线性表的双链表

双链表的定义

typedef struct DNode {
    int data;
    struct DNode *prior, *next;
} DNode, *DLinkList;

双链表的初始化

bool InitDLinkList(DLinkList &L) {
    L = (DNode *) malloc(sizeof(DNode));
    if (L == NULL) return false;
    L->prior = NULL;
    L->next = NULL;
    return true;
}

双链表的判空操作

bool Empty(DLinkList L) {
    return L->next == NULL;
}

双链表的建立

头插法

DLinkList HeadInsert(DLinkList &L) {
    InitDLinkList(L);
    int x;
    scanf("%d", &x);
    while (x != 9999) {
        DNode *s = (DNode *) malloc(sizeof(DNode));
        s->data = x;
        if (L->next == NULL) {	//判断是否还有其他结点
            s->next = NULL;
            L->next = s;
            s->prior = L;
        } else {
            s->next = L->next;
            L->next->prior = s;

            L->next = s;
            s->prior = L;
        }
        scanf("%d", &x);
    }
    return L;
}

尾插法

DLinkList TailInsert(DLinkList &L) {
    InitDLinkList(L);
    DNode *r = L;
    int x;
    scanf("%d", &x);
    while (x != 9999) {
        DNode *s = (DNode *) malloc(sizeof(DNode));
        s->data = x;
        s->next = NULL;
        s->prior = r;
        r->next = s;
        r = s;
        scanf("%d", &x);
    }
    return L;
}

双链表的插入

尾插法

//尾插法插入
void TailInsertList(DLinkList &L, int i, int e) {
    DNode *p = GetElem(L, i);
    //printf("第%d位序的值 = %d\n", i, p->data);
    DNode *s = (DNode *) malloc(sizeof(DNode));
    s->data = e;  //赋值给新的s结点
    s->next = p->next;
    if (p->next != NULL)
        p->next->prior = s;

    p->next = s;
    s->prior = p;
}

双链表的查找

按位查找

DNode *GetElem(DLinkList L, int i) {
    int j = 1;
    DNode *p = L->next;
    if (i == 0)return L;
    if (i < 1)return NULL;
    while (p && j < i) {
        p = p->next;
        j++;
    }
    return p;
}

按值查找

DNode *LocateElem(DLinkList L, int x) {
    DNode *p = L->next;
    while (p && p->data != x) {
        p = p->next;
    }
    return p;
}

双链表的删除

//删除p结点的后继节点
bool DeleteNextDNode(DLinkList &L, int i) {
    DNode *p = GetElem(L, i-1);
    DNode *q = p->next;
    printf("p=%d\n", q->data);
    if (q == NULL) return false;
    p->next = q->next;
    if (p->next != NULL)
        q->next->prior = p;
    free(q);
    return true;
}

双链表的遍历

void PrintList(DLinkList L) {
    DNode *p = L->next;
    while (p) {
        printf("%d\t", p->data);
        p = p->next;
    }
    printf("\n");
}

注意

在按位序查找的值中, i 为第几个位序

插入(尾插)操作中, 插入在位序给 i 的后面, GetElem(L, i);

删除(尾删)操作中, 删除位序为 i 的值, 即要找到位序 i-1 的结点,GetElem(L, i-1);

需特别注意临界值的情况 ! ! !

完整代码

/**
 * @Author JiaHaoHao
 * @Date 2022/07/01 17:18
 * @ClassName: test12
 * @Description: 双链表(带头结点)
 */
#include "stdio.h"
#include "stdlib.h"

typedef struct DNode {
    int data;
    struct DNode *prior, *next;
} DNode, *DLinkList;

//初始化
bool InitDLinkList(DLinkList &L) {
    L = (DNode *) malloc(sizeof(DNode));
    if (L == NULL) return false;
    L->prior = NULL;
    L->next = NULL;
    return true;
}

//判断是否为空
bool Empty(DLinkList L) {
    return L->next == NULL;
}

//在p结点之后插入s结点
bool InsertNextDNode(DNode *p) {
    DNode *s = (DNode *) malloc(sizeof(DNode));
    s->next = p->next;
    if (p->next != NULL)
        p->next->prior = s;

    s->prior = p;
    p->next = s;
}

//头插法建立双链表
DLinkList HeadInsert(DLinkList &L) {
    InitDLinkList(L);
    int x;
    scanf("%d", &x);
    while (x != 9999) {
        DNode *s = (DNode *) malloc(sizeof(DNode));
        s->data = x;
        if (L->next == NULL) {  //判断是否还有其他结点
            s->next = NULL;
            L->next = s;
            s->prior = L;
        } else {
            s->next = L->next;
            L->next->prior = s;

            L->next = s;
            s->prior = L;
        }
        scanf("%d", &x);
    }
    return L;
}

//尾插法建立双链表
DLinkList TailInsert(DLinkList &L) {
    InitDLinkList(L);
    DNode *r = L;
    int x;
    scanf("%d", &x);
    while (x != 9999) {
        DNode *s = (DNode *) malloc(sizeof(DNode));
        s->data = x;
        s->next = NULL;
        s->prior = r;
        r->next = s;
        r = s;
        scanf("%d", &x);
    }
    return L;
}

//遍历操作
void PrintList(DLinkList L) {
    DNode *p = L->next;
    while (p) {
        printf("%d\t", p->data);
        p = p->next;
    }
    printf("\n");
}

//按值查找
DNode *LocateElem(DLinkList L, int x) {
    DNode *p = L->next;
    while (p && p->data != x) {
        p = p->next;
    }
    return p;
}

//按位查找
DNode *GetElem(DLinkList L, int i) {
    int j = 1;
    DNode *p = L->next;
    if (i == 0)return L;
    if (i < 1)return NULL;
    while (p && j < i) {
        p = p->next;
        j++;
    }
    return p;
}

//尾插法插入
void TailInsertList(DLinkList &L, int i, int e) {
    DNode *p = GetElem(L, i);
    printf("第%d位序的值 = %d\n", i, p->data);
    DNode *s = (DNode *) malloc(sizeof(DNode));
    s->data = e;  //赋值给新的s结点
    s->next = p->next;
    if (p->next != NULL)
        p->next->prior = s;

    p->next = s;
    s->prior = p;
}

//删除p结点的后继节点
bool DeleteNextDNode(DLinkList &L, int i) {
    DNode *p = GetElem(L, i - 1);
    DNode *q = p->next;
    printf("p=%d\n", q->data);
    if (q == NULL) return false;
    p->next = q->next;
    if (p->next != NULL)
        q->next->prior = p;
    free(q);
    return true;
}

int main() {
    DLinkList L;

//    HeadInsert(L);  //头插
    TailInsert(L);  //尾插

    PrintList(L);

    //printf("位序查找: %d\n", GetElem(L, 1));
    //("数值查找: %d\n", LocateElem(L, 1));

    //DeleteNextDNode(L, 4);    //删除操作

    TailInsertList(L, 3, 8);

    PrintList(L);

    return 0;
}