rust的demo

特征使用示例1：

use std::ops::Add;
//直接输出Point的值
#[derive(Debug)]
struct Point<T: Add<Output = T>> {
    x: T,
    y: T,
}
//为Point实现Add trait
impl<T:Add<T,Output=T>> Add for Point<T>{
   type Output=Point<T>;
   fn add(self,p:Point<T>)->Point<T>{
      Point { x:self.x+p.x, y:self.y+p.y }
   }
}
fn add<T:Add<T,Output=T>>(a:T,b:T)->T{
   a+b
}
fn main(){
   let p1=Point { x:1, y:2 };
   let p2=Point { x:3, y:4 };
   // let p3=p1+p2;
   // println!("p3.x={},p3.y={}",p3.x,p3.y);
   println!("p3={:?}",add(p1,p2));
}

特征重写内置的Display

//实际生产中需要自定义输出
use std::fmt;
use std::fmt::{Display};

#[derive(Debug,PartialEq)]
enum FileState{
    Open,
    Closed,
}
#[derive(Debug)]
struct File{
   name:String,
   data:Vec<u8>,
   state:FileState,
}

impl Display for FileState{
   fn fmt(&self,f:&mut fmt::Formatter)->fmt::Result{
      //模式匹配
      match *self{
         FileState::Open=>write!(f,"Open"),
         FileState::Closed=>write!(f,"Closed"),
      }
   }
}

impl Display for File{
   fn fmt(&self,f:&mut fmt::Formatter)->fmt::Result{
      write!(f,"rewrite    <{} ({})>",
      self.name,self.state)
   }
}
impl File{
   fn new(name:&str)->File{
      File{
         name:String::from(name),
         data:Vec::new(),
         state:FileState::Closed,
      }
   }
}

fn main(){
   let file=File::new("fistrust/src/main.rs");
   println!("{:?}",file);
   println!("{}",file);
}