Game of Connections-卡特兰大数模板

Game of Connections

This is a small but ancient game. You are supposed to write down the numbers 1, 2, 3, … , 2n - 1, 2n consecutively in clockwise order on the ground to form a circle, and then, to draw some straight line segments to connect them into number pairs. Every number must be connected to exactly one another. And, no two segments are allowed to intersect.

It’s still a simple game, isn’t it? But after you’ve written down the 2n numbers, can you tell me in how many different ways can you connect the numbers into pairs? Life is harder, right?

Input
Each line of the input file will be a single positive number n, except the last line, which is a number -1. You may assume that 1 <= n <= 100.

Output
For each n, print in a single line the number of ways to connect the 2n numbers into pairs.

Sample Input
2
3
-1

Sample Output
2
5

Source
Asia 2004, Shanghai (Mainland China), Preliminary

以其中一个点为基点，编号为0，然后按顺时针方向将其他点依次编号。那么与编号为0相连点的编号一定是奇数，否则，这两个编号间含有奇数个点，势必会有个点被孤立，即在一条线段的两侧分别有一个孤立点，从而导致两线段相交。设选中的基点为A，与它连接的点为B，那么A和B将所有点分成两个部分，一部分位于A、B的左边，另一部分位于A、B的右边。然后分别对这两部分求解即可。
设问题的解f(n)，那么f(n) = f(0)*f(n-2) + f(2)*f(n-4) + f(4)*f(n-6) + …f(n-4)*f(2) + f(n-2)*f(0)。f(0)*f(n-2)表示编号0的点与编号1的点相连，此时位于它们右边的点的个数为0，而位于它们左边的点为2n-2。依次类推。
f(0) = 1, f(2) = 1, f(4) = 2。结合递归式，不难发现f(2n) 等于h(n)。

#include<iostream>
#include<string.h>
using namespace std;
int a[104][100];//保存卡特兰数
int b[100];//卡特兰数的位数
void catalan() //求卡特兰数模板
{
    int i, j, len, carry, temp;
    a[1][0] = b[1] = 1;
    len = 1;
    for(i = 2; i <= 100; i++)
    {
        for(j = 0; j < len; j++) //乘法
        a[i][j] = a[i-1][j]*(4*(i-1)+2);
        carry = 0;
        for(j = 0; j < len; j++) //处理相乘结果
        {
            temp = a[i][j] + carry;
            a[i][j] = temp % 10;
            carry = temp / 10;
        }
        while(carry) //进位处理
        {
            a[i][len++] = carry % 10;
            carry /= 10;
        }
        carry = 0;
        for(j = len-1; j >= 0; j--) //除法
        {
            temp = carry*10 + a[i][j];
            a[i][j] = temp/(i+1);
            carry = temp%(i+1);
        }
        while(!a[i][len-1]) //高位零处理
        len --;
        b[i] = len;
    }
}
int main()
{
	int n,i,j;
	catalan();
	while(cin>>n)
	{
		if(n==-1) break;
		for(i=b[n]-1;i>=0;i--)
			cout<<a[n][i];
		cout<<endl;
	}
	return 0;
}