Pinia
1.基本使用
- 安装
yarn add pinia - 使用挂载到入口文件
import { createApp } from "vue";
import { createPinia } from "pinia";
import App from "./App.vue";
const app = createApp(App);
app.use(createPinia());
app.mount("#app");
- 设置store/index
import { defineStore } from 'pinia'
export const useTestStore = defineStore('test', {
state: () => {
return {
count: 1,
name: 'num'
}
},
// 计算属性
getters: {},
// 提交state,同步异步都可以
actions: {}
})
- 读取state仓库中的值
<template>
<div>{{ Test.count }}---{{ Test.name }}</div>
</template>
<script setup lang="ts">
import { useTestStore } from './stores'
// 直接调用可以访问state
const Test = useTestStore()
</script>
<style scoped lang="less"></style>
2.改变state中的值
- 直接修改
<script setup lang="ts">
import { useTestStore } from './stores'
// 直接调用可以访问state
const Test = useTestStore()
// 直接修改
const add = () => {
Test.count++
}
</script>
- $patch直接修改
<script setup lang="ts">
import { useTestStore } from './stores'
// 直接调用可以访问state
const Test = useTestStore()
// 批量修改
const change = () => {
Test.$patch({
count: 20,
name: 'qq'
})
}
</script>
- $patch函数修改
<script setup lang="ts">
import { useTestStore } from './stores'
// 直接调用可以访问state
const Test = useTestStore()
// 批量函数修改
const change = () => {
Test.$patch(state => {
state.count = 100
state.name = '222'
})
}
</script>
- $state全部修改
<script setup lang="ts">
import { useTestStore } from './stores'
// 直接调用可以访问state
const Test = useTestStore()
// 批量修改
const change = () => {
Test.$state = {
count: 1,
name: '12'
}
}
</script>
- 借助action进行修改
仓库
import { defineStore } from 'pinia'
export const useTestStore = defineStore('test', {
state: () => {
return {
count: 1,
name: 'num'
}
},
// 计算属性
getters: {},
// 提交state,同步异步都可以
actions: {
setCount(num: number) {
this.count = num
}
})
调用action
<template>
<div>{{ Test.count }}---{{ Test.name }}</div>
<button @click="change(100)">change</button>
</template>
<script setup lang="ts">
import { useTestStore } from './stores'
// 直接调用可以访问state
const Test = useTestStore()
// 借助action
const change = (num: number) => {
Test.setCount(num)
}
</script>
3.解构store
- 解构的state中的值无响应式
<template>
<div>{{ count }}---{{ Test.count }}</div>
<button @click="change(100)">change</button>
</template>
<script setup lang="ts">
import { useTestStore } from './stores'
// 直接调用可以访问state
const Test = useTestStore()
// 解构无响应式
const { count, name } = Test
// 借助action
const change = (num: number) => {
Test.setCount(num)
}
</script>
<style scoped lang="less"></style>
- storeToRefs解构响应式
<template>
<div>{{ count }}---{{ Test.count }}</div>
<button @click="change(100)">change</button>
</template>
<script setup lang="ts">
import { useTestStore } from './stores'
import { storeToRefs } from 'pinia'
// 直接调用可以访问state
const Test = useTestStore()
// 通过storeToRefs解构有响应
const { count } = storeToRefs(Test)
// 借助action
const change = (num: number) => {
Test.setCount(num)
}
</script>
<style scoped lang="less"></style>
4.actions
- 同步写法
仓库
import { defineStore } from 'pinia'
type User = {
name: string
age: number
}
const result: User = {
name: 'qq',
age: 18
}
export const useTestStore = defineStore('test', {
state: () => {
return {
user: <User>{}
}
},
// 计算属性
getters: {},
// 提交state,同步异步都可以
actions: {
setUser() {
this.user = result
}
}
})
调用
<template>
<div>state:{{ Test.user }}</div>
<button @click="change">change</button>
</template>
<script setup lang="ts">
import { useTestStore } from './stores'
// 直接调用可以访问state
const Test = useTestStore()
// 借助action
const change = () => {
Test.setUser()
}
</script>
<style scoped lang="less"></style>
- 异步写法
import { defineStore } from 'pinia'
type User = {
name: string
age: number
}
const result: User = {
name: 'qq',
age: 18
}
const Login = (): Promise<User> => {
return new Promise(resolve => {
setTimeout(() => {
resolve(result)
}, 2000)
})
}
export const useTestStore = defineStore('test', {
state: () => {
return {
user: <User>{}
}
},
// 计算属性
getters: {},
// 提交state,同步异步都可以
actions: {
setUser() {
this.user = result
},
async setUserAsync() {
const result = await Login()
this.user = result
}
}
})
5.getters
- 基本使用
import { defineStore } from 'pinia'
export const useTestStore = defineStore('test', {
state: () => {
return {
name: 'zs'
}
},
// 计算属性
getters: {
newName(): string {
return `${this.name}`
}
},
...
})
<div>getters:{{ Test.newName }}</div>
- 可以相互调用
getters: {
newName(): string {
return `${this.name}--${this.getUserAge}`
},
getUserAge(): number {
return this.user.age
}
},
6.$reset
// 重置state中的值
const reset = () => {
Test.$reset()
}
7.$subscribe
Test.$subscribe((mutation, state) => {
/*
* mutation主要包含三个属性值：
* events：当前state改变的具体数据，包括改变前的值和改变后的值等等数据
* storeId：是当前store的id
* type：用于记录这次数据变化是通过什么途径，主要有三个分别是
* “direct” ：通过 action 变化的
”patch object“ ：通过 $patch 传递对象的方式改变的
“patch function” ：通过 $patch 传递函数的方式改变的
*
* */
console.log(args, state)
})
8.$onAction
// 监听调用action
Test.$onAction((args)=>{
console.log(args);
})
9.手写pinia持久化
// main.js
import { createApp, toRaw } from 'vue'
import { createPinia, type PiniaPluginContext } from 'pinia'
import App from './App.vue'
import router from './router'
import './assets/main.css'
type Options = {
key?: string
}
const setStoreage = (key: string, value: any) => {
localStorage.setItem(key, JSON.stringify(value))
}
const getStoreage = (key: string) => {
return localStorage.getItem(key)
? JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem(key) as string)
: {}
}
const piniaPlugin = (options: Options) => {
// store中的值
return (context: PiniaPluginContext) => {
// 获取store的值
const { store } = context
// 获取本地存储中的值
const data = getStoreage(`${options?.key ?? 'qql'}-${store.$id}`)
console.log(data)
// 存入
store.$subscribe(() => {
setStoreage(`${options?.key ?? 'qql'}-${store.$id}`, toRaw(store.$state))
})
return { ...data }
}
}
const store = createPinia()
store.use(
piniaPlugin({
key: 'pinia'
})
)
//
const app = createApp(App)
app.use(createPinia()).use(router).use(store)
app.mount('#app')
Router
1.基本使用
- 路由配置
// router/index.ts
import { createRouter, createWebHistory, type RouteRecordRaw } from 'vue-router'
const routes: Array<RouteRecordRaw> = [
{
path: '/',
component: () => import('../views/home.vue'),
children: [
{
path: '/login',
component: () => import('../views/login.vue')
},
{
path: '/register',
component: () => import('../views/login.vue')
}
]
}
]
const router = createRouter({
history: createWebHistory(),
routes
})
export default router
- mian.ts中引入
import { createApp } from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import router from './router'
import './assets/main.css'
const app = createApp(App)
app.use(router)
app.mount('#app')
- 使用路由
<template>
<router-view></router-view>
</template>
2.命名跳转和编程式导航
- 路由命名
import { createRouter, createWebHistory, type RouteRecordRaw } from 'vue-router'
const routes: Array<RouteRecordRaw> = [
{
path: '/',
name: 'Home',
component: () => import('../views/home.vue')
},
{
path: '/login',
name: 'Login',
component: () => import('../views/login.vue')
},
{
path: '/register',
name: 'Register',
component: () => import('../views/register.vue')
}
]
const router = createRouter({
history: createWebHistory(),
routes
})
export default router
- 命名路由跳转
<template>
<div>主页</div>
<router-link :to="{ name: 'Login' }">登录</router-link>
<router-link :to="{ name: 'Register' }">注册</router-link>
</template>
- 编程式导航
<template>
<div>主页</div>
<a @click="toPage('/login')">登录</a>
<a @click="toPage('/register')">注册</a>
</template>
<script setup lang="ts">
import { useRouter } from 'vue-router'
const router = useRouter()
const toPage = (url: string) => {
// 字符串
// router.push(url)
// 对象
// router.push({
// path: url
// })
// 命名
router.push({
name: 'Login'
})
}
</script>
<style scoped lang="less"></style>
3.路由跳转的历史记录问题
- 声明式导航replace
<template>
<div>注册</div>
<router-link to="/login" replace>登录</router-link>
<router-link to="/" replace>首页</router-link>
</template>
- 编程式导航replace
<script setup lang="ts">
import { useRouter } from 'vue-router'
const router = useRouter()
const toPage = (url: string) => {
// 字符串
// router.push(url)
// 对象
// router.push({
// path: url
// })
// 命名
router.replace({
name: 'Login'
})
}
</script>
- 历史记录回退go,back
<script setup lang="ts">
import { useRouter } from 'vue-router'
const router = useRouter()
const toPage = (url: string) => {
// 字符串
// router.push(url)
// 对象
// router.push({
// path: url
// })
router.go(1)
router.back()
}
</script>
4.路由传参
(1)query传参
- 传递参数可以
<template>
<h1>主页</h1>
<br />
<router-link to="/login?username=zs&password=123">登录</router-link>
<br />
<a @click="toPage">注册</a>
</template>
<script setup lang="ts">
import { useRouter } from 'vue-router'
const router = useRouter()
const toPage = () => {
router.push({
path: 'register',
query: {
username: 'zs',
password: '123'
}
})
}
</script>
- 接收参数
<template>
<h1>登录</h1>
<br />
<h3>username:{{ route.query.username }}</h3>
<br />
<h3>password:{{ route.query.password }}</h3>
<br />
<router-link to="/">首页</router-link>
<br />
<router-link to="/register">注册</router-link>
</template>
<script setup lang="ts">
import { useRoute } from 'vue-router'
const route = useRoute()
</script>
(2)params传参
- 路由文件中占位
import { createRouter, createWebHistory, type RouteRecordRaw } from 'vue-router'
const routes: Array<RouteRecordRaw> = [
{
path: '/',
name: 'Home',
component: () => import('../views/home.vue')
},
{
// 占位
path: '/login/:username/:password',
name: 'Login',
component: () => import('../views/login.vue')
},
]
const router = createRouter({
history: createWebHistory(),
routes
})
export default router
- 传递参数(路由未命名，路径传递)
<template>
<h1>主页</h1>
<br />
<router-link to="/login/zs/123">登录</router-link>
<br />
<a @click="toPage">登录</a>
</template>
<script setup lang="ts">
import { useRouter } from 'vue-router'
const router = useRouter()
const toPage = () => {
// 路径写法
router.push({
path: '/login/zs/123'
})
}
</script>
<style scoped lang="less"></style>
- 传递参数(命名跳转)
<script setup lang="ts">
import { useRouter } from 'vue-router'
const router = useRouter()
const toPage = () => {
// 路径写法
router.push({
name: 'Login',
params: {
username: 'zs',
password: '123'
}
})
}
</script>
- 接收参数
<template>
<h1>登录</h1>
<br />
<h3>username:{{ route.params.username }}</h3>
<br />
<h3>password:{{ route.params.password }}</h3>
<br />
<router-link to="/">首页</router-link>
<br />
<router-link to="/register">注册</router-link>
</template>
<script setup lang="ts">
import { useRoute } from 'vue-router'
const route = useRoute()
</script>
<style scoped lang="less"></style>
5.嵌套路由
- 路由嵌套
const routes: Array<RouteRecordRaw> = [
{
path: "/user",
component: () => import('../components/footer.vue'),
children: [
{
path: "",
name: "Login",
component: () => import('../components/login.vue')
},
{
path: "reg",
name: "Reg",
component: () => import('../components/reg.vue')
}
]
},
]
- 不要忘记写router-view
<div>
<router-view></router-view>
<div>
<router-link to="/">login</router-link>
<router-link style="margin-left:10px;" to="/user/reg">reg</router-link>
</div>
</div>
6.命名视图
- 路由写多重路由
import { createRouter, createWebHistory, type RouteRecordRaw } from 'vue-router'
const routes: Array<RouteRecordRaw> = [
{
path: '/',
component: () => import('../views/root.vue'),
children: [
{
path: 'a',
// 命名视图
components: {
default: () => import('../views/A.vue'),
B: () => import('../views/B.vue'),
C: () => import('../views/C.vue')
}
}
]
}
]
const router = createRouter({
history: createWebHistory(),
routes
})
export default router
- 使用命名视图
// ABC全部都显示了
<template>
root
<router-view></router-view>
<router-view name="B"></router-view>
<router-view name="C"></router-view>
</template>
7.重定向和别名
- 字符串形式配置
const routes: Array<RouteRecordRaw> = [
{
path:'/',
component:()=> import('../components/root.vue'),
redirect:'/user1',
children:[
{
path:'/user1',
components:{
default:()=> import('../components/A.vue')
}
},
{
path:'/user2',
components:{
bbb:()=> import('../components/B.vue'),
ccc:()=> import('../components/C.vue')
}
}
]
}
]
- 对象形式配置
const routes: Array<RouteRecordRaw> = [
{
path: '/',
component: () => import('../components/root.vue'),
redirect: { path: '/user1' },
children: [
{
path: '/user1',
components: {
default: () => import('../components/A.vue')
}
},
{
path: '/user2',
components: {
bbb: () => import('../components/B.vue'),
ccc: () => import('../components/C.vue')
}
}
]
}
]
- 函数形式配置
const routes: Array<RouteRecordRaw> = [
{
path: '/',
component: () => import('../components/root.vue'),
redirect: (to) => {
return {
path: '/user1',
query: to.query
}
},
children: [
{
path: '/user1',
components: {
default: () => import('../components/A.vue')
}
},
{
path: '/user2',
components: {
bbb: () => import('../components/B.vue'),
ccc: () => import('../components/C.vue')
}
}
]
}
]
- 别名 alias
const routes: Array<RouteRecordRaw> = [
{
path: '/',
component: () => import('../views/root.vue'),
alias: ['/aa', '/bb', '/cc'],
children: [
{
path: 'a',
components: {
default: () => import('../views/A.vue'),
B: () => import('../views/B.vue'),
C: () => import('../views/C.vue')
}
},
{
path: 'b',
components: {
B: () => import('../views/B.vue'),
C: () => import('../views/C.vue')
}
}
]
}
]
8.导航守卫
(1)全局前置守卫
- 登录后访问
/**
*
* @param to Route 即将要进入的目标 路由对象
* @param form Route 当前导航正要离开的路由
* @param next 进行管道中的下一个钩子。如果全部钩子执行完了，则导航的状态就是 confirmed (确认的)
*/
router.beforeEach((to, from, next) => {
const token = localStorage.getItem('token')
//前往首页无token跳转
if (to.path === '/home' && !token) {
next({
path: '/login'
})
} else {
next()
}
})
- 登录白名单页面访问
const whileList = ['/login']
router.beforeEach((to, from, next) => {
let token = localStorage.getItem('token')
// 有token或者去白名单的地方
if (whileList.includes(to.path) || token) {
next()
} else {
next({
path:'/login'
})
}
})
- 登录黑名单页面禁止访问
const blackList = ['/home']
router.beforeEach((to, from, next) => {
const token = localStorage.getItem('token')
// 有token或者去白名单的地方
if (blackList.includes(to.path) && !token) {
next({
path: '/login'
})
} else {
next()
}
})
(2)全局后置守卫
- 调用规则
//全局后置守卫：初始化时执行、每次路由切换后执行
router.afterEach((to, from) => {
console.log('afterEach', to, from)
})
- 书写loadingBar插件样式(切换页面加载进度条)
<template>
<div class="wraps">
<div ref="bar" class="bar"></div>
</div>
</template>
<script setup lang="ts">
import { ref } from 'vue'
let speed = ref<number>(1)
let bar = ref<HTMLElement>()
let timer = ref<number>(0)
const startLoading = () => {
let dom = bar.value as HTMLElement
speed.value = 1
timer.value = window.requestAnimationFrame(function fn() {
if (speed.value < 90) {
speed.value += 1
// 设置进度条的宽度
dom.style.width = speed.value + '%'
// 递归调用
timer.value = window.requestAnimationFrame(fn)
} else {
speed.value = 1
// 清除
window.cancelAnimationFrame(timer.value)
}
})
}
const endLoading = () => {
let dom = bar.value as HTMLElement
setTimeout(() => {
window.requestAnimationFrame(() => {
speed.value = 100
dom.style.width = speed.value + '%'
})
}, 500)
}
defineExpose({
startLoading,
endLoading
})
</script>
<style scoped lang="less">
.wraps {
position: fixed;
top: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 2px;
.bar {
height: inherit;
width: 0;
background: blue;
}
}
</style>
- 书写loadingBar的方法
import { render, type VNode } from 'vue'
import LoadingBar from './index.vue'
import { createVNode } from 'vue'
import router from '@/router'
export default {
install() {
// 变成div
const Vnode: VNode = createVNode(LoadingBar)
// 挂载
render(Vnode, document.body)
// 使用路由的方法进行全局挂载
router.beforeEach((to, from, next) => {
Vnode.component?.exposed?.startLoading()
next()
})
router.afterEach(() => {
Vnode.component?.exposed?.endLoading()
})
}
}
- 使用插件
import { createApp } from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import router from './router'
import './assets/main.css'
import LoadingBar from './plugins/LoadingBar'
const app = createApp(App)
// 使用插件
app.use(router).use(LoadingBar)
app.mount('#app')
9.路由元信息
- 路由记录的 meta 属性可以定义路由的元信息
权限校验标识。
路由组件的过渡名称。
路由组件持久化缓存 (keep-alive) 的相关配置。
标题名称
- 书写路由元信息
const routes: Array<RouteRecordRaw> = [
{
path: '/home',
component: () => import('../views/home.vue'),
meta: {
title: '首页'
}
},
{
path: '/login',
component: () => import('../views/login.vue'),
meta: {
title: '登录'
}
}
]
- 实现title显示页面信息
import { createRouter, createWebHistory, type RouteRecordRaw } from 'vue-router'
declare module 'vue-router' {
interface RouteMeta {
title: string
}
}
const routes: Array<RouteRecordRaw> = [
{
path: '/home',
component: () => import('../views/home.vue'),
meta: {
title: '首页'
}
},
{
path: '/login',
component: () => import('../views/login.vue'),
meta: {
title: '登录'
}
}
]
const router = createRouter({
history: createWebHistory(),
routes
})
router.afterEach(to => {
document.title = to.meta.title
})
export default router
10.路由过度动效的实现
- 安装animate.css
- 路由元信息添加动画效果
declare module 'vue-router' {
interface RouteMeta {
title: string
transition: string
}
}
const routes: Array<RouteRecordRaw> = [
{
path: '/home',
component: () => import('../views/home.vue'),
meta: {
title: '首页',
transition: 'animate__fadeInUp'
}
},
{
path: '/login',
component: () => import('../views/login.vue'),
meta: {
title: '登录',
transition: 'animate__bounceIn'
}
}
]
- 使用路由插槽调用动画
<template>
<router-view #default="{ route, Component }">
<transition
:enter-active-class="`animate__animated ${route.meta.transition}`"
>
<Component :is="Component"></Component>
</transition>
</router-view>
</template>
11.路由滚动行为
- 记录push后返回的滚动距离
- 滚动行为记录
import { createRouter, createWebHistory, type RouteRecordRaw } from 'vue-router'
const router = createRouter({
history: createWebHistory(),
// 滚动行为记录
scrollBehavior: (to, from, savePosition) => {
return savePosition ? savePosition : { top: 0 }
},
routes
})
router.afterEach(to => {
document.title = to.meta.title
})
export default router
12.动态路由
(1)简单使用
- 添加路由
router.addRoute({ path: '/about', component: About })
- 导航守卫中添加路由
// 如果你决定在导航守卫内部添加或删除路由，你不应该调用 router.replace()
router.beforeEach(to => {
if (!hasNecessaryRoute(to)) {
router.addRoute(generateRoute(to))
// 触发重定向
return to.fullPath
}
})
- 删除路由
// 名称冲突的路由。如果添加与现有途径名称相同的途径，会先删除路由，再添加路由
// 调用 router.addRoute() 返回的回调删除
const removeRoute = router.addRoute(routeRecord)
removeRoute()
// 使用 router.removeRoute() 按名称删除路由
router.addRoute({ path: '/about', name: 'about', component: About })
router.removeRoute('about')
- 添加嵌套路由
router.addRoute({ name: 'admin', path: '/admin', component: Admin })
router.addRoute('admin', { path: 'settings', component: AdminSettings })
- 查看现有路由信息
router.hasRoute()：检查路由是否存在。
router.getRoutes()：获取一个包含所有路由记录的数组。
(2)简单实现权限管理
- 安装express
yarn add @types/express
yarn add express
- 服务端返回动态路由
// import express from 'express'
// eslint-disable-next-line no-undef
const express = require('express')
const app = express()
app.get('/login', (req, res) => {
res.header('Access-Control-Allow-Origin', '*')
if (req.query.user === 'admin' && req.query.password === '123456') {
res.json({
route: [
{
path: '/demo1',
name: 'Demo1',
component: 'demo1.vue'
},
{
path: '/demo2',
name: 'Demo2',
component: 'demo2.vue'
},
{
path: '/demo3',
name: 'Demo3',
component: 'demo3.vue'
}
]
})
} else if (req.query.user === 'admin1' && req.query.password === '123456') {
res.json({
route: [
{
path: '/demo1',
name: 'Demo1',
component: 'demo1.vue'
},
{
path: '/demo2',
name: 'Demo2',
component: 'demo2.vue'
}
]
})
} else {
res.json({
code: 400,
message: '账号密码错误'
})
}
})
app.listen(9000)
- 登录页面发送请求动态添加路由
<template>
<div>
<h1>登录</h1>
<form>
user:<input type="text" v-model="userinfo.user" /><br />
password:<input
type="password"
autocomplete="tel"
v-model="userinfo.password"
/><br />
</form>
<button @click="login">登录</button>
</div>
</template>
<script setup lang="ts">
import { reactive } from 'vue'
import { useRouter } from 'vue-router'
const router = useRouter()
const userinfo = reactive({
user: '',
password: ''
})
const login = () => {
const ajax = new XMLHttpRequest()
ajax.open(
'get',
`http://localhost:9000/login?user=${userinfo.user}&password=${userinfo.password}`
)
ajax.send()
ajax.onreadystatechange = function () {
if (ajax.readyState == 4 && ajax.status == 200) {
console.log(JSON.parse(ajax.responseText).route) //输入相应的内容
JSON.parse(ajax.responseText).route.forEach((item: any) => {
router.addRoute({
path: item.path,
name: item.name,
component: () => import(`../components/${item.component}`)
})
router.push('/home')
})
}
}
}
</script>
<style scoped lang="less"></style>
- 主页显示；路由跳转
<template>
<div>
<h1>首页</h1>
<router-link to="/demo1">demo1</router-link>
<router-link to="/demo2">demo2</router-link>
<router-link to="/demo3">demo3</router-link>
</div>
</template>
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