1.在maven中导入依赖
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
- spring-webmvc用于提供一些spring里面的类
- servlet-api用于提供HttpServletRequest和HttpServletResponse这两个类
2.web.xml中进行配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
- DispatcherServlet是springMVC的核心,是请求分发器,前端控制器。
- init-param标签配置了一个键值对,param-name是键(对应着某种配置),param-value是值,在此处是将springgmvc的beans配置联系起来。
- (1)load-on-startup标签的值必须是一个整数,表示servlet被加载的先后顺序。
(2)整数越小,servlet越先被加载,值相同时,容器会自己选择顺序来加载。
(3)如果元素的值为大于等于零的整数,这个servlet会在web初始化时就加载;
(4)如果该元素的值为负数或者没有设置,则容器会当Servlet被请求时再加载。 - servlet-mapping中的url-pattern标签指定所有/开头的请求(不包括jsp)都会找到springmvc这个servlet。
若servlet-mapping中的url-pattern标签的值为/*,意思是指定所有的/开头的请求或者jsp都会找到springmvc这个servlet。
3.创建test.jsp
![在这里插入图片描述](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a813da7c9bca414f741fe078af7d6680.png)
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
${msg}
</body>
</html>
4.写controller
package com.lixv.controller;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class HelloController implements Controller {
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
String result = "HelloSpringMVC";
mv.addObject("msg",result);
mv.setViewName("test");
return mv;
}
}
mv.addObject
相当于request.setAttrubutes
mv.setViewName
相当于response.getRequestDispatcher
5.在resources中创建springmvc-servlet标签用以配置springmvc的beans
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
<bean id="/hello" class="com.lixv.controller.HelloController"/>
</beans>
- InternalResourceViewResolver与controller相关联
- InternalResourceViewResolver有两个属性:prefix是前缀,suffix是后缀。controller的viewName被放在前缀后缀之前作为请求。如果没有这个配置,那么controller中的
mv.setViewName("test");
应改为mv.setViewName("WEB-INF/jsp/test.jsp");
<bean id="/hello" class="com.lixv.controller.HelloController"/>
标签将/hello请求分配给HelloController这个controller