SpringData Redis

一. Spring Data 介绍

Spring Data 官网https://spring.io/projects/spring-data

        Spring Data是一个用于简化数据库访问的开源框架。其主要目标是使得对数据的访问变得方便快捷，包含多个子项目：

• Spring Data JDBC- 对JDBC的Spring Data存储库支持。

• Spring Data JPA - 对JPA的Spring Data存储库支持。

• Spring Data MongoDB - 对MongoDB的基于Spring对象文档的存储库支持。

• Spring Data Redis - 从Spring应用程序轻松配置和访问Redis。

二. Spring Data Redis 介绍

Spring Data Redis 是属于 Spring Data 下的一个模块，作用就是简化对于 redis 的操作

spring-data-redis针对jedis提供了如下功能：

• 提供了一个高度封装的“RedisTemplate”类，里面封装了对于Redis的五种数据结构的各种操作，包括：

 - redisTemplate.opsForValue()：操作字符串
 - redisTemplate.opsForHash()：操作hash
 - redisTemplate.opsForList()：操作list
 - redisTemplate.opsForSet()：操作set
 - redisTemplate.opsForZSet()：操作zset

• SpringBoot2.x后RedisTemplate采用是lettuce(基于netty采用异步非阻塞式lO)进行通信，大并发下比jedis效率更高。（这是为什么我们用redisTemplate而不用jedis的原因）

• RedisTemplate模板使用序列化器操作redis数据，预定义的序列化方案有：

序列化器	说明
JdkSerializationRedisSerializer	POJO对象的存取场景，使用JDK本身序列化机制，将pojo类通过ObjectInputstream/ObjectOutputstream进行序列化操作，最终redis-server中将存储字节序列。是目前最常用的序列化策略。
stringRedisSerializer	Key或者value为字符串的场景，根据指定的charset对数据的字节序列编码成string,是"new String(bytes,charset)"和“string.getBytes(charset)"的直接封装。是最轻量级和高效的策略。
GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer	jackson-json工具提供了javabean与json之间的转换能力，可以将pojo实例序列化成json格式存储在redis中，也可以将json格式的数据转换成pojo实例。

• Spring Data Redis的启动器 

<!--Spring Boot Data Redis Starter-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
    <version>2.3.2.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

二. Spring Data Redis 的入门案例

3.1 创建工程：springdata_redis

•  pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.2.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>

    <groupId>com.bjpowernode</groupId>
    <artifactId>springdata_redis</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <!-- 项目源码及编译输出的编码 -->
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    <!-- 项目编译JDK版本 -->
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- springBoot的启动器 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Spring Data Redis的启动器 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--junit 的启动器-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

• application.yml

spring:
  redis:
    host: 120.79.157.129
    port: 6379
    database: 2
    # password:  #默认为空
    lettuce:
      pool:
        max-active: 20  #最大连接数，负值表示没有限制，默认8
        max-wait: -1    #最大阻塞等待时间，负值表示没限制，默认-1
        max-idle: 8     #最大空闲连接，默认8
        min-idle: 0     #最小空闲连接，默认0																																																																																																										

• config

package com.bjpowernode.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.jedis.JedisConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.JdkSerializationRedisSerializer;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer;

/**
 * 完成对Redis的整合的一些配置
 */
@Configuration
public class RedisConfig {

    /**
     * 创建RedisTemplate:用于执行Redis操作的方法
     */
    @Bean
    public RedisTemplate<String, Object> getRedisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory factory)    {
        RedisTemplate<String, Object> template = new RedisTemplate<String, Object>();
        template.setConnectionFactory(factory);
        return template;
    }
}

• 启动类App

package com.bjpowernode;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class App {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(App.class, args);
	}
}

•  pojo实体类

package com.bjpowernode.pojo;

import java.io.Serializable;

public class User implements Serializable {
	
	private Integer id;
	private String name;
	private Integer age;
	public Integer getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(Integer id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public Integer getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(Integer age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]";
	}
}

• 测试

package com.bjpowernode.test;

import com.bjpowernode.RedisApp;
import com.bjpowernode.pojo.User;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.JdkSerializationRedisSerializer;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = {RedisApp.class})
public class RedisTest {

    //默认key-value的序列化器是JdkSerializationRedisSerializer
    @Autowired
    private RedisTemplate redisTemplate;

    /**
     * 1、StringRedisSerializer：key或value是字符串时使用
     */
    @Test
    public void testSetStr(){
        redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
        redisTemplate.setValueSerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
        redisTemplate.opsForValue().set("str", "张三丰");
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetStr(){
        redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
        redisTemplate.setValueSerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
        String str = (String) redisTemplate.opsForValue().get("str");
        System.out.println(str);
    }

    /**
     * 2、JdkSerializationRedisSerializer：pojo<----->字节序列，大小243，乱码
     */
    @Test
    public void testSetPojo(){
        User user = new User();
        user.setId(1);
        user.setName("张三丰");
        user.setAge(140);

        redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
        redisTemplate.setValueSerializer(new JdkSerializationRedisSerializer());
        redisTemplate.opsForValue().set("user", user);
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetPojo(){
        redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
        redisTemplate.setValueSerializer(new JdkSerializationRedisSerializer());
        User user = (User) redisTemplate.opsForValue().get("user");
        System.out.println(user);
    }

    /**
     * GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer：pojo<------>json，大小74，不乱码
     */
    @Test
    public void testSetPojo2(){
        User user = new User();
        user.setId(1);
        user.setName("张三丰");
        user.setAge(140);

        redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
        redisTemplate.setValueSerializer(new GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer());
        redisTemplate.opsForValue().set("user2", user);
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetPojo2(){
        redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
        redisTemplate.setValueSerializer(new GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer());
        User user2 = (User) redisTemplate.opsForValue().get("user2");
        System.out.println(user2);
    }

    /**
     * GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer处理String
     */
    @Test
    public void testSetStr2(){
        redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
        redisTemplate.setValueSerializer(new GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer());
        redisTemplate.opsForValue().set("str2", "张三丰");
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetStr2(){
        redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
        redisTemplate.setValueSerializer(new GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer());
        String str2 = (String) redisTemplate.opsForValue().get("str2");
        System.out.println(str2);
    }

    /**
     * 使用通用的序列化器
     */
    @Test
    public void testSetPojo3(){
        User user = new User();
        user.setId(1);
        user.setName("张三丰");
        user.setAge(140);

        redisTemplate.opsForValue().set("user3", user);
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetPojo3(){
        User user3 = (User) redisTemplate.opsForValue().get("user3");
        System.out.println(user3);
    }
}

3.2 存在的问题

        每次存取pojo数据都要重新设置value的序列化器

3.21 解决措施

• 设置通用序列化器

package com.bjpowernode.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer;

@Configuration
public class RedisConfig {

    @Bean
    public RedisTemplate redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory factory){
        RedisTemplate redisTemplate = new RedisTemplate();
        redisTemplate.setConnectionFactory(factory);

        //设置通用序列化器
        redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
        redisTemplate.setValueSerializer(new GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer());
        redisTemplate.setHashKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
        redisTemplate.setHashValueSerializer(new GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer());
        return redisTemplate;
    }
}