MySQL学习周报——习题练习
1、取得每个部门最高薪水的人员名称
第一步:取得每个部门最高薪水(按照部门编号分组,找出每一组最大值)
mysql> select deptno,max(sal) as maxsal from emp group by deptno;
±-------±--------+
| deptno | maxsal |
±-------±--------+
| 10 | 5000.00 |
| 20 | 3000.00 |
| 30 | 2850.00 |
±-------±--------+
第二步:将以上的查询结果当做一张临时表t,
t和emp表连接,条件:t.deptno = e.deptno and t.maxsal = e.sal
select
e.ename, t.*
from
emp e
join
(select deptno,max(sal) as maxsal from emp group by deptno) t
on
t.deptno = e.deptno and t.maxsal = e.sal;
±------±-------±--------+
| ename | deptno | maxsal |
±------±-------±--------+
| BLAKE | 30 | 2850.00 |
| SCOTT | 20 | 3000.00 |
| KING | 10 | 5000.00 |
| FORD | 20 | 3000.00 |
±------±-------±--------+
2、哪些人的薪水在部门的平均薪水之上
第一步:找出每个部门的平均薪水
select deptno,avg(sal) as avgsal from emp group by deptno;
±-------±------------+
| deptno | avgsal |
±-------±------------+
| 10 | 2916.666667 |
| 20 | 2175.000000 |
| 30 | 1566.666667 |
±-------±------------+
第二步:将以上查询结果当做t表,t和emp表连接
条件:部门编号相同,并且emp的sal大于t表的avgsal
select
t.*, e.ename, e.sal
from
emp e
join
(select deptno,avg(sal) as avgsal from emp group by deptno) t
on
e.deptno = t.deptno and e.sal > t.avgsal;
±-------±------------±------±--------+
| deptno | avgsal | ename | sal |
±-------±------------±------±--------+
| 30 | 1566.666667 | ALLEN | 1600.00 |
| 20 | 2175.000000 | JONES | 2975.00 |
| 30 | 1566.666667 | BLAKE | 2850.00 |
| 20 | 2175.000000 | SCOTT | 3000.00 |
| 10 | 2916.666667 | KING | 5000.00 |
| 20 | 2175.000000 | FORD | 3000.00 |
±-------±------------±------±--------+
3、取得部门中(所有人的)平均的薪水等级
平均的薪水等级:先计算每一个薪水的等级,然后找出薪水等级的平均值。
平均薪水的等级:先计算平均薪水,然后找出每个平均薪水的等级值。
第一步:找出每个人的薪水等级
emp e和salgrade s表连接。
连接条件:e.sal between s.losal and s.hisal
select
e.ename,e.sal,e.deptno,s.grade
from
emp e
join
salgrade s
on
e.sal between s.losal and s.hisal;
+--------+---------+--------+-------+
| ename | sal | deptno | grade |
+--------+---------+--------+-------+
| CLARK | 2450.00 | 10 | 4 |
| KING | 5000.00 | 10 | 5 |
| MILLER | 1300.00 | 10 | 2 |
| SMITH | 800.00 | 20 | 1 |
| ADAMS | 1100.00 | 20 | 1 |
| SCOTT | 3000.00 | 20 | 4 |
| FORD | 3000.00 | 20 | 4 |
| JONES | 2975.00 | 20 | 4 |
| MARTIN | 1250.00 | 30 | 2 |
| TURNER | 1500.00 | 30 | 3 |
| BLAKE | 2850.00 | 30 | 4 |
| ALLEN | 1600.00 | 30 | 3 |
| JAMES | 950.00 | 30 | 1 |
| WARD | 1250.00 | 30 | 2 |
+--------+---------+--------+-------+
第二步:基于以上的结果继续按照deptno分组,求grade的平均值。
select
e.deptno,avg(s.grade)
from
emp e
join
salgrade s
on
e.sal between s.losal and s.hisal
group by
e.deptno;
+--------+--------------+
| deptno | avg(s.grade) |
+--------+--------------+
| 10 | 3.6667 |
| 20 | 2.8000 |
| 30 | 2.5000 |
+--------+--------------+
4、不准用组函数(Max ),取得最高薪水
第一种:sal降序,limit 1
select ename,sal from emp order by sal desc limit 1;
±------±--------+
| ename | sal |
±------±--------+
| KING | 5000.00 |
±------±--------+
第二种方案:select max(sal) from emp;
第三种方案:表的自连接
select sal from emp where sal not in(select distinct a.sal from emp a join emp b on a.sal < b.sal);
±--------+
| sal |
±--------+
| 5000.00 |
±--------+
select
distinct a.sal
from
emp a
join
emp b
on
a.sal < b.sal
a表
±--------+
| sal |
±--------+
| 800.00 |
| 1600.00 |
| 1250.00 |
| 2975.00 |
| 1250.00 |
| 2850.00 |
| 2450.00 |
| 3000.00 |
| 5000.00 |
| 1500.00 |
| 1100.00 |
| 950.00 |
| 3000.00 |
| 1300.00 |
±--------+
b表
±--------+
| sal |
±--------+
| 800.00 |
| 1600.00 |
| 1250.00 |
| 2975.00 |
| 1250.00 |
| 2850.00 |
| 2450.00 |
| 3000.00 |
| 5000.00 |
| 1500.00 |
| 1100.00 |
| 950.00 |
| 3000.00 |
| 1300.00 |
±--------+
5、取得平均薪水最高的部门的部门编号
第一种方案:降序取第一个。
第一步:找出每个部门的平均薪水
select deptno,avg(sal) as avgsal from emp group by deptno;
+--------+-------------+
| deptno | avgsal |
+--------+-------------+
| 10 | 2916.666667 |
| 20 | 2175.000000 |
| 30 | 1566.666667 |
+--------+-------------+
第二步:降序选第一个。
select deptno,avg(sal) as avgsal from emp group by deptno order by avgsal desc limit 1;
+--------+-------------+
| deptno | avgsal |
+--------+-------------+
| 10 | 2916.666667 |
+--------+-------------+
第二种方案:max
第一步:找出每个部门的平均薪水
select deptno,avg(sal) as avgsal from emp group by deptno;
+--------+-------------+
| deptno | avgsal |
+--------+-------------+
| 10 | 2916.666667 |
| 20 | 2175.000000 |
| 30 | 1566.666667 |
+--------+-------------+
第二步:找出以上结果中avgsal最大的值。
select max(t.avgsal) from (select avg(sal) as avgsal from emp group by deptno) t;
+---------------+
| max(t.avgsal) |
+---------------+
| 2916.666667 |
+---------------+
第三步:
select
deptno,avg(sal) as avgsal
from
emp
group by
deptno
having
avgsal = (select max(t.avgsal) from (select avg(sal) as avgsal from emp group by deptno) t);
+--------+-------------+
| deptno | avgsal |
+--------+-------------+
| 10 | 2916.666667 |
+--------+-------------+
6、取得平均薪水最高的部门的部门名称
select
d.dname,avg(e.sal) as avgsal
from
emp e
join
dept d
on
e.deptno = d.deptno
group by
d.dname
order by
avgsal desc
limit
1;
±-----------±------------+
| dname | avgsal |
±-----------±------------+
| ACCOUNTING | 2916.666667 |
±-----------±------------+
7、求平均薪水的等级最低的部门的部门名称
平均薪水是800
平均薪水是900
那么他俩都是1级别。
第一步:找出每个部门的平均薪水
select deptno,avg(sal) as avgsal from emp group by deptno;
±-------±------------+
| deptno | avgsal |
±-------±------------+
| 10 | 2916.666667 |
| 20 | 2175.000000 |
| 30 | 1566.666667 |
±-------±------------+
第二步:找出每个部门的平均薪水的等级
以上t表和salgrade表连接,条件:t.avgsal between s.losal and s.hisal
select
t.*,s.grade
from
(select d.dname,avg(sal) as avgsal from emp e join dept d on e.deptno = d.deptno group by d.dname) t
join
salgrade s
on
t.avgsal between s.losal and s.hisal;
±-----------±------------±------+
| dname | avgsal | grade |
±-----------±------------±------+
| SALES | 1566.666667 | 3 |
| ACCOUNTING | 2916.666667 | 4 |
| RESEARCH | 2175.000000 | 4 |
±-----------±------------±------+
select
t.*,s.grade
from
(select d.dname,avg(sal) as avgsal from emp e join dept d on e.deptno = d.deptno group by d.dname) t
join
salgrade s
on
t.avgsal between s.losal and s.hisal
where
s.grade = (select grade from salgrade where (select avg(sal) as avgsal from emp group by deptno order by avgsal asc limit 1) between losal and hisal);
±------±------------±------+
| dname | avgsal | grade |
±------±------------±------+
| SALES | 1566.666667 | 3 |
±------±------------±------+
抛开之前的,最低等级你怎么着?
平均薪水最低的对应的等级一定是最低的.
select avg(sal) as avgsal from emp group by deptno order by avgsal asc limit 1;
±------------+
| avgsal |
±------------+
| 1566.666667 |
±------------+
select grade from salgrade where (select avg(sal) as avgsal from emp group by deptno order by avgsal asc limit 1) between losal and hisal;
+-------+
| grade |
+-------+
| 3 |
+-------+
8、取得比普通员工(员工代码没有在 mgr 字段上出现的) 的最高薪水还要高的领导人姓名
比“普通员工的最高薪水”还要高的一定是领导!
没毛病!!!!
mysql> select distinct mgr from emp where mgr is not null;
±-----+
| mgr |
±-----+
| 7902 |
| 7698 |
| 7839 |
| 7566 |
| 7788 |
| 7782 |
±-----+
员工编号没有在以上范围内的都是普通员工。
第一步:找出普通员工的最高薪水!
not in在使用的时候,后面小括号中记得排除NULL。
select max(sal) from emp where empno not in(select distinct mgr from emp where mgr is not null);
±---------+
| max(sal) |
±---------+
| 1600.00 |
±---------+
第二步:找出高于1600的
select ename,sal from emp where sal > (select max(sal) from emp where empno not in(select distinct mgr from emp where mgr is not null));
±------±--------+
| ename | sal |
±------±--------+
| JONES | 2975.00 |
| BLAKE | 2850.00 |
| CLARK | 2450.00 |
| SCOTT | 3000.00 |
| KING | 5000.00 |
| FORD | 3000.00 |
±------±--------+
9、取得薪水最高的前五名员工
select ename,sal from emp order by sal desc limit 5;
±------±--------+
| ename | sal |
±------±--------+
| KING | 5000.00 |
| SCOTT | 3000.00 |
| FORD | 3000.00 |
| JONES | 2975.00 |
| BLAKE | 2850.00 |
±------±--------+
10、取得薪水最高的第六到第十名员工
select ename,sal from emp order by sal desc limit 5, 5;
±-------±--------+
| ename | sal |
±-------±--------+
| CLARK | 2450.00 |
| ALLEN | 1600.00 |
| TURNER | 1500.00 |
| MILLER | 1300.00 |
| MARTIN | 1250.00 |
±-------±--------+
11、取得最后入职的 5 名员工
日期也可以降序,升序。
select ename,hiredate from emp order by hiredate desc limit 5;
+--------+------------+
| ename | hiredate |
+--------+------------+
| ADAMS | 1987-05-23 |
| SCOTT | 1987-04-19 |
| MILLER | 1982-01-23 |
| FORD | 1981-12-03 |
| JAMES | 1981-12-03 |
+--------+------------+
12、取得每个薪水等级有多少员工
分组count
第一步:找出每个员工的薪水等级
select
e.ename,e.sal,s.grade
from
emp e
join
salgrade s
on
e.sal between s.losal and s.hisal;
±-------±--------±------+
| ename | sal | grade |
±-------±--------±------+
| SMITH | 800.00 | 1 |
| ALLEN | 1600.00 | 3 |
| WARD | 1250.00 | 2 |
| JONES | 2975.00 | 4 |
| MARTIN | 1250.00 | 2 |
| BLAKE | 2850.00 | 4 |
| CLARK | 2450.00 | 4 |
| SCOTT | 3000.00 | 4 |
| KING | 5000.00 | 5 |
| TURNER | 1500.00 | 3 |
| ADAMS | 1100.00 | 1 |
| JAMES | 950.00 | 1 |
| FORD | 3000.00 | 4 |
| MILLER | 1300.00 | 2 |
±-------±--------±------+
第二步:继续按照grade分组统计数量
select
s.grade ,count(*)
from
emp e
join
salgrade s
on
e.sal between s.losal and s.hisal
group by
s.grade;
±------±---------+
| grade | count(*) |
±------±---------+
| 1 | 3 |
| 2 | 3 |
| 3 | 2 |
| 4 | 5 |
| 5 | 1 |
±------±---------+
13、面试题:
有 3 个表 S(学生表),C(课程表),SC(学生选课表)
S(SNO,SNAME)代表(学号,姓名)
C(CNO,CNAME,CTEACHER)代表(课号,课名,教师)
SC(SNO,CNO,SCGRADE)代表(学号,课号,成绩)
问题:
1,找出没选过“黎明”老师的所有学生姓名。
2,列出 2 门以上(含2 门)不及格学生姓名及平均成绩。
3,即学过 1 号课程又学过 2 号课所有学生的姓名。
14、列出所有员工及领导的姓名
select
a.ename ‘员工’, b.ename ‘领导’
from
emp a
left join
emp b
on
a.mgr = b.empno;
±-------±------+
| 员工 | 领导 |
±-------±------+
| SMITH | FORD |
| ALLEN | BLAKE |
| WARD | BLAKE |
| JONES | KING |
| MARTIN | BLAKE |
| BLAKE | KING |
| CLARK | KING |
| SCOTT | JONES |
| KING | NULL |
| TURNER | BLAKE |
| ADAMS | SCOTT |
| JAMES | BLAKE |
| FORD | JONES |
| MILLER | CLARK |
±-------±------+
15、列出受雇日期早于其直接上级的所有员工的编号,姓名,部门名称
emp a 员工表
emp b 领导表
a.mgr = b.empno and a.hiredate < b.hiredate
select
a.ename ‘员工’, a.hiredate, b.ename ‘领导’, b.hiredate, d.dname
from
emp a
join
emp b
on
a.mgr = b.empno
join
dept d
on
a.deptno = d.deptno
where
a.hiredate < b.hiredate;
±------±-----------±------±-----------±-----------+
| 员工 | hiredate | 领导 | hiredate | dname |
±------±-----------±------±-----------±-----------+
| CLARK | 1981-06-09 | KING | 1981-11-17 | ACCOUNTING |
| SMITH | 1980-12-17 | FORD | 1981-12-03 | RESEARCH |
| JONES | 1981-04-02 | KING | 1981-11-17 | RESEARCH |
| ALLEN | 1981-02-20 | BLAKE | 1981-05-01 | SALES |
| WARD | 1981-02-22 | BLAKE | 1981-05-01 | SALES |
| BLAKE | 1981-05-01 | KING | 1981-11-17 | SALES |
±------±-----------±------±-----------±-----------+