HttpServletRequest类
1)HttpServletRequest类有什么作用?
每次只要有请求进入Servlet服务器,Tomcat服务器就会把请求过来的HTTP协议信息解析好封装到Request对象中。然后传到service方法(doGet和doPost)中,我们可以通过HttpServletRequest对象,获取到所有请求的信息。
2)HttpRequest类的常用方法
1 getRequestURI()获取请求的资源路径
(仅有路径)
2 getRequestURL()获取请求的统一资源定位符(绝对路径)
(整个可以访问的路径)
3 getRemoteHost()获取客户端的ip地址
4 getHeader()获取请求头
(参数:之前说的请求头名字)
5 getParameter()获取请求的参数
6 getParameterValues()获取请求的参数(多个值)(参数是参数名)
7 getMethod()获取请求的方式 (GET或者POST)
8 setAttribute (key,value);设置域数据
9 getAttribute(key)
10 getRequestDispatcher( ) 获取请求转发对象
测试各个API:
package com.study.leleWantsStudy;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
public class RequestAPIServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)throws ServletException, IOException {
// 1 getRequestURI()获取请求的资源路径
System.out.println("URI->" + req.getRequestURI());
// 2 getRequestURL()获取请求的统一资源定位符(绝对路径)
System.out.println("URL->"+ req.getRequestURL());
// 3 getRemoteHost()获取客户端的ip地址
// 客户端:使用localhost得到服务器的ip
// 使用实际ip访问得到实际ip
System.out.println("客户端ip地址->"+req.getRemoteHost());
// 4 getHeader()获取请求头
System.out.println("请求头->"+req.getHeader("User-Agent"));
System.out.println("请求方式->"+req.getMethod());
}
}
package com.study.leleWantsStudy;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Arrays;
public class ParameterServlet extends HttpServlet {
// 接受Get请求用doGet方法
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req , HttpServletResponse resp)throws ServletException , IOException{
System.out.println("-----doSet-----");
String username=req.getParameter("username");
String password=req.getParameter("password");
String [] hobby = req.getParameterValues("hobby");
System.out.println("用户名" + username);
System.out.println("密码"+ password);
System.out.println("兴趣爱好"+ Arrays.asList(hobby));
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req,HttpServletResponse resp )throws ServletException,IOException{
//设置请求体的字符集为UTF-8,从而解决post请求的中文乱码问题
req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
System.out.println("-----doPost-----");
//获取请求参数
//setChara...必须在所有的getparameter前面才有效
String username=req.getParameter("username");
String password=req.getParameter("password");
String [] hobby = req.getParameterValues("hobby");
System.out.println("用户名" + username);
System.out.println("密码"+ password);
System.out.println("兴趣爱好"+ Arrays.asList(hobby));
}
}
请求的转发
什么是请求的转发?
请求转发是指,服务器收到请求后,从一个资源跳转到另一个资源的操作,叫请求转发
客户端(浏览器) 服务器
Servlet 1/2可以共同完成一个完整的业务功能
转发代码:
package com.study.leleWantsStudy;
import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
public class Servlet1 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
throws ServletException, IOException{
// 获取请求的参数(办事)查看
String username =req.getParameter("username");
System.out.println("在Servlet1(柜台1)中查看参数(材料):"+ username);
// 给材料盖个章并传递给Servlet2(柜台2)去查看
req.setAttribute("key1","柜台1的章");
// 问路:Servlet2(柜台2)怎么走
// 请求转发必须要斜杠打头,/表示地址为http://ip:port/工程名/,映射到IDEA代码的web目录
RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher
=req.getRequestDispatcher("/Servlet2");
// 走向Servlet2(柜台2)
// 传参数的方式之前有讲过:?+参数键值对
requestDispatcher.forward(req,resp);
}
}
package com.study.leleWantsStudy;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
public class Servlet2 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
throws ServletException, IOException {
//获取请求的参数(办事材料)查看
String username = req.getParameter("username");
System.out.println("在Servlet2(柜台2)中查看参数(材料):"
+ username);
//检查柜台1是否有盖章
Object key1 = req.getAttribute("key1");
System.out.println("柜台1是否有章:" + key1);
//处理自己的业务
System.out.println("Servlet2 处理自己的业务");
}
}
请求转发的特点:
1、不会改变浏览器地址栏
2、他们是一次请求
3、他们共享Request域中的数据
4、可以转发到WEB-INF目录下(一般的浏览器地址栏请求访问不到这个目录下面)
package com.study.leleWantsStudy;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
public class ForwardC extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req , HttpServletResponse resp)throws ServletException , IOException{
System.out.println("经过了ForwardC程序");
req.getRequestDispatcher("/a/b/c.html").forward(req,resp);//直接跳转
}
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
这是a下的b下的c.html页面<br>
<a href="../../index.html">跳回首页</a>
</body>
</html>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>首页</title>
</head>
<body>
这是web下的index.html<br>
<a href="a/b/c.html">a/b/c.html</a>
<a href="http://localhost:8080/Servlet/fowardC">请求转发:a/b/c.html</a>
</body>
</html>
Base标签
作用:可以设置当前页面中所有相对路径工作时,参照哪个路径来进行跳转
< base href=“http://localhost:8080/Servlet/a/b/c.html”>
指定…/…是什么路径对应的相对路径!!!