超详细Linux安装MySql教程

下载地址：

https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/

1、上传至安装目录

cd /usr/local/mysql

2、解压

tar -xvf mysql-8.0.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

3、重命名

mv mysql-5.7.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql

4、创建data文件：存放数据表及其它文件

cd mysql
mkdir data

5、创建用户组

groupadd mysql

6、添加mysql用户

useradd -g mysql mysql

7、授权用户

chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql

8、拷贝mysql.server至/etc/init.d/mysql 添加mysqld服务到系统

cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

9、新建 /etc/my.cnf

vim /etc/my.cnf 

[client]  
default-character-set=utf8mb4  
#password   = your_password  
port        = 3306 
socket      = /tmp/mysql.sock  

# The MySQL server   
[mysqld]  

# 自己配置的mysql的文件夹 和 mysql data目录
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
default-storage-engine=INNODB  
character-set-server=utf8mb4  
collation-server=utf8mb4_general_ci  
port        = 3306 
socket      = /tmp/mysql.sock  
skip-external-locking  
key_buffer_size = 16K  
max_allowed_packet = 64M  
table_open_cache = 4 
sort_buffer_size = 64K  
read_buffer_size = 256K  
read_rnd_buffer_size = 256K  
net_buffer_length = 2K  
thread_stack = 128K  
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
server-id   = 1 

# Uncomment the following if you want to log updates  
#log-bin=mysql-bin  

# binary logging format - mixed recommended  
#binlog_format=mixed  

[mysqldump]  
quick  
max_allowed_packet = 64M  

[mysql]  
default-character-set = utf8mb4
no-auto-rehash  
# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL  
#safe-updates  

[myisamchk]  
key_buffer_size = 8M  
sort_buffer_size = 8M  

[mysqlhotcopy]  
interactive-timeout 

10、初始化基础信息，最后一行有密码

cd bin
./mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql

./mysqld_safe --user=mysql

11、添加mysql命令到服务

ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin

12、连接mysql

./mysql -uroot -p

13、修改密码

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'liujianming';
#注意：每一句后面都要加“;”
flush privileges;

use mysql; 

update user set host='%' where user='root';

flush privileges;

14、防火墙

firewall-cmd --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload

15、开放（云）服务器端口

16、启动命令

service mysql start   #启动MySQL
service mysql stop    #停止MySQL
service mysql restart #重启MySQL
service mysql status  #查看MySQL状态

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