mysql sql语句大全
前几天写项目,接口出现错误,找了好久也没看出来哪里错了。花了半天才知道是sql语句写错了。所以又去复习了一遍mysql。整理了这些语句给大家。
1、创建数据库
CREATE DATABASE database-name
2、删除数据库
drop database dbname
3、备份sql server
--- 创建 备份数据的 device
USE master
EXEC sp_addumpdevice 'disk', 'testBack', 'c:\mssql7backup\MyNwind_1.dat'
--- 开始 备份
BACKUP DATABASE pubs TO testBack
4、创建新表
create table tabname(col1 type1 [not null] [primary key],col2 type2 [not null],..)
5、删除新表
drop table tabname
6、增加一个列
Alter table tabname add column col type
7、几个简单的基本的sql语句
选择:select * from table1 where 范围
插入:insert into table1(field1,field2) values(value1,value2)
删除:delete from table1 where 范围
更新:update table1 set field1=value1 where 范围
查找:select * from table1 where field1 like ’%value1%’ ---like的语法很精妙,查资料!
排序:select * from table1 order by field1,field2 [desc]
总数:select count as totalcount from table1
求和:select sum(field1) as sumvalue from table1
平均:select avg(field1) as avgvalue from table1
最大:select max(field1) as maxvalue from table1
最小:select min(field1) as minvalue from table1
8、使用外连接
A、left (outer) join:
左外连接(左连接):结果集几包括连接表的匹配行,也包括左连接表的所有行。
SQL: select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT JOIN b ON a.a = b.c
B:right (outer) join:
右外连接(右连接):结果集既包括连接表的匹配连接行,也包括右连接表的所有行。
C:full/cross (outer) join:
全外连接:不仅包括符号连接表的匹配行,还包括两个连接表中的所有记录。
二、提升
1、子查询(表名1:a 表名2:b)
select a,b,c from a where a IN (select d from b ) 或者: select a,b,c from a where a IN (1,2,3)
2、显示文章、提交人和最后回复时间
select a.title,a.username,b.adddate from table a,(select max(adddate) adddate from table where table.title=a.title) b
3、外连接查询(表名1:a 表名2:b)
select a.a, a.b, a.c, b.c, b.d, b.f from a LEFT OUT JOIN b ON a.a = b.c
4、in 的使用方法
select * from table1 where a [not] in (‘值1’,’值2’,’值4’,’值6’)
5、两张关联表,删除主表中已经在副表中没有的信息
delete from table1 where not exists ( select * from table2 where table1.field1=table2.field1 )
6、四表联查问题:
select * from a left inner join b on a.a=b.b right inner join c on a.a=c.c inner join d on a.a=d.d where .....
7、查询前10条记录
select top 10 * form table1 where 范围
8、随机取出10条数据
select top 10 * from tablename order by newid()
9、字符匹配(like % _ )
查询所有姓李的学生姓名和性别
select Sname as 姓名,Ssex as 性别 from student where Sname like '李%';
查询所有“2002”年入学的学生学号、姓名和系别
select Sno as 学号,Sname as 姓名,Sdept as 系别 from student where Sno like'2002%';
查询所有不姓“刘”的学生信息
select * from student where Sname not like'刘%';
查询名称含有“数据”的课程号、课程名及学分
select Cno as 课程号,Cname as 课程名,Ccredit as 学分 from course where Cname like '%数据%'
10、查询结果排序(order by )
查询选修了3号课程的学生学号和成绩,结果按成绩降序排列。
select Sno as 学号,Grade as 成绩 from SC where Cno=3 order by Grade desc;
查询选修了3号课程的学生学号和成绩,结果按成绩升序排列。
select Sno as 学号,Grade as 成绩 from SC where Cno=3 order by Grade asc;