Spring Boot中parent标签的作用

1. Spring Boot的官方示例均继承一个spring的spring-boot-starter-parent作为parent标签

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

2. parent 源码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
    <version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version>
    <relativePath>../../spring-boot-dependencies</relativePath>
  </parent>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
  <packaging>pom</packaging>
  <name>Spring Boot Starter Parent</name>
  <description>Parent pom providing dependency and plugin management for applications
		built with Maven</description>
  <url>https://projects.spring.io/spring-boot/#/spring-boot-starter-parent</url>
  <properties>
    <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    <resource.delimiter>@</resource.delimiter>
    <maven.compiler.source>${java.version}</maven.compiler.source>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.target>${java.version}</maven.compiler.target>
  </properties>
  <build>
    <resources>
      <resource>
        <filtering>true</filtering>
        <directory>${basedir}/src/main/resources</directory>
        <includes>
          <include>**/application*.yml</include>
          <include>**/application*.yaml</include>
          <include>**/application*.properties</include>
        </includes>
      </resource>
      <resource>
        <directory>${basedir}/src/main/resources</directory>
        <excludes>
          <exclude>**/application*.yml</exclude>
          <exclude>**/application*.yaml</exclude>
          <exclude>**/application*.properties</exclude>
        </excludes>
      </resource>
    </resources>
    <pluginManagement>
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <groupId>org.jetbrains.kotlin</groupId>
          <artifactId>kotlin-maven-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>${kotlin.version}</version>
          <executions>
            <execution>
              <id>compile</id>
              <phase>compile</phase>
              <goals>
                <goal>compile</goal>
              </goals>
            </execution>
            <execution>
              <id>test-compile</id>
              <phase>test-compile</phase>
              <goals>
                <goal>test-compile</goal>
              </goals>
            </execution>
          </executions>
          <configuration>
            <jvmTarget>${java.version}</jvmTarget>
            <javaParameters>true</javaParameters>
          </configuration>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
          <configuration>
            <parameters>true</parameters>
          </configuration>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-failsafe-plugin</artifactId>
          <executions>
            <execution>
              <goals>
                <goal>integration-test</goal>
                <goal>verify</goal>
              </goals>
            </execution>
          </executions>
          <configuration>
            <classesDirectory>${project.build.outputDirectory}</classesDirectory>
          </configuration>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
          <configuration>
            <archive>
              <manifest>
                <mainClass>${start-class}</mainClass>
                <addDefaultImplementationEntries>true</addDefaultImplementationEntries>
              </manifest>
            </archive>
          </configuration>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
          <configuration>
            <archive>
              <manifest>
                <mainClass>${start-class}</mainClass>
                <addDefaultImplementationEntries>true</addDefaultImplementationEntries>
              </manifest>
            </archive>
          </configuration>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
          <artifactId>exec-maven-plugin</artifactId>
          <configuration>
            <mainClass>${start-class}</mainClass>
          </configuration>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
          <configuration>
            <delimiters>
              <delimiter>${resource.delimiter}</delimiter>
            </delimiters>
            <useDefaultDelimiters>false</useDefaultDelimiters>
          </configuration>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <groupId>pl.project13.maven</groupId>
          <artifactId>git-commit-id-plugin</artifactId>
          <executions>
            <execution>
              <goals>
                <goal>revision</goal>
              </goals>
            </execution>
          </executions>
          <configuration>
            <verbose>true</verbose>
            <dateFormat>yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ssZ</dateFormat>
            <generateGitPropertiesFile>true</generateGitPropertiesFile>
            <generateGitPropertiesFilename>${project.build.outputDirectory}/git.properties</generateGitPropertiesFilename>
          </configuration>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
          <executions>
            <execution>
              <id>repackage</id>
              <goals>
                <goal>repackage</goal>
              </goals>
            </execution>
          </executions>
          <configuration>
            <mainClass>${start-class}</mainClass>
          </configuration>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
          <executions>
            <execution>
              <phase>package</phase>
              <goals>
                <goal>shade</goal>
              </goals>
              <configuration>
                <transformers>
                  <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer">
                    <resource>META-INF/spring.handlers</resource>
                  </transformer>
                  <transformer implementation="org.springframework.boot.maven.PropertiesMergingResourceTransformer">
                    <resource>META-INF/spring.factories</resource>
                  </transformer>
                  <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer">
                    <resource>META-INF/spring.schemas</resource>
                  </transformer>
                  <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ServicesResourceTransformer"/>
                  <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">
                    <mainClass>${start-class}</mainClass>
                  </transformer>
                </transformers>
              </configuration>
            </execution>
          </executions>
          <dependencies>
            <dependency>
              <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
              <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
              <version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version>
            </dependency>
          </dependencies>
          <configuration>
            <keepDependenciesWithProvidedScope>true</keepDependenciesWithProvidedScope>
            <createDependencyReducedPom>true</createDependencyReducedPom>
            <filters>
              <filter>
                <artifact>*:*</artifact>
                <excludes>
                  <exclude>META-INF/*.SF</exclude>
                  <exclude>META-INF/*.DSA</exclude>
                  <exclude>META-INF/*.RSA</exclude>
                </excludes>
              </filter>
            </filters>
          </configuration>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <groupId>org.eclipse.m2e</groupId>
          <artifactId>lifecycle-mapping</artifactId>
          <version>1.0.0</version>
          <configuration>
            <lifecycleMappingMetadata>
              <pluginExecutions>
                <pluginExecution>
                  <pluginExecutionFilter>
                    <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
                    <artifactId>flatten-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                    <versionRange>[1.0.0,)</versionRange>
                    <goals>
                      <goal>flatten</goal>
                    </goals>
                  </pluginExecutionFilter>
                  <action>
                    <ignore/>
                  </action>
                </pluginExecution>
                <pluginExecution>
                  <pluginExecutionFilter>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-checkstyle-plugin</artifactId>
                    <versionRange>[3.0.0,)</versionRange>
                    <goals>
                      <goal>check</goal>
                    </goals>
                  </pluginExecutionFilter>
                  <action>
                    <ignore/>
                  </action>
                </pluginExecution>
              </pluginExecutions>
            </lifecycleMappingMetadata>
          </configuration>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
  </build>
</project>

3. parent基本功能

• 从上面的源码中我们可以看到parent主要有如下功能：
  a. 定义了一个父标签spring-boot-dependencies，其定义了依赖的版本，也正是因为继承该依赖，故在写依赖时才不需要写版本号；
  b. 使用默认编码格式为 UTF-8；
  c. 定义了 Java 编译版本为 1.8；
  d. 定义了针对 application.properties 和 application.yml 的资源过滤，包括通过 profile 定义的不同环境的配置文件，例如 application-dev.properties 和 application-dev.yml；
  e. 执行打包操作的配置；
  f. 自动化的资源过滤；
  g. 自动化的插件配置。

使用自定义的parent

• 当我们需要使用自己定义的 parent ，我们的 Spring Boot 项目要继承自公司内部的 parent ，这个时候可以这么做。一个简单的办法就是我们自行定义 dependencyManagement 节点，然后在里边定义好版本号，再接下来在引用依赖时也就不用写版本号了，像下面这样：

<dependencyManagement>
	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
			<version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version>
			<type>pom</type>
			<scope>import</scope>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

• 但这种方式只能解决依赖的版本号问题，如果我们仍然需要关于打包的插件、编译的 JDK 版本、文件的编码格式等等这些配置，在没有 parent 的时候，这些统统要自己去配置。