Java学习 --- MySQL的子查询

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已于 2022-04-11 19:24:38 修改

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分类专栏：数据库MySql 文章标签： mysql

于 2021-05-13 21:18:02 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_46093575/article/details/116722253

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5.1EXISTS 与 NOT EXISTS关键字

六、练习：

一、子查询

嵌入在其它sql语句中的select语句，又叫嵌套查询

子查询（内查询）在主查询之前一次执行完成。
子查询的结果被主查询（外查询）使用。
注意事项
子查询要包含在括号内
将子查询放在比较条件的右侧
单行操作符对应单行子查询，多行操作符对应多行子查询

二、单行子查询

2.1 单行比较操作符

只返回一行数据的子查询语句。


#普通查询
SELECT salary FROM `employees` WHERE last_name = 'Abel';
SELECT salary FROM `employees` WHERE  salary >  11000;

#子查询,将第一个sql语句作为判断条件

SELECT salary FROM `employees` WHERE  salary >  
(SELECT salary FROM `employees` WHERE last_name = 'Abel');

2.2having中的子查询

SELECT department_id,MIN(salary) FROM employees
WHERE department_id  IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY department_id 
HAVING  MIN(salary) >(
                 SELECT MIN(salary) 
                 FROM employees 
                 WHERE department_id = 50
                  );

2.3 CASE中的子查询

#显式员工的employee_id,last_name和location。其中，若员工department_id与location_id为1800
#的department_id相同，则location为’Canada’，其余则为’USA’。
SELECT department_id,last_name,CASE department_id
WHEN (SELECT department_id FROM departments WHERE location_id = 1800)
THEN 'Canada' ELSE 'USA' END "location"
FROM employees;

2.4子查询中的空值问题

SELECT last_name,job_id FROM employees 
WHERE job_id =(
 SELECT job_id FROM  employees
 WHERE last_name = 'Haas'
 );

2.5 非法使用子查询

SELECT employee_id,last_name FROM employees
WHERE 
salary = (SELECT MIN(salar) FROM employees GROUP BY department_id);

三、多行子查询

3.1IN得使用

-- 查询和部门3的工作相同的雇员，不包含3号部门自己的员工
SELECT DISTINCT job FROM emp WHERE deptno = 3

SELECT ename,job,sal,deptno FROM emp WHERE job 
           IN(SELECT DISTINCT job FROM emp WHERE deptno = 3)AND deptno !=3

3.2ANY/ALL得使用

#返回其它job_id中比job_id为‘IT_PROG’部门所有工资都低的员工的员工号、姓名、job_id以及salary
SELECT employee_id,last_name,job_id,salary FROM employees 
WHERE job_id <> 'IT_PROG'
AND salary < ANY (
   SELECT salary 
   FROM employees
   WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG'
  );
  
SELECT employee_id,last_name,job_id,salary FROM employees 
WHERE job_id <> 'IT_PROG'
AND salary < ALL (
   SELECT salary 
   FROM employees
   WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG'
  );

3.3空值问题

SELECT last_name FROM employees 
WHERE employee_id NOT IN (
SELECT manager_id 
FROM employees
);

四、子查询当作临时表使用

-- 查询商品表,各类中价格最高的商品
-- 价格最高的商品max+group by cat_id,当作临时表
SELECT cat_id, MAX(shop_price) FROM ecs_goods GROUP BY cat_id

SELECT goods_id, ecs_goods.cat_id,goods_name,shop_pricd 
    FROM(SELECT cat_id, MAX(shop_price) 
    FROM ecs_goods GROUP BY cat_id)temp,ecs_goods 
    WHERE temp.cat_id = ecs_goods.cat_id 
    AND  temp.max_price = ecs_goods.shoop_price

五、相关子查询

#查询员工中工资大于本部门平均工资的员工的last_name,salary和其department_id
SELECT last_name,salary,department_id FROM employees e1
WHERE salary > (
SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees e2
WHERE e2.department_id = e1.department_id
 );

5.1EXISTS 与 NOT EXISTS关键字

关联子查询通常也会和 EXISTS操作符一起来使用，用来检查在子查询中是否存在满足条件的行。
如果在子查询中不存在满足条件的行：
条件返回 FALSE
继续在子查询中查找
如果在子查询中存在满足条件的行：
不在子查询中继续查找
条件返回 TRUE
NOT EXISTS关键字表示如果不存在某种条件，则返回TRUE，否则返回FALSE。

#查询公司管理者的employee_id，last_name，job_id，department_id信息
SELECT employee_id,last_name,job_id,department_id FROM employees e1
WHERE EXISTS (
   SELECT *
   FROM employees e2
   WHERE e1.employee_id = e2.manager_id
);

#查询departments表中，不存在于employees表中的部门的department_id和department_name
SELECT d.department_id,d.department_name FROM `departments` d
WHERE NOT EXISTS(
    SELECT * 
    FROM `employees` e
    WHERE d.department_id = e.department_id    
    );

六、练习：

-- 查询和小李成绩一样的同学
SELECT*FROM student WHERE(chinese,english,math)=(
          SELECT chinese,english,math 
          FROM student WHERE `name` ='小李') 
-- 查询每个部门工资高于本部门平均工资的人的信息
SELECT deptno,AVG(sal) AS avg_sal 
        FROM emp GROUP BY deptno   
-- 把上面的查询语句结果当作子查询,作为一个临时表使用
SELECT ename,sal,temp.avg_sal,emp.deptno FROM emp,(SELECT deptno,AVG(sal) AS avg_sal 
        FROM emp GROUP BY deptno)temp
        WHERE emp.deptno = temp.deptno AND emp.sal>temp.avg_sal

-- 查询各个部门工资最高的人的信息
    SELECT ename,sal,temp.max_sal,emp.deptno FROM emp,(SELECT deptno,MAX(sal) AS max_sal 
        FROM emp GROUP BY deptno)temp
        WHERE emp.deptno = temp.deptno AND emp.sal=temp.max_sal
-- 查询每个部门的信息（部门号，编号，地址）和员工数量
-- 把各个部门的员工数当作一个临时表
SELECT COUNT(*),deptno FROM emp GROUP BY deptno     

SELECT dname,dept.deptno,loc,tmp.num AS'员工数' 
       FROM dept,(SELECT COUNT(*)AS num,deptno 
       FROM emp GROUP BY deptno)tmp
       WHERE tmp.deptno = dept.deptno
       
 -- 第二种写法 表.*将这张表的所有列都显示出来
 SELECT tmp.*,dname,loc 
       FROM dept,(SELECT COUNT(*)AS num,deptno 
       FROM emp GROUP BY deptno)tmp
       WHERE tmp.deptno = dept.deptno

#1.查询和Zlotkey相同部门的员工姓名和工资
  SELECT last_name,salary FROM `employees` 
  WHERE  department_id IN (SELECT department_id FROM employees WHERE last_name = 'Zlotkey');
#2.查询工资比公司平均工资高的员工的员工号，姓名和工资。
   SELECT employee_id,last_name, salary FROM  `employees` WHERE salary > (SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees );
#3.选择工资大于所有JOB_ID = 'SA_MAN'的员工的工资的员工的last_name, job_id, salary
SELECT last_name,job_id,salary FROM `employees` 
WHERE  salary > ALL 
(SELECT salary FROM employees WHERE job_id = 'SA_MAN');

#4.查询和姓名中包含字母u的员工在相同部门的员工的员工号和姓名
 SELECT employee_id,last_name FROM `employees` WHERE
 department_id IN (SELECT DISTINCT department_id FROM employees WHERE last_name LIKE '%u%' );

#5.查询在部门的location_id为1700的部门工作的员工的员工号
 SELECT employee_id FROM `employees` 
 WHERE department_id 
 IN(SELECT department_id FROM `departments` WHERE location_id = 1700);
#6.查询管理者是King的员工姓名和工资
 SELECT last_name,salary FROM `employees` 
  WHERE manager_id IN (SELECT employee_id FROM `employees` WHERE last_name = 'King' );
#7.查询工资最低的员工信息: last_name, salary
 SELECT last_name,salary FROM `employees`  WHERE salary <=(SELECT MIN(salary) FROM employees );
#8.查询平均工资最低的部门信息
SELECT * FROM `departments` 
WHERE department_id = (SELECT department_id FROM `employees`
GROUP BY department_id 
HAVING AVG(salary) = (
SELECT MIN(avg_sal)
FROM (
SELECT AVG(salary) avg_sal FROM `employees` 
  GROUP BY department_id  
) t_tep));
#9.查询平均工资最低的部门信息和该部门的平均工资（相关子查询）
SELECT d.*,(SELECT AVG(salary) FROM `employees` e WHERE e.department_id = d.department_id ) "平均工资"
 FROM `departments` d
WHERE department_id = (SELECT department_id FROM `employees`
GROUP BY department_id 
HAVING AVG(salary) = (
SELECT MIN(avg_sal)
FROM (
SELECT AVG(salary) avg_sal FROM `employees` 
  GROUP BY department_id  
) t_tep));


#10.查询平均工资最高的 job 信息
SELECT * FROM `jobs` WHERE job_id = (
SELECT job_id FROM `employees` 
GROUP BY job_id 
HAVING AVG(salary) = (
SELECT MAX(sal)
FROM(SELECT AVG(salary) sal FROM employees  GROUP BY job_id ) job
));

#11.查询平均工资高于公司平均工资的部门有哪些?
SELECT department_id FROM `employees` 
WHERE department_id IS NOT NULL 
GROUP BY department_id  HAVING AVG(salary) > (
SELECT sal
FROM(
SELECT AVG(salary) sal FROM `employees`
) t_emp);

#12.查询出公司中所有 manager 的详细信息
 SELECT employee_id,last_name,job_id,department_id FROM employees e1
WHERE EXISTS (
   SELECT *
   FROM employees e2
   WHERE e1.employee_id = e2.manager_id
);
#13.各个部门中 最高工资中最低的那个部门的 最低工资是多少?
SELECT MIN(salary) FROM employees 
WHERE department_id = (SELECT department_id FROM employees 
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING MAX(salary) = (SELECT MIN(maxSal)
FROM(
SELECT MAX(salary) maxSal FROM `employees`  
GROUP BY department_id) emp));

#14.查询平均工资最高的部门的 manager 的详细信息: last_name, department_id, email, salary
SELECT last_name,department_id,email,salary FROM employees
WHERE employee_id = (
SELECT DISTINCT manager_id FROM employees 
WHERE manager_id IS NOT NULL AND department_id = (
SELECT department_id FROM employees 
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING  AVG(salary) = (SELECT MAX(sal)
FROM(
SELECT AVG(salary) sal FROM `employees` GROUP BY department_id
) emp)));

#15. 查询部门的部门号，其中不包括job_id是"ST_CLERK"的部门号
   SELECT department_id FROM `departments`
   WHERE department_id 
   NOT IN (SELECT DISTINCT department_id FROM employees WHERE job_id = 'ST_CLERK')
   
  
#16. 选择所有没有管理者的员工的last_name
   SELECT last_name FROM `employees` WHERE manager_id IS NULL;
#17．查询员工号、姓名、雇用时间、工资，其中员工的管理者为 'De Haan'
    SELECT employee_id,last_name,hire_date,salary FROM `employees` 
    WHERE manager_id IN (
           SELECT employee_id 
           FROM employees
           WHERE last_name = 'De Haan'); 
#18.查询各部门中工资比本部门平均工资高的员工的员工号, 姓名和工资（相关子查询）
SELECT last_name,salary,department_id FROM employees e1
WHERE salary > (
SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees e2
WHERE e2.department_id = e1.department_id
 );
#19.查询每个部门下的部门人数大于 5 的部门名称（相关子查询）
   SELECT department_name FROM `departments` d 
   WHERE 5 < (
          SELECT COUNT(*) 
          FROM  employees e
          WHERE d.department_id = e.department_id);
#20.查询每个国家下的部门个数大于 2 的国家编号（相关子查询）
SELECT country_id FROM `locations` l
   WHERE 2 < (
          SELECT COUNT(*) 
          FROM  `departments` d
          WHERE l.location_id = d.location_id);

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Java学习 --- MySQL的子查询

一、子查询嵌入在其它sql语句中的select语句，又叫嵌套查询二、单行子查询只返回一行数据的子查询语句。-- 子查询-- 查询与小王同一部门的员工-- 先查询小王所属部门编号-- 把SELECT deptno FROM emp WHERE ename = '小王'当作一个子查询使用SELECT deptno FROM emp WHERE ename = '小王'SELECT*FROM emp WHERE deptno= (SELECT deptno FROM emp WHERE
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