string的属性

string的构造函数

void Strwrite()
{
	string s1(5,'a');//5代表长度，a输入的字符
	cout<<"s1:"<<s1<<endl; 
	cout<<endl;
	string s2("asdfghjkl");
	cout<<"s2"<<s2<<endl;
	cout<<endl;
	string s3(s2,3,5);//3是下标，5代表长度 
	cout<<"s3:"<<s3<<endl;
	cout<<endl;
	string s4(s2);//直接把s2复制到s4 
	cout<<"s4:"<<s4;
}

输出结果

string的属性

void StrShuxing()
{
	string s1(5,'a');
	cout<<"s1的容量:"<<s1.capacity()<<endl; 
	string s2("asdfghjkl");
	s2.reserve(9);//reserve修改容量只能变大不能变小； 
	cout<<"s2的容量:"<<s2.capacity()<<endl;//s2的原本容量为9，修改不成1 
	s2.reserve(30);
	cout<<"s2再次修改后的容量："<<s2.capacity()<<endl;
	cout<<"s2的长度:"<<s2.length()<<endl;//length()求长度 
	cout<<"s2的字符数:"<<s2.size()<<endl;//size()//求字符数 
	string s3("asdfghjkl");
	s3.resize(3);//重新设置字符个数，容量不变 
	cout<<"s3的容量:"<<s3.capacity()<<endl;
	cout<<"s3的长度:"<<s3.length()<<endl;
	cout<<"s3的字符数:"<<s3.size()<<endl;
}

输出结果

String的输出

void Strshuchu()
{
	//全部输出 
	string s1(5,'a');
	cout<<"s1:"<<s1<<endl; 
	cout<<"s1:"<<s1.c_str()<<endl; //c_str()
	cout<<endl;
	//输出单个字符 
	string s2("asdfghjkl");
	cout<<"s2中下标为3的字符:"<<s2[3]<<endl;
	cout<<"s2中下标为3的字符:"<<s2.at(3)<<endl;//at() 
}

输出结果

string的修改

修改指定元素

void Strxiugai()
{
	string s2("asdfghjkl");
	s2[2]='2';//下标修改 结果为s2：as2fghjkl
	s2.at(3)='3';//at()修改  s2：as23ghjkl
	cout<<"s2："<<s2<<endl;
}

中间插入

void Strxiugai()
{
	string s2("asdfghjkl");
	s2.insert(2,"qwert");//在s2下标为2的地方插入 
	cout<<s2<<endl;
	string s1("11223");
	s2.insert(1,s1); //在s2下标为1的地方插入 s1;
	cout<<s2<<endl;
	string s3("woaini");
	string s4("hahahahaha");
	s3.insert(1,s4,2,5);//在s3下标为1的地方插入s4中从下标为2开始长度为5的字符串 
	cout<<s3<<endl;
	s4.insert(2,"1234",2);//在s4下标为2的地方插入"1234"中前两个字符 
	cout<<s4<<endl;
	string s5("ASD123");
	s5.insert(2,6,'Q');//在s5下标为2的地方插入6个Q 
	cout<<s5<<endl;
}

输出结果

#include < iostream >
#include < algorithm >
#include < string > 
using namespace std;
void StrChange()
{
	string str("asdfghj");
	string s1("123");
	str.append(s1);//将字符串S1拼接在str末尾 
	cout<<str<<endl; 
	s1.append("QWER");//拼接一个字符串 
	cout<<s1<<endl; 
	string s2=("hahah");
	s2.append(str,2,5);//在s2的末尾拼接 s1从下标为2开始长度为5的字符串 
	cout<<s2<<endl;
	s2.append("098",2);//在s2的末尾拼接“098”的前两位数 
	cout<<s2<<endl; 
	s2.append(9,'A');//在s2的末尾拼接 9 个A字符 
	cout<<s2<<endl; 
}
void StrNew()
{//重新赋值，修改的是已经存在的，不存在的不能直接进行重新赋值 
    cout<<"重新赋值"<<endl; 
	string a("123098465");
	a[1]='A';//下标运算赋值； 
	cout<<a<<endl;
	a.assign("QWERT");
	cout<<a<<endl;
	string b("hello i love you");
	a.assign(b);
	cout<<a<<endl;
	a.assign(b,0,5);
	cout<<a<<endl;
	a.assign(10,'h');
	cout<<a<<endl;
 } 
 void StrOperater()
 {
 	cout<<"string的比较"<<endl; 
 	string st1("Hello world!");
 	string st2("hello world!");
 	string st3("Hello world!");
 	cout<<(st1<st2)<<endl;//真返回1，假返回0； 
 	cout<<(st1<st3)<<endl;
 	/*compare比较 相等返回0
	              小于返回-1
				  大于返回1*/
 	cout<<st1.compare(st3)<<endl; 
 	cout<<st1.compare(st2)<<endl; 
 	cout<<st2.compare(st1)<<endl; 
 	cout<<st1.compare(1,2,st2)<<endl;//compare(index,length,string)
	cout<<st1.compare(1,2,st2,1,2)<<endl; //compare(index,length,string,index,length)
	cout<<"string的复制"<<endl;
	char c[20]={0};
	st1.copy(c,0,3);
	cout<<st1<<endl;	 
	cout<<"string查找子串"<<endl;
	cout<<st1.find("world",0)<<endl; //在st1中查找world子串，找到后返回下标 
	cout<<(int)st1.find("hello",0)<<endl;//找不到时，强制类型转换输出-1
	cout<<"返回子串"<<endl;
	cout<<st1.substr(2,4)<<endl; //返回下标2到4的子串 
	cout<<"字符串的拼接用加法"<<endl;
	cout<<st1+st2<<endl; 
  } 
  void StrIterator()
  {
  	cout<<"string的迭代器"<<endl; 
  	string zifu("GANGGANG");
  	string::iterator ite;
  	string::iterator ite1;
  	ite=zifu.begin();
  	ite1=zifu.begin();
  	cout<<"1.遍历输出"<<endl;
	  for(int i=0;i<zifu.size();i++) 
	  {
	  	cout<<*ite<<endl;
	  	ite++;
	  }
	  cout<<"2.遍历输出"<<endl; 
	  for(ite1;ite1!=zifu.end();ite1++)
	  
	  {
	  	cout<<*ite1<<" ";
	  }
	  cout<<endl;
	  cout<<"3.赋值"<<endl; 
	  /*第一种方法 
	  for(ite;ite!=zifu.end();ite++)
	   {
	   	*ite='a';
		}*/ 
	/*第二种*/
	for(int i=0;i<zifu.size();i++)
	{
		ite[i]=='a';
	}
	/*下标直接赋值*/
	ite[2]='o'; 
  }
  void StrHanshu()
  {
  	cout<<"与迭代器相关的函数"<<endl;
	  string string1("WHY18811881");
	  string string2("not1919919");
	  //string::iterator ite;
	  string1.append(string2.begin(),string2.end());//末尾添加 
	  cout<<string1<<endl;
	  string1.erase(10);//删除后还是10个字符 
	  cout<<string1<<endl; 
	  string1.erase(string1.begin()+2);// 删除下标为2的字符 
	  cout<<string1<<endl; 
  }
  void fun(char c)
  {
  	cout<<c<<" ";
  }
  void Stryongfa()
  {
  	string first("hello,everyone");
  
  	sort(first.begin(),first.end());//从小到大排序 
  	for_each(first.begin(),first.end(),fun);//for_each输出 
  	cout << endl;
  	sort(first.begin(),first.end(),greater<char>()); //从大到小 
	for_each(first.begin(),first.end(),fun);//for_each输出 
  	
  }
int main ()
{
	StrNew ();
	StrChange (); 
	StrOperater ();
	StrIterato r();
	StrHanshu ();
	Stryongfa ();
	return 0;
 }