2f(-0.6, 0.1);
    glVertex2f(-0.7, 0.3);
    glVertex2f(-0.6, 0.5);
    glEnd();

    //彩色画填充面,每两个点构成一条线,每两个线构成一个四边形
    glBegin(GL_QUAD_STRIP);
    //线1
    glColor3f(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
    glVertex2f(-0.3, 0.6);
    glVertex2f(-0.2, 0.8);
    //线2
    glColor3f(0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
    glVertex2f(-0.4, 0.6);
    glVertex2f(-0.5, 0.9);
    //线3
    glColor3f(0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
    glVertex2f(-0.5, 0.5);
    glVertex2f(-0.7, 0.7);
    glEnd();

    //褐色填充三角形(将每三个点围成的三角形进行填充,相邻的点之间不填充)
    glColor3f(0.5, 0.25, 0.0); 
    glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);
    glVertex2f(0.2, 0.1);
    glVertex2f(0.3, 0.2);
    glVertex2f(0.4, 0.1);
    glVertex2f(0.5, 0.1);
    glVertex2f(0.6, 0.3);
    glVertex2f(0.7, 0.1);
    glEnd();

    //白色填充三角形(将每三个点围成的三角形进行填充,相邻的点之间填充)
    glColor3f(1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
    glBegin(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP);
    glVertex2f(0.2, 0.4);
    glVertex2f(0.3, 0.7);
    glVertex2f(0.4, 0.4);
    glVertex2f(0.5, 0.8);
    glVertex2f(0.6, 0.4);
    glEnd();

    //淡蓝色填充三角形(将每三个点围成的三角形进行填充,相邻的点之间填充)
    glColor3f(0.5, 0.5, 1.0);
    glBegin(GL_TRIANGLE_FAN);
    glVertex2f(0.2, -0.2);
    glVertex2f(0.2, -0.5);
    glVertex2f(0.3, -0.4);
    glVertex2f(0.4, -0.3);
    glVertex2f(0.3, -0.1);
    glEnd();

	//这是另一段代码
	glColor3f(1.0,0.0,0.0); //设置颜色为红 RGB(255,0,0)

     glPointSize( 10 );//设置点的大小为10
     glBegin( GL_POINTS); //画点
         glVertex2i(0,1); //起始点
         glVertex2i(0,-1); //终结点
     glEnd(); 

     glColor3f(0.0,1.0,0.0); //设置颜色为绿色

     glLineWidth( 6 );//设置线的宽度为6
     glBegin( GL_LINES); //画线
         glVertex2i(1,1); //起始线段
         glColor3f(0.0,1.0,1.0); //设置颜色为青绿
         glVertex2i(-1,-1); //终止线段
         glColor3f(1.0,1.0,0.0); //设置颜色为黄
         glVertex2i(1,-1); //起始线段
         glColor3f(1.0,0.0,1.0); //设置颜色为紫红
         glVertex2i(-1,1); //终止线段
     glEnd(); 

    glFlush();
}

void reshape(int x, int y)
{
    int dis = x > y ? y : x; //取小的
    glViewport(0, 0, dis, dis);
}

void main()
{
    glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGBA);
    glutInitWindowPosition(0, 0);
    glutInitWindowSize(500, 500);
    glutCreateWindow("绘制点、线、面");
    glutDisplayFunc(draw);
    glutReshapeFunc(reshape);
    glutMainLoop();
}

绘制点

首先我们来画点

	//绘制点
	glColor3f(1.0,0.8,0.0);//设置颜色:黄色的点
	glPointSize(8);//设置点的大小
	glBegin(GL_POINTS);//画点
		glVertex2i(0,0.5);//起始点
	glEnd();

绘制直线

 //绘制线段
	glLineWidth(5);//设置线的宽度为5
	glBegin(GL_LINES);//画线
	     //定义起始点
		glColor3f(0.0,0.8,0.2);//设置颜色为绿
		glVertex3f(0.25,0.25,0);
		 //定义终点
		glColor3f(1.0,1.0,0.0); //设置颜色为黄
		glVertex3f(0.85,0.25,0);
		//函数默认会将两个点连起来
	glEnd();

绘制多边形

这边给出两套代码,看看就会哦

//绘制多边形并着色
	//彩色画填充面,每两个点构成一条线,每两个线构成一个四边形
    glBegin(GL_QUAD_STRIP);
    //线1
    glColor3f(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
    glVertex2f(-0.3, 0.6);
    glVertex2f(-0.2, 0.8);
    //线2
    glColor3f(0.5, 0.2, 0.0);
    glVertex2f(-0.2, 0.6);
    glVertex2f(-0.5, 0.9);
    //线3
    glColor3f(0.2, 0.5, 1.0);
    glVertex2f(-0.1, 0.5);
    glVertex2f(-0.11, 0.7);
    glEnd();

	//
	//橘黄色画填充面
    glColor3f(1.0, 0.5, 0.25); 
    glBegin(GL_POLYGON);
	glColor3f(1.0, 0.5, 0.25); 
    glVertex2f(-0.1, 0.1);
    glVertex2f(-0.2, 0.1);
	glColor3f(1.0, 1.0, 0.25); 
    glVertex2f(-0.3, 0.3);
    glVertex2f(-0.4, 0.5);
	glColor3f(1.0, 0.5, 0.25); 
    glVertex2f(-0.5, 0.3);
    glEnd();

除了圆之外的完整代码

/*
* 本次实验要求实现:
*      点、线、圆形、多边形的绘制以及基本的着色
*/

#include <gl\glut.h>
#include<math.h>

void draw()
{
    glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

    //绘制
	
	//绘制点
	glColor3f(1.0,0.8,0.0);//设置颜色:黄色的点
	glPointSize(8);//设置点的大小
	glBegin(GL_POINTS);//画点
		glVertex2i(0,0.5);//起始点
	glEnd();

    //绘制线段
	glLineWidth(5);//设置线的宽度为5
	glBegin(GL_LINES);//画线
	     //定义起始点
		glColor3f(0.0,0.8,0.2);//设置颜色为绿
		glVertex3f(0.25,0.25,0);
		 //定义终点
		glColor3f(1.0,1.0,0.0); //设置颜色为黄
		glVertex3f(0.85,0.25,0);
		//函数默认会将两个点连起来
	glEnd();


	//绘制多边形并着色
	//彩色画填充面,每两个点构成一条线,每两个线构成一个四边形
    glBegin(GL_QUAD_STRIP);
    //线1
    glColor3f(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
    glVertex2f(-0.3, 0.6);
    glVertex2f(-0.2, 0.8);
    //线2
    glColor3f(0.5, 0.2, 0.0);
    glVertex2f(-0.2, 0.6);
    glVertex2f(-0.5, 0.9);
    //线3
    glColor3f(0.2, 0.5, 1.0);
    glVertex2f(-0.1, 0.5);
    glVertex2f(-0.11, 0.7);
    glEnd();

	//
	//橘黄色画填充面
    glColor3f(1.0, 0.5, 0.25); 
    glBegin(GL_POLYGON);
	glColor3f(1.0, 0.5, 0.25); 
    glVertex2f(-0.1, 0.1);
    glVertex2f(-0.2, 0.1);
	glColor3f(1.0, 1.0, 0.25); 
    glVertex2f(-0.3, 0.3);
    glVertex2f(-0.4, 0.5);
	glColor3f(1.0, 0.5, 0.25); 
    glVertex2f(-0.5, 0.3);
    glEnd();






	 glFlush();

  


}

void reshape(int x, int y)
{
    int dis = x > y ? y : x; //取小的
    glViewport(0, 0, dis, dis);
}

void main()
{
    glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGBA);//设置显示方式
    glutInitWindowPosition(0, 0);//指定窗口位置
    glutInitWindowSize(500, 500);//指定窗口大小
    glutCreateWindow("绘制点、线、圆、多边形");
	
    glutDisplayFunc(draw);//执行绘图函数
    glutReshapeFunc(reshape);
    glutMainLoop();//显示窗口,关闭窗口时跳出循环

}

关于画圆

也不知道是不是我的配置的问题,好几个博客的代码利用将圆弧划分成若干点的代码我这边都是报错

破案了:是因为别人用的是CPP我用的是C,大概吧……
换了语言之后跑通了

实验一最终提交版本

后来发现原来可以用c++调用opengl,被老师的文档坑惨啦😅

#include <gl\glut.h> 
#include "math.h"
#include <iostream>
 /*
实验一:
完成基本图形的绘制

*/
using namespace std;
 
int n=3600;  //圆绘制次数
float PI=3.1415926f;
float R=0.1f;  //半径
 
void myDisplay(void)    
{ 
	glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);    
	glClearColor(0,0,0,0);
	glColor4f(0,0,1,0);


	//绘制点
	glColor3f(1.0,0.8,0.0);//设置颜色:黄色的点
	glPointSize(5);//设置点的大小
	glBegin(GL_POINTS);//画点
		glVertex2f(-1,-1);
		glVertex2f(-0.90,-0.8);
		glVertex2f(-0.8,-0.9);
		glVertex2f(-0.85,-0.9);
		glVertex2f(-0.8,-0.95);
		glVertex2f(-0.89,-0.96);
		glVertex2f(-0.70,-0.8);
		glVertex2f(-0.8,-0.7);
		glVertex2f(-0.85,-0.75);
		glVertex2f(-0.75,-0.95);
		glVertex2f(-0.89,-0.96);
	glEnd();

    //绘制线段
	glLineWidth(5);//设置线的宽度为5
	glBegin(GL_LINES);//画线
	     //定义起始点
		glColor3f(0.0,0.8,0.2);//设置颜色为绿
		glVertex3f(0.25,0.25,0);
		 //定义终点
		glColor3f(1.0,1.0,0.0); //设置颜色为黄
		glVertex3f(0.85,0.25,0);
		//函数默认会将两个点连起来
	glEnd();


	//绘制多边形并着色
	//彩色画填充面,每两个点构成一条线,每两个线构成一个四边形
    glBegin(GL_QUAD_STRIP);
    //线1
    glColor3f(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
    glVertex2f(-0.3, 0.6);
    glVertex2f(-0.2, 0.8);
    //线2
    glColor3f(0.5, 0.2, 0.0);
    glVertex2f(-0.2, 0.6);
    glVertex2f(-0.5, 0.9);
    //线3
    glColor3f(0.2, 0.5, 1.0);
    glVertex2f(-0.1, 0.5);
    glVertex2f(-0.11, 0.7);
    glEnd();

	//
	//橘黄色画填充面
    glColor3f(1.0, 0.5, 0.25); 
    glBegin(GL_POLYGON);
	glColor3f(1.0, 0.5, 0.25); 
    glVertex2f(-0.1, 0.1);
    glVertex2f(-0.2, 0.1);
	glColor3f(1.0, 1.0, 0.25); 
    glVertex2f(-0.3, 0.3);
    glVertex2f(-0.4, 0.5);
	glColor3f(1.0, 0.5, 0.25); 
    glVertex2f(-0.5, 0.3);
    glEnd();




	//画圆
	glColor4f(0,0,1,0);
	glBegin(GL_POLYGON);
	for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
	{
		glVertex2f(R*cos(2*PI*i/n),R*sin(2*PI*i/n));   //定义顶点
	}
	glEnd();
	glFlush();
 

}  
 
int main(int argc, char *argv[])    
{    
	glutInit(&argc, argv);   //初始化GLUT
	glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGB | GLUT_SINGLE);  
	glutInitWindowPosition(100, 100);    
	glutInitWindowSize(400, 400);    
	glutCreateWindow("高宏艳 实验一");   
	glutDisplayFunc(&myDisplay);   //回调函数 
	glutMainLoop();    //持续显示,当窗口改变会重新绘制图形
	  
}  

乱写的茶壶的梦境啊哈哈

/*
绘制三维图形,
实现他们的旋转、缩放和平移
*/
#include <windows.h>
#include <gl/gl.h>
#include <gl/glu.h>
#include <gl/glut.h>
#include <math.h>



// 旋转参数
static GLfloat xRot = 0.0f;
static GLfloat yRot = 0.0f;


// 绘制函数
void RenderScene(void)
//绘制的思路:梦里一只红色的茶壶周围绕着黄色小茶壶
	{
	// 绕原子核的角度
	static float fElect1 = 0.0f;

	// 默认颜色请空窗口
	glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

	// 重置模型视图矩阵
	glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
	glLoadIdentity();

    //初始化
	//glTranslatef:定义一个平移矩阵,该矩阵与当前矩阵相乘,使后续的图形进行平移变换
	glTranslatef(0.0f, 0.0f, -100.0f);	

	// 红色的电子
	glColor3ub(255, 0, 0);
	//glutSolidSphere(10.0f, 15, 15);
	glutSolidTeapot(20);//绘制实心茶壶

	// 黄色电子
	glColor3ub(255,255,0);

	// First Electron Orbit
	// Save viewing transformation
	glPushMatrix();

	// Rotate by angle of revolution
	glRotatef(fElect1, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);

	// Translate out from origin to orbit distance
	glTranslatef(90.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);

	// Draw the electron
	//glutSolidSphere(6.0f, 15, 15);
	glutSolidTeapot(8);
    

	// Restore the viewing transformation
	glPopMatrix();

	// Second Electron Orbit
	glPushMatrix();
	glRotatef(45.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
	glRotatef(fElect1, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
	glTranslatef(-70.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
	glutSolidSphere(6.0f, 15, 15);
	glPopMatrix();


	// Third Electron Orbit
	glPushMatrix();
	glRotatef(360.0f-45.0f,0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
	glRotatef(fElect1, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
	glTranslatef(0.0f, 0.0f, 60.0f);
	glutSolidSphere(6.0f, 15, 15);
	glPopMatrix();


	// Increment the angle of revolution
	fElect1 += 10.0f;
	if(fElect1 > 360.0f)
		fElect1 = 0.0f;

	// Show the image
	glutSwapBuffers();
	}


// This function does any needed initialization on the rendering
// context. 
void SetupRC()
	{
	glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);	// Hidden surface removal
	glFrontFace(GL_CCW);		// Counter clock-wise polygons face out
	glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE);		// Do not calculate inside of jet

	// Black background
	glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f );	
    }

void SpecialKeys(int key, int x, int y)
	{
	if(key == GLUT_KEY_UP)
		xRot-= 5.0f;

	if(key == GLUT_KEY_DOWN)
		xRot += 5.0f;

	if(key == GLUT_KEY_LEFT)
		yRot -= 5.0f;

	if(key == GLUT_KEY_RIGHT)
		yRot += 5.0f;

	if(xRot > 356.0f)
		xRot = 0.0f;

	if(xRot < -1.0f)
		xRot = 355.0f;

	if(yRot > 356.0f)
		yRot = 0.0f;

	if(yRot < -1.0f)
		yRot = 355.0f;

	// Refresh the Window
	glutPostRedisplay();
	}

void TimerFunc(int value)
    {
    glutPostRedisplay();
    glutTimerFunc(100, TimerFunc, 1);
    }


void ChangeSize(int w, int h)
	{
	GLfloat nRange = 100.0f;

	// Prevent a divide by zero
	if(h == 0)
		h = 1;

	// Set Viewport to window dimensions
    glViewport(0, 0, w, h);


	// Reset coordinate system
	glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
	glLoadIdentity();

	// Establish clipping volume (left, right, bottom, top, near, far)
    if (w <= h) 
		glOrtho (-nRange, nRange, nRange*h/w, -nRange*h/w, -nRange*2.0f, nRange*2.0f);
    else 
		glOrtho (-nRange*w/h, nRange*w/h, nRange, -nRange, -nRange*2.0f, nRange*2.0f);

	glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
	glLoadIdentity();
  	}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
	{
	glutInit(&argc, argv);
	glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DEPTH);
	glutCreateWindow("OpenGL Atom");
	glutReshapeFunc(ChangeSize);
	glutSpecialFunc(SpecialKeys);
	glutDisplayFunc(RenderScene);
    glutTimerFunc(500, TimerFunc, 1);
	SetupRC();
	glutMainLoop();

	return 0;
	}

关于一些三维图形自带的绘制方法

三维图形链接

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