JavaWeb_ServletContext应用

web容器在启动的时候，它会为每个web程序都创建一个对应的ServletContext对象，它代表了当前的web应用

1、共享数据

在这个Servlet中保存的数据，可以在另外一个servlet中拿到;

• 保存数据到ServletContext中

  public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
  
      @Override
      protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
  
          //this.getInitParameter();   初始化参数
          //this.getServletConfig();   Servlet配置
          //this.getServletContext();  Servlet上下文
  
          ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
  
          String username = "用户名"; //数据
          context.setAttribute("username", username);//将一个数据保存在ServletContext中，名字为 username(前),值 username(后)
  
      }
  
      @Override
      protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
          doGet(req, resp);
      }
  }
  

• 从ServletContext中获取数据

  public class GetServlet extends HttpServlet {
      @Override
      protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
          ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
  
          String username = (String) context.getAttribute("username");
  
          resp.setContentType("text/html");
          resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
  
          resp.getWriter().print("名字：" + username);
      }
  
      @Override
      protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
          doGet(req, resp);
      }
  }
  

• 配置web.xml

  <servlet>
      <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
      <servlet-class>com.ping.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  
  <servlet>
      <servlet-name>getc</servlet-name>
      <servlet-class>com.ping.servlet.GetServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>getc</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>/getc</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  

• 测试访问结果

  

  

  

2、获取初始化参数

public class ServletDemo03 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();

        String url = context.getInitParameter("url");
        resp.getWriter().print(url);
    }
}

• web.xml

<!--配置一些web应用初始化参数-->
<context-param>
    <param-name>url</param-name>
    <param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis</param-value>
</context-param>

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>getp</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.ping.servlet.ServletDemo03</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>getp</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/getp</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

• 测试结果：获取web.xml中context-param下的参数

3、请求转发

public class ServletDemo04 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();

        RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = context.getRequestDispatcher("/getp");//转发的请求路径
        requestDispatcher.forward(req,resp);//调用forward实现请求转发
        //context.getRequestDispatcher("/getp").forward(req,resp);

    }
}

• web.xml

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>sd4</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.ping.servlet.ServletDemo04</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>sd4</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/sd4</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

• 测试结果：转发到localhost:8080/s2/getp

4、读取资源文件

Properties

• 在java目录下新建properties
• 在resources目录下新建properties

发现：都被打包到了同一个路径下：classes（俗称这个路径为classpath，即类路径）

public class ServletDemo05 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

        InputStream is = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/db.properties");

        Properties prop = new Properties();
        prop.load(is);
        String user = prop.getProperty("username");
        String pwd = prop.getProperty("password");

        resp.getWriter().print(user + "." + pwd);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

• db.properties

username=root
password=123456

• web.xml

 <servlet>
        <servlet-name>sd5</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.ping.servlet.ServletDemo05</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>sd5</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/sd5</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

• 测试结果