实验环境:虚拟机5(master、backup(安装Keepalived)、webserver2台、测试)
dr模式数据流向:client --> DS -->kernel space --> prerouting --> CIP:VIP --> INPUT --> ipvs -->DMAC:RMAC -->postrouting -->DS RS --rs -->lo -->eth0(VIP:CIP) --> clinet
--在master端安装ipvsadm、在webseber安装arptables
master端:
# yum install -y ipvsadm.x86_64
# vim /etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm-config
# touch /etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm(没有此文件重启ipvsadm服务会报错)
# ipvsadm -A -t 172.25.254.100:80 -s rr 添加策略(指定vip,并使用轮询的方法)
# ipvsadm -a -t 172.25.254.100:80 -r 172.25.254.2:80 -g
# ipvsadm -a -t 172.25.254.100:80 -r 172.25.254.3:80 -g 添加真实服务器
# ip addr add 172.25.254.100/24 dev ens33 将vip添加到网卡上
# ipvsadm -l
# ipvsadm -ln 查看策略(不需要解析)
webserver端
防火墙策略
# ip addr add 172.25.254.100/32 dev ens33
# arptables -A INPUT -d 172.25.254.100 -j DROP 丢掉访问vip的请求的策略,只能经过vs的vip,也就是只能通过vs请求资源,
# arptables -A OUTPUT -s 172.25.254.100 -j mangle --mangle-ip-s 172.25.254.3 真实的ip为3,以100的ip出去
测试:(由于我的虚拟及中安装过了httpd就不需要安装了)
此时已经实现了负载均衡,但是webserver如果挂掉一台就会影响到用户的访问,或者master调度端挂掉就无法调度了。这时候我们就可以使用keepalived来解决;
lvs+keepalived
Keepalived的作用是检测服务器的状态,如果有一台web服务器宕机,或工作出现故障,Keepalived将检测到,并将有故障的服务器从系统中剔除,同时使用其他服务器代替该服务器的工作,当服务器工作正常后Keepalived自动将服务器加入到服务器群中,这些工作全部自动完成,不需要人工干涉,需要人工做的只是修复故障的服务器。
在master端和backup端都需要安装keepalived(下载地址:https://www.keepalived.org/download.html)
master端:
# tar zxf keepalived-2.0.17.tar.gz
# yum install -y openssl-devel gcc 没有openssl-devel编译会报错
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived --with-init=systemd 编译
# make && make install
# ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/ /etc/ 为方便做个软链接
# vim /etc/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
root@localhhost
}
notification_email_from keepalived@loacalhost
smtp_server 172.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
#vrrp_strict
vrrp_garp_interval 0
vrrp_gna_interval 0
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface ens33
virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
172.25.254.100
}
}
virtual_server 172.25.254.100 80 {
delay_loop 3
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
#persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 172.25.254.2 80 {
TCP_CHECK {
weight 1
}
connect_timeout 3
retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
real_server 172.25.254.3 80 {
TCP_CHECK {
weight 1
}
connect_timeout 3
retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}
backup端:同master端编译安装keepalived(将配置文件中的statue:MASTER 改为BACKUP并将优先级降低,我的中将100改为了50)
global_defs {
notification_email {
root@localhhost
}
notification_email_from keepalived@loacalhost
smtp_server 172.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
#vrrp_strict
vrrp_garp_interval 0
vrrp_gna_interval 0
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface ens33
virtual_router_id 51
priority 50
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
virtual_ipaddress {
172.25.254.100
}
}
virtual_server 172.25.254.100 80 {
delay_loop 3
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
#persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 172.25.254.2 80 {
TCP_CHECK {
weight 1
}
connect_timeout 3
retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
real_server 172.25.254.3 80 {
TCP_CHECK {
weight 1
}
connect_timeout 3
retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}
测试开启backup和master端中keepalived服务
# systemctl start keepalived.service
webserver挂掉测试:
在任意一台webserver中关掉httpd服务,来模拟服务器挂掉
# systemctl stop httpd
在客户端:
# curl 172.25.254.100 (用户访问正常)
在master端查看日志(由于server3中tcp80端口断开,将server3移除)
# cat /var/log/messages
webserver开启httpd服务
# systemctl start httpd
用户端:
在master端查看日志
master调度挂掉测试:
master端:
# systemctl stop keepalived.service
用户:
在backup端查看日志(添加了172.25.254.100,master端移除了17.25.254.100)
master端开启keepalived服务
# systemctl start keepalived.service
客户端访问依旧正常,但是在buckup中移除了vip
master开始正常工作