Java中用Comparable实现多条件排序

1.创建学生类

public class Student implements Comparable<Student> {
    private String name;
    private int chineseScore;
    private int mathScore;
    private int englishScore;

    public Student(String name, int chineseScore, int mathScore, int englishScore) {
        this.name = name;
        this.chineseScore = chineseScore;
        this.mathScore = mathScore;
        this.englishScore = englishScore;
    }

    // Getters
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public int getChineseScore() {
        return chineseScore;
    }

    public int getMathScore() {
        return mathScore;
    }

    public int getEnglishScore() {
        return englishScore;
    }

    // Setters
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void setChineseScore(int chineseScore) {
        this.chineseScore = chineseScore;
    }

    public void setMathScore(int mathScore) {
        this.mathScore = mathScore;
    }

    public void setEnglishScore(int englishScore) {
        this.englishScore = englishScore;
    }

    @Override
    public int compareTo(Student other) {
        if (this.chineseScore != other.chineseScore) {
            return Integer.compare(other.chineseScore, this.chineseScore);
        }
        if (this.mathScore != other.mathScore) {
            return Integer.compare(other.mathScore, this.mathScore);
        }
        if (this.englishScore != other.englishScore) {
            return Integer.compare(other.englishScore, this.englishScore);
        }
        return this.name.compareTo(other.name);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
               "name='" + name + '\'' +
               ", chineseScore=" + chineseScore +
               ", mathScore=" + mathScore +
               ", englishScore=" + englishScore +
               '}';
    }
}

2.main方法测试类

import java.util.*;

public class StudentTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<Student> students = Arrays.asList(
            new Student("Alice", 81, 90, 100),
            new Student("Bob", 80, 90, 90),
            new Student("Cob", 80, 90, 90),
            new Student("Charlie", 80, 90, 100),
            new Student("Dave", 70, 80, 90)
        );

        Collections.sort(students);

        for (Student student : students) {
            System.out.println(student);
        }
    }
}

在Java中，Comparable接口使对象能够相互比较。该接口定义了一个compareTo方法，该方法用于指定对象排序的方式。在Student类中，我们实现了这个接口并覆盖了compareTo方法，用以定义学生对象（Student对象）之间的排序规则。

在compareTo方法中，我们首先比较学生的语文成绩。如果两个学生的语文成绩不同，则按成绩降序排列（得分高的排在前）。如果它们的语文成绩相同，我们则接着比较他们的数学成绩。如果数学成绩也相同，接下来比较英语成绩。如果所有的成绩都一样，最后根据学生姓名的字母顺序升序排列。

在确定了这个比较逻辑后，我们可以很容易地对一个包含Student对象的集合进行排序。只需要调用Collections.sort()方法，并传入我们的学生列表。然后Java的排序算法将使用我们定义的compareTo方法为这些对象排序。排序的结果将使得列表根据指定的规则排列，即首先是语文成绩最高的学生，然后是数学成绩，接着是英语成绩，最后是姓名的字母顺序。