一. Spring Data 介绍
Spring Data 官网https://spring.io/projects/spring-data
Spring Data是一个用于简化数据库访问的开源框架。其主要目标是使得对数据的访问变得方便快捷,包含多个子项目:
Spring Data JDBC- 对JDBC的Spring Data存储库支持。
Spring Data JPA - 对JPA的Spring Data存储库支持。
Spring Data MongoDB - 对MongoDB的基于Spring对象文档的存储库支持。
Spring Data Redis - 从Spring应用程序轻松配置和访问Redis。
二. Spring Data Redis 介绍
Spring Data Redis 是属于 Spring Data 下的一个模块,作用就是简化对于 redis 的操作
spring-data-redis针对jedis提供了如下功能:
- 提供了一个高度封装的“RedisTemplate”类,里面封装了对于Redis的五种数据结构的各种操作,包括:
- redisTemplate.opsForValue():操作字符串
- redisTemplate.opsForHash():操作hash
- redisTemplate.opsForList():操作list
- redisTemplate.opsForSet():操作set
- redisTemplate.opsForZSet():操作zset
-
SpringBoot2.x后RedisTemplate采用是lettuce(基于netty采用异步非阻塞式lO)进行通信,大并发下比jedis效率更高。(这是为什么我们用redisTemplate而不用jedis的原因)
-
RedisTemplate模板使用序列化器操作redis数据,预定义的序列化方案有:
序列化器 | 说明 |
---|---|
JdkSerializationRedisSerializer | POJO对象的存取场景,使用JDK本身序列化机制,将pojo类通过ObjectInputstream/ObjectOutputstream进行序列化操作,最终redis-server中将存储字节序列。是目前最常用的序列化策略。 |
stringRedisSerializer | Key或者value为字符串的场景,根据指定的charset对数据的字节序列编码成string,是"new String(bytes,charset)"和“string.getBytes(charset)"的直接封装。是最轻量级和高效的策略。 |
GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer | jackson-json工具提供了javabean与json之间的转换能力,可以将pojo实例序列化成json格式存储在redis中,也可以将json格式的数据转换成pojo实例。 |
- Spring Data Redis的启动器
<!--Spring Boot Data Redis Starter-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
<version>2.3.2.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
二. Spring Data Redis 的入门案例
3.1 创建工程:springdata_redis
- pom文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.3.2.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<groupId>com.bjpowernode</groupId>
<artifactId>springdata_redis</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<!-- 项目源码及编译输出的编码 -->
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<!-- 项目编译JDK版本 -->
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<dependencies>
<!-- springBoot的启动器 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring Data Redis的启动器 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--junit 的启动器-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
-
application.yml
spring:
redis:
host: 120.79.157.129
port: 6379
database: 2
# password: #默认为空
lettuce:
pool:
max-active: 20 #最大连接数,负值表示没有限制,默认8
max-wait: -1 #最大阻塞等待时间,负值表示没限制,默认-1
max-idle: 8 #最大空闲连接,默认8
min-idle: 0 #最小空闲连接,默认0
- config
package com.bjpowernode.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.jedis.JedisConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.JdkSerializationRedisSerializer;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer;
/**
* 完成对Redis的整合的一些配置
*/
@Configuration
public class RedisConfig {
/**
* 创建RedisTemplate:用于执行Redis操作的方法
*/
@Bean
public RedisTemplate<String, Object> getRedisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory factory) {
RedisTemplate<String, Object> template = new RedisTemplate<String, Object>();
template.setConnectionFactory(factory);
return template;
}
}
- 启动类App
package com.bjpowernode;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class App {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(App.class, args);
}
}
- pojo实体类
package com.bjpowernode.pojo;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class User implements Serializable {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Integer age;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]";
}
}
-
测试
package com.bjpowernode.test;
import com.bjpowernode.RedisApp;
import com.bjpowernode.pojo.User;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.JdkSerializationRedisSerializer;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = {RedisApp.class})
public class RedisTest {
//默认key-value的序列化器是JdkSerializationRedisSerializer
@Autowired
private RedisTemplate redisTemplate;
/**
* 1、StringRedisSerializer:key或value是字符串时使用
*/
@Test
public void testSetStr(){
redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
redisTemplate.setValueSerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
redisTemplate.opsForValue().set("str", "张三丰");
}
@Test
public void testGetStr(){
redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
redisTemplate.setValueSerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
String str = (String) redisTemplate.opsForValue().get("str");
System.out.println(str);
}
/**
* 2、JdkSerializationRedisSerializer:pojo<----->字节序列,大小243,乱码
*/
@Test
public void testSetPojo(){
User user = new User();
user.setId(1);
user.setName("张三丰");
user.setAge(140);
redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
redisTemplate.setValueSerializer(new JdkSerializationRedisSerializer());
redisTemplate.opsForValue().set("user", user);
}
@Test
public void testGetPojo(){
redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
redisTemplate.setValueSerializer(new JdkSerializationRedisSerializer());
User user = (User) redisTemplate.opsForValue().get("user");
System.out.println(user);
}
/**
* GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer:pojo<------>json,大小74,不乱码
*/
@Test
public void testSetPojo2(){
User user = new User();
user.setId(1);
user.setName("张三丰");
user.setAge(140);
redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
redisTemplate.setValueSerializer(new GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer());
redisTemplate.opsForValue().set("user2", user);
}
@Test
public void testGetPojo2(){
redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
redisTemplate.setValueSerializer(new GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer());
User user2 = (User) redisTemplate.opsForValue().get("user2");
System.out.println(user2);
}
/**
* GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer处理String
*/
@Test
public void testSetStr2(){
redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
redisTemplate.setValueSerializer(new GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer());
redisTemplate.opsForValue().set("str2", "张三丰");
}
@Test
public void testGetStr2(){
redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
redisTemplate.setValueSerializer(new GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer());
String str2 = (String) redisTemplate.opsForValue().get("str2");
System.out.println(str2);
}
/**
* 使用通用的序列化器
*/
@Test
public void testSetPojo3(){
User user = new User();
user.setId(1);
user.setName("张三丰");
user.setAge(140);
redisTemplate.opsForValue().set("user3", user);
}
@Test
public void testGetPojo3(){
User user3 = (User) redisTemplate.opsForValue().get("user3");
System.out.println(user3);
}
}
3.2 存在的问题
每次存取pojo数据都要重新设置value的序列化器
3.21 解决措施
- 设置通用序列化器
package com.bjpowernode.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer;
@Configuration
public class RedisConfig {
@Bean
public RedisTemplate redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory factory){
RedisTemplate redisTemplate = new RedisTemplate();
redisTemplate.setConnectionFactory(factory);
//设置通用序列化器
redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
redisTemplate.setValueSerializer(new GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer());
redisTemplate.setHashKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
redisTemplate.setHashValueSerializer(new GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer());
return redisTemplate;
}
}