声明结构体与初始化
结构体数组
定义结构体
struct A{
string name;
int age;
int score;
}
结构体初始化
- 声明后初始化
struct A a1;
a1.name = "zzj";
a1.age = 21;
a1.score = 80;
cout << a1.name<<" "<<a1.age << " " <<a1.score << endl;//zzj 21 80
- 声明同时初始化
struct A a2 = { "mhz",22,99};
cout << a2.name << " " << a2.age << " " << a2.score << endl;//mhz 22 99
- 定义结构体的时候直接声明
struct A{
string name;
int age;
int score;
}a3;//s3表示定义结构体变量s3
a3.name = "mhzzj";
a3.age = 9999;
a3.score = 100;
cout << a3.name << " " << a3.age << " " << a3.score << endl;//mhzzj 9999 100
结构体数组
struct A {
string name;
int age;
int score;
};
int main() {
//定义结构体的同时初始化
//struct A arr[4]; 声明结构体数组
//声明结构体数组的同时进行初始化
struct A arr[4] = {
{ "zzj",21,80},
{ "mhz",22,99},
{ "mhzzj",100,9999}
};
int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);//求数组的长度
//给结构体数组赋初值
arr[3] = { "wyq",100,100 };
//结构体数组遍历
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
cout << arr[i].name << " " << arr[i].age << " " << arr[i].score << endl;
}
运行结果
zzj 21 80
mhz 22 99
mhzzj 100 9999
wyq 100 100
结构体引用
struct A {
string name;
int age;
int score;
};
void printStu(struct A& p);//声明函数,放在后面实现
int main() {
struct A a = { "mhzzj",100,9999 };
struct A& p = a;
printStu(p);//mhzzj 100 9999
}
void printStu(struct A& p) {
cout << p.name << " " << p.age << " " << p.score << endl;//mhzzj 100 9999
}
结构体指针
struct A {
string name;
int age;
int score;
};
int main() {
struct A a = { "mhzzj",100,9999 };
struct A* p = &a;
cout << p->name << " " << p->age << " " << p->score << endl;//mhzzj 100 9999
}
结构体嵌套
struct A {
string name;
int age;
int score;
};
struct B {
string name;
int id;
struct A a;
};
int main() {
struct B b = { "mhzzj",100,{"zzj",21,80} };
struct B* p = &b;
cout << p->name << " " << p->id << " "
<< p->a.name << " " << p->a.age << " " << p->a.score << endl;//mhzzj 100 zzj 21 80
}