linux 常用快捷键

常用linux命令:

切换目录: cd …
cd 目录

增加文件: mkdir 一个文件或者目录文件夹
mkdir -p 多级目录文件
删除文件: rm 一个文件或者文件夹
rm -r 多级目录文件
不确认直接删除: rm -rf 若干文件
增加和删除可以在文件之间加空格,实现多个文件增加或删除

ls :查看当前文件
ls -l :查看当前文件和其详细信息
查找和filename相关的文件：find . -name “filename”
tree命令: 直接输入tree,文件目录以树形展示出来
ll: 将文件用列表的形式显示
pwd: 查看当前在哪个文件夹下

修改文件: vim 文件名: i进入编辑,esc加:wq退出文件修改.(也具有翻页功能)

cp -r 文件1 文件2:拷贝文件,复制加粘贴到另一个文件里
mv 文件1 文件2:剪切加粘贴到另一个文件里
echo 内容 > 文件名 往普通文件里写内容.写之前清空.
内容>>文件名 追加在后面,不清空
cat 文件名 查看普通文件内容(只能看一般大小的文件),因为没有翻页功能.
less 文件名 能查看大文件,因为具有翻页功能.(上下键)

下载文件指令:wget 文件链接/地址

clear:清屏

查看进程（服务开启了哪些进程）:
ps aux | grep tomcat

查看指定端口绑定的进程:
netstat -anp | grep 8080
查看进程绑定的端口：
sudo netstat -anp | grep 进程id

查看cpu和内存使用情况：
top/htop
查看内存使用情况：
free
查看虚拟内存使用情况：
vmstat
更改用户权限：
chmod …
给所有sh文件赋予运行权限:
chmod +x *.sh
运行tomcat:
sh startup.sh

安装mysql:

以下操作都以 root 用户进行操作
以下操作都以 root 用户进行操作
以下操作都以 root 用户进行操作
安装
安装 mariadb 服务

# yum install -y mariadb-server
安装 mariadb 命令行客户端

# yum install -y mariadb
安装 mariadb C library

# yum install -y mariadb-libs
安装 mariadb 开发包

# yum install -y mariadb-devel
更改配置
更改 /etc/my.cnf.d/client.cnf 文件

[client] 下加一行配置 default-character-set=utf8

最终内容

#
# These two groups are read by the client library
# Use it for options that affect all clients, but not the server
#


[client]
default-character-set = utf8

# This group is not read by mysql client library,
# If you use the same .cnf file for MySQL and MariaDB,
# use it for MariaDB-only client options
[client-mariadb]


更改 /etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-clients.cnf 文件

[mysql] 下加一行配置 default-character-set=utf8

最终内容

#
# These groups are read by MariaDB command-line tools
# Use it for options that affect only one utility
#

[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8

[mysql_upgrade]

[mysqladmin]

[mysqlbinlog]

[mysqlcheck]

[mysqldump]

[mysqlimport]

[mysqlshow]

[mysqlslap]


更改 /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf 配置

[mysqld] 下加配置

collation-server = utf8_general_ci

init-connect='SET NAMES utf8'

character-set-server = utf8

sql-mode = TRADITIONAL

最终内容

#
# These groups are read by MariaDB server.
# Use it for options that only the server (but not clients) should see
#
# See the examples of server my.cnf files in /usr/share/mysql/
#

# this is read by the standalone daemon and embedded servers
[server]

# this is only for the mysqld standalone daemon
[mysqld]
collation-server = utf8_general_ci
init-connect = 'SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server = utf8

sql-mode = TRADITIONAL

# this is only for embedded server
[embedded]

# This group is only read by MariaDB-5.5 servers.
# If you use the same .cnf file for MariaDB of different versions,
# use this group for options that older servers don't understand
[mysqld-5.5]

# These two groups are only read by MariaDB servers, not by MySQL.
# If you use the same .cnf file for MySQL and MariaDB,
# you can put MariaDB-only options here
[mariadb]

[mariadb-5.5]


以上配置的更改参考

Setting Character Sets and Collations
​mariadb.com/kb/en/library/setting-character-sets-and-collations/#example-changing-the-default-character-set-to-utf-8
SQL_MODE
​mariadb.com/kb/en/library/sql-mode/


启动

启动服务

# systemctl start mariadb
设置服务开启自启动

# systemctl enable mariadb
查看服务状态

# systemctl status mariadb
可能的输出为，注意到 Active 状态为 active (running)

● mariadb.service - MariaDB database server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since 五 2018-11-09 12:49:23 CST; 19min ago
 Main PID: 1510 (mysqld_safe)
   CGroup: /system.slice/mariadb.service
           ├─1510 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --basedir=/usr
           └─2030 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --log-...

11月 09 12:49:15 peixinchen.host systemd[1]: Starting MariaDB database server...
11月 09 12:49:17 peixinchen.host mariadb-prepare-db-dir[1062]: Database MariaDB is probably initialized in /var/lib/m...ne.
11月 09 12:49:19 peixinchen.host mysqld_safe[1510]: 181109 12:49:19 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log'.
11月 09 12:49:19 peixinchen.host mysqld_safe[1510]: 181109 12:49:19 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databas...mysql
11月 09 12:49:23 peixinchen.host systemd[1]: Started MariaDB database server.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.


测试连接

使用命令行客户端尝试连接

# mysql -uroot
可能的输出为

Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]>


查看 mariadb 版本号

MariaDB [(none)]> select version();
+----------------+
| version()      |
+----------------+
| 5.5.60-MariaDB |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)


查看字符集配置

MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like '%char%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | utf8                       |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
目前我们的 mariadb 用户是没有密码的，是非常不安全的，需要执行以下步骤

# mysql_secure_installation
选择 Y/N 的时候都选 Y，

在

New password:

Re-enter new password:

时设置你自己的 root 密码



使用命令行客户端尝试连接（带密码）

# mysql -uroot -p
随后输入你刚才设置的密码，可能的输出为

Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]>

此时 在本地是可以登录root的,如何设置远程登录呢?
打开远程使用root登录权限需要另外使用命令:
grant all privileges on . to ‘root’@'%'identified by ‘这里输入密码’ with grant option;
接下来重启mysql服务,权限更新生效.

以上设置远程登陆后本地登录时会默认匿名登录,本地无法使用root账户和密码进行登录.也就无法对数据库进行操作,这时需要使用navicat远程连接上当前数据库,然后修改user表,将user是空的一行记录删除,然后在mysql命令行重启mysql服务,即可在本地和远程都可登录root,否则只能远程登录,本地无法使用root账户和密码进行登录.如果还出问题,就修改密码
重启mysql:
systemctl restart mariadb.service

修改密码:
1.进入vim /etc/my.cnf
2.接下来把skip-grant-tables在mysqld后面任意一行加上

3.然后修改密码:
update user set Password=Password(“你的密码”) where user=“root”;