神奇的伪类选择器focus-within

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-06 13:16:02 发布

妙趣前端

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-06 13:16:02 发布

阅读量597

点赞数 1

分类专栏： CSS web 干货文章标签： css3 html css

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_45768871/article/details/113007285

版权

web 同时被 3 个专栏收录

84 篇文章 4 订阅

订阅专栏

干货

40 篇文章 1 订阅

订阅专栏

CSS

25 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

作者：晴栀Sunset

良辰难再，人生中大好时刻，不要再去旧梦重圆。

公众号链接：神奇的focus-within

在这里插入图片描述

文章目录

神奇的伪类选择器focus-within
:focus-within 的冒泡性
举个例子
冒泡案例
感知用户的点击事件
案例一
案例二

配合 :placeholder-shown 伪类实现表单效果
兼容性
案例

综合案例导航
如何使div聚焦
tabindex

总结

神奇的伪类选择器focus-within

:focus-within是一个CSS 伪类，表示一个元素获得焦点，或，该元素的后代元素获得焦点。换句话说，元素自身或者它的某个后代匹配 :focus 伪类。（shadow DOM 树中的后代也包括在内）

该选择器非常实用。举个通俗的例子：表单中的某个<input>字段获得焦点时，整个表单的<form> 元素都可被高亮。

:focus-within 的冒泡性

这个属性有点类似 Javascript 的事件冒泡，从可获焦元素开始一直冒泡到根元素 html，都可以接收触发 :focus-within事件，

举个例子

HTML

<p>试试在这个表单中输入点什么。</p>

<form>
  <label for="given_name">Given Name:</label>
  <input id="given_name" type="text">
  <br>
  <label for="family_name">Family Name:</label>
  <input id="family_name" type="text">
</form>

CSS

form {
  border: 1px solid;
  color: gray;
  padding: 4px;
}

form:focus-within {
  background: #ff8;
  color: black;
}

input {
  margin: 4px;
}

输入未框聚焦

输入框聚焦

冒泡案例

在这里插入图片描述

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>focus-within</title>
    <style>
        html,
        body,
        .g-father,
        .g-children {
            padding: 30px;
            border: 1px solid #999;
        }
        
        input {
            display: block;
            border: none;
            outline: none;
            background: none;
            border: 1px solid #333;
            cursor: pointer;
            margin: 0 auto;
        }
        
        input:focus {
            background: #00bcd4;
        }
        
        html:focus-within {
            background: #ddd;
        }
        
        body:focus-within {
            background: #ff5722;
        }
        
        .g-father:focus-within {
            background: #ffeb3b;
        }
        
        .g-children:focus-within {
            background: #4caf50;
        }
        /* 以下是修改文字样式 */
        
        .g-html,
        .g-body,
        .g-fath,
        .g-chil {
            position: fixed;
        }
        
        .g-html {
            left: 30px;
            top: 10px;
        }
        
        .g-body {
            left: 60px;
            top: 40px;
        }
        
        .g-fath {
            top: 70px;
            left: 90px;
        }
        
        .g-chil {
            top: 100px;
            left: 120px;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div class="g-father">
        <div class="g-children">
            <input type="button" value="Button">
        </div>
    </div>

    <!-- 四个角文字 -->
    <div class="g-html">HTML</div>
    <div class="g-body">BODY</div>
    <div class="g-fath">Father</div>
    <div class="g-chil">Children</div>
</body>

</html>

感知用户的点击事件

案例一

它或它的后代获得焦点，这一点使得让感知获焦区域变得更大，所以，最常规的用法就是使用 :focus-within 感应用户操作聚焦区域，高亮提醒。

我们无须去给获焦的元素设置 :focus 伪类，而是可以给需要的父元素设置，这样当元素获焦时，我可以一并控制它的父元素的样式

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>focus-within</title>
    <style>
        * {
            font-family: "Work Sans", sans-serif;
            box-sizing: border-box;
        }
        
        html,
        body {
            display: flex;
            width: 100%;
            height: 100%;
            align-items: center;
            justify-content: center;
            flex-direction: column;
        }
        
        .g-container {
            padding: 10px;
            border: 1px solid #eee;
            transition: all .3s;
        }
        
        .g-username {
            padding: 15px;
            transition: 0.3s;
        }
        
        .g_input {
            border: none;
            outline: none;
            width: 20vw;
            padding: 15px;
            font-size: 18px;
            box-sizing: border-box;
            border: 1px solid #ddd;
            overflow: hidden;
            transition: 0.3s;
        }
        
        .g_input:focus {
            border-color: hsl(199, 98%, 48%);
        }
        
        p {
            display: none;
            text-indent: 0px;
            color: red;
            padding: 10px 0;
        }
        /* 聚焦改变父类元素 */
        
        .g-container:focus-within {
            transform: translateY(-4px);
            /* background: hsla(199, 98%, 48%, .2); */
            box-shadow: 0 0 10px #ddd;
            border-color: hsl(199, 98%, 48%);
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>

    <div class="g-container">
        <div class="g-username">
            <input type="text" placeholder="user name" class="g_input">
        </div>
        <div class="g-username">
            <input type="text" placeholder="code" class="g_input">
        </div>
    </div>
</body>

</html>

案例二

运用上面思想，我们可以把效果做的更炫一点点，在某些场景制作一些增强用户体验的效果：

边框阴影可以移步：CSS边框动画: https://t.1yb.co/fKm8

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>focus-within</title>
    <style>
        .g-container {
            width: 300px;
            margin: 50px auto;
        }
        
        p {
            line-height: 1.4;
            padding-left: 40px;
        }
        
        input {
            position: absolute;
            border: none;
            outline: none;
            background: none;
            width: 20px;
            height: 20px;
            border-radius: 50%;
            border: 1px solid #aaa;
            box-sizing: border-box;
            top: 50%;
            left: 10px;
            transform: translate(0, -50%);
            cursor: pointer;
        }
        
        .g-section {
            position: relative;
            padding: 10px;
            box-sizing: border-box;
            border: 1px solid transparent;
        }
        
        .g-section:focus-within {
            background: linear-gradient(90deg, #03a9f4 50%, transparent 0) repeat-x, linear-gradient(90deg, #03a9f4 50%, transparent 0) repeat-x, linear-gradient(0deg, #03a9f4 50%, transparent 0) repeat-y, linear-gradient(0deg, #03a9f4 50%, transparent 0) repeat-y;
            background-size: 8px 1px, 8px 1px, 1px 8px, 1px 8px;
            background-position: 0 0, 0 100%, 0 0, 100% 0;
            animation: linearGradientMove .5s infinite linear;
        }
        
        input:focus-within {
            background: #03a9f4;
        }
        
        @keyframes linearGradientMove {
            100% {
                background-position: 6% 0, -6% 100%, 0 -6%, 100% 6%;
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div class="g-container">
        <div class="g-section">
            <input type="button">
            <p>
                :focus-within 是一个CSS 伪类 ，表示一个元素获得焦点，或，该元素的后代元素获得焦点。换句话说，元素自身或者它的某个后代匹配:focus伪类。
            </p>
        </div>
        <div class="g-section">
            <input type="button">
            <p>
                :focus-within 是一个CSS 伪类 ，表示一个元素获得焦点，或，该元素的后代元素获得焦点。换句话说，元素自身或者它的某个后代匹配:focus伪类。
            </p>
        </div>
        <div class="g-section">
            <input type="button">
            <p>
                :focus-within 是一个CSS 伪类 ，表示一个元素获得焦点，或，该元素的后代元素获得焦点。换句话说，元素自身或者它的某个后代匹配:focus伪类。
            </p>
        </div>
    </div>
</body>

</html>

配合 :placeholder-shown 伪类实现表单效果

:placeholder-shownCSS 伪类在·<input>或<textarea> 元素显示 placeholder text 时生效.

超出文本
在分辨率较小的设备上, 输入框或者其他表单控件可能会变的很窄. 这个选择器可以使得占位符文本缩短. 这个选择器经常和·text-overflow一起使用.

html

<input placeholder="Enter something into this field, if you please!">

css

input:placeholder-shown {
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
}

兼容性

案例

简单来说，当 input类型标签使用了 placeholder属性有了默认占位的文字，会触发此伪类样式。配合:not()伪类，可以再改变当默认文字消失后的样式，再配合本文的主角，我们可以实现表单的一系列效果。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>placeholder-shown</title>
    <style>
        .g-container {
            position: relative;
            margin: 100px auto;
            display: flex;
            flex-wrap: wrap;
            width: 500px;
            height: 60px;
            overflow: hidden;
            transition: 0.3s;
        }
        
        .g-container>* {
            border: none;
            outline: none;
        }
        
        .g_input_search {
            padding: 0 15px;
            height: 100%;
            width: 100%;
            border: 1px solid #ddd;
            font-size: 18px;
            box-sizing: border-box;
        }
        /* 控制按钮显示，失去placeholder-shown */
        
        .g_input_search:not(:placeholder-shown)+.g_button_search {
            border: 1px solid #03a9f4;
            opacity: 1;
        }
        /* 控制按钮隐藏 ，placeholder-shown */
        
        .g_input_search:placeholder-shown+.g_button_search {
            opacity: 0;
        }
        
        .g_button_search {}
        
        .g_button_search {
            background: #03a9f4;
            color: #feffd4;
            font-size: 15px;
            cursor: pointer;
            width: 100px;
            height: calc(100% - 20px);
            transition: 0.3s;
            position: absolute;
            right: 10px;
            top: 10px;
        }
        /* 控制整个盒子阴影 */
        
        .g-container:focus-within {
            transform: translateY(-4px);
            border-color: #bbb;
            box-shadow: 4px 4px 10px 2px #ddd;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div class="g-container">
        <input type="text" placeholder="输入你想查询的内容" class="g_input_search">
        <button type="button" class="g_button_search">GO</button>
    </div>
</body>

</html>

综合案例导航

在这里插入图片描述

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
    <style>
        @import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Encode+Sans+Condensed:400,600');
        * {
            outline: none;
        }
        
        strong {
            font-weight: 600;
        }
        
        .page {
            width: 100%;
            height: 100vh;
            background: #fdfdfd;
            font-family: 'Encode Sans Condensed', sans-serif;
            font-weight: 600;
            letter-spacing: .03em;
            color: #212121;
        }
        
        header {
            display: flex;
            position: fixed;
            width: 100%;
            height: 70px;
            background: #212121;
            color: #fff;
            justify-content: center;
            align-items: center;
            -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);
        }
        
        main {
            padding: 70px 20px 0;
            display: flex;
            flex-direction: column;
            height: 100%;
        }
        
        main>div {
            margin: auto;
            max-width: 600px;
        }
        
        main h2 span {
            color: #BF7497;
        }
        
        main p {
            line-height: 1.5;
            font-weight: 200;
            margin: 20px 0;
        }
        
        main small {
            font-weight: 300;
            color: #888;
        }
        
        #nav-container {
            position: fixed;
            height: 100vh;
            width: 100%;
            pointer-events: none;
        }
        
        #nav-container .bg {
            position: absolute;
            top: 70px;
            left: 0;
            width: 100%;
            height: calc(100% - 70px);
            visibility: hidden;
            opacity: 0;
            transition: .3s;
            background: #000;
        }
        
        #nav-container:focus-within .bg {
            visibility: visible;
            opacity: .6;
        }
        
        #nav-container * {
            visibility: visible;
        }
        
        .button {
            position: relative;
            display: flex;
            flex-direction: column;
            justify-content: center;
            z-index: 1;
            -webkit-appearance: none;
            border: 0;
            background: transparent;
            border-radius: 0;
            height: 70px;
            width: 30px;
            cursor: pointer;
            pointer-events: auto;
            margin-left: 25px;
            touch-action: manipulation;
            -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);
        }
        
        .icon-bar {
            display: block;
            width: 100%;
            height: 3px;
            background: #aaa;
            transition: .3s;
        }
        
        .icon-bar+.icon-bar {
            margin-top: 5px;
        }
        
        #nav-container:focus-within .button {
            pointer-events: none;
        }
        
        #nav-container:focus-within .icon-bar:nth-of-type(1) {
            transform: translate3d(0, 8px, 0) rotate(45deg);
        }
        
        #nav-container:focus-within .icon-bar:nth-of-type(2) {
            opacity: 0;
        }
        
        #nav-container:focus-within .icon-bar:nth-of-type(3) {
            transform: translate3d(0, -8px, 0) rotate(-45deg);
        }
        
        #nav-content {
            margin-top: 70px;
            padding: 20px;
            width: 90%;
            max-width: 300px;
            position: absolute;
            top: 0;
            left: 0;
            height: calc(100% - 70px);
            background: #ececec;
            pointer-events: auto;
            -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);
            transform: translateX(-100%);
            transition: transform .3s;
            will-change: transform;
            contain: paint;
        }
        
        #nav-content ul {
            height: 100%;
            display: flex;
            flex-direction: column;
        }
        
        #nav-content li a {
            padding: 10px 5px;
            display: block;
            text-transform: uppercase;
            transition: color .1s;
        }
        
        #nav-content li a:hover {
            color: #BF7497;
        }
        
        #nav-content li:not(.small)+.small {
            margin-top: auto;
        }
        
        .small {
            display: flex;
            align-self: center;
        }
        
        .small a {
            font-size: 12px;
            font-weight: 400;
            color: #888;
        }
        
        .small a+a {
            margin-left: 15px;
        }
        
        #nav-container:focus-within #nav-content {
            transform: none;
        }
        
        * {
            box-sizing: border-box;
            margin: 0;
            padding: 0;
        }
        
        html,
        body {
            height: 100%;
        }
        
        a,
        a:visited,
        a:focus,
        a:active,
        a:link {
            text-decoration: none;
            outline: 0;
        }
        
        a {
            color: currentColor;
            transition: .2s ease-in-out;
        }
        
        h1,
        h2,
        h3,
        h4 {
            margin: 0;
        }
        
        ul {
            padding: 0;
            list-style: none;
        }
        
        img {
            vertical-align: middle;
            height: auto;
            width: 100%;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div class="page">
        <!-- 使用tabindex 使div成为可聚焦状态 -->
        <header tabindex="0">Header</header>
        <div id="nav-container">
            <div class="bg"></div>
            <div class="button" tabindex="0">
                <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                <span class="icon-bar"></span>
            </div>
            <div id="nav-content" tabindex="0">
                <ul>
                    <li><a href="#0">Home</a></li>
                    <li><a href="#0">Services</a></li>
                    <li><a href="#0">Blog</a></li>
                    <li><a href="#0">About</a></li>
                    <li><a href="#0">Contact</a></li>
                    <li class="small"><a href="#0">Facebook</a><a href="#0">Instagram</a></li>
                </ul>
            </div>
        </div>

        <main>
            <div class="content">
                <h2>Off-screen navigation using <span>:focus-within</span></h2>
                <p>Adding yet another pure CSS technique to the list of off-screen navigation by "hacking" the :focus-within pseudo-class. Have a look at the code to see how it works.</p>
                <small><strong>NB!</strong> Use a browser that supports :focus-within</small>
            </div>
        </main>
    </div>
</body>

</html>

如何使div聚焦

tabindex

tabindex 全局属性 指示其元素是否可以聚焦，以及它是否/在何处参与顺序键盘导航（通常使用Tab键，因此得名）。

它接受一个整数作为值，具有不同的结果，具体取决于整数的值：

tabindex=负值 (通常是tabindex=“-1”)，表示元素是可聚焦的，但是不能通过键盘导航来访问到该元素，用JS做页面小组件内部键盘导航的时候非常有用。
tabindex=“0” ，表示元素是可聚焦的，并且可以通过键盘导航来聚焦到该元素，它的相对顺序是当前处于的DOM结构来决定的。
tabindex=正值，表示元素是可聚焦的，并且可以通过键盘导航来访问到该元素；它的相对顺序按照tabindex 的数值递增而滞后获焦。如果多个元素拥有相同的 tabindex，它们的相对顺序按照他们在当前DOM中的先后顺序决定。

根据键盘序列导航的顺序，值为 0 、非法值、或者没有 tabindex 值的元素应该放置在 tabindex 值为正值的元素后面。

兼容性

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>
    <style>
        .output {
            font: .9rem 'Fira Sans', sans-serif;
        }
        
        p {
            font-style: italic;
        }
        
        div,
        label {
            display: block;
            letter-spacing: .5px;
            margin-bottom: 1rem;
        }
        
        div:focus {
            font-weight: bold;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <p>Click anywhere in this pane, then try tabbing through the elements.</p>
    <label>First in tab order:<input type="text"></label>
    <div tabindex="0">Tabbable due to tabindex.</div>
    <div tabindex="1">Tabbable due to tabindex.</div>
    <div>Not tabbable: no tabindex.</div>
    <label>Third in tab order:<input type="text"></label>

</body>

</html>