from urllib import request, error
try:
response = request.urlopen('http://cuiqingcai.com/index.htm')except error.URLError as e:print(e.reason)
打开一个不存在的页面,照理来说应该会报错,但是这时捕获了 URLError 这个异常,结果如下:
Not Found
程序没有直接报错,而是输出了如上内容,通过如上操作,就可以避免程序异常终止,同时异常得到了有效处理。
2. HTTPError
URLError 的子类
专门用来处理 HTTP 请求错误,比如认证请求失败等。它有如下 3 个属性。
code
返回 HTTP 状态码,比如 404 表示网页不存在,500 表示服务器内部错误等。
reason
同父类一样,用于返回错误的原因。
headers
返回请求头。
from urllib import request,error
try:
response = request.urlopen('http://cuiqingcai.com/index.htm')except error.HTTPError as e:print(e.reason, e.code, e.headers, sep='\n')
Not Found
404
Server: GitHub.com
Date: Sat,06 Feb 202114:26:11 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
X-NWS-UUID-VERIFY: c7c5d47aedfaf435901fbfd5e640a33b
Access-Control-Allow-Origin:*
ETag:"5ff19d26-c534"
x-proxy-cache: MISS
X-GitHub-Request-Id:2898:1CBE:2978BD:2C0F0C:601EA702
Accept-Ranges:bytes
Age:0
Via:1.1 varnish
X-Served-By: cache-tyo11936-TYO
X-Cache: MISS
X-Cache-Hits:0
X-Timer: S1612621571.063955,VS0,VE362
Vary: Accept-Encoding
X-Fastly-Request-ID: a1c5058b3b0352d957e12f1229eabca4e1596037
X-Daa-Tunnel: hop_count=2
X-Cache-Lookup: Hit From Upstream
X-Cache-Lookup: Hit From Inner Cluster
Content-Length:50484
X-NWS-LOG-UUID:16884913172219770640
Connection: close
X-Cache-Lookup: Cache Miss