如何优化Servlet？

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-06 21:08:24 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-04-06 21:08:24 发布

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文章标签： servlet java

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_46346397/article/details/126555016

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为什么要优化Servlet

如何优化？

为什么要优化Servlet

每多出一个JSP，都要编写一个与之相关的Servlet，当页面多起来与之Servlet就会很多。一个简单的web项目就会有很多的Servlet会使项目变臃肿。

所以为了减少Servlet数量，抽取出一个父类BaseServlet来继承HttpServlet,然后其他的UserServlet,FileServlet,IndexServlet都继承BaseServlet，然后再BaseServlet中的service方法中去进行方法分发，通过反射动态的去获取调用相关的方法。如下：

package com.blb.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;


public class BaseServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF8");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF8");//设置请求响应的编码为UTF-8

        String uri = req.getRequestURI();  // 访问的Uri为/user/....
        String method = uri.substring(uri.lastIndexOf("/") + 1);//截取访问路径的url最后的字段就是需要去访问的方法名，就是获取user/后面得字段

        Class<? extends BaseServlet> aClass = this.getClass();  //通过反射创建对象，谁调用就创建他的Class对象
        try {
            //获取对应的方法
            Method declaredMethod = aClass.getDeclaredMethod(method,HttpServletRequest.class,HttpServletResponse.class);
            declaredMethod.invoke(this,req,resp);   //这里的this就是谁调用这个方法，就是谁
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}

如何优化？

根据不同的操作来编写BaseServlet的子类，例如：这里的登录，注册，登出，新增用户，修改用户，删除用户都是跟用户相关的，所以写一个UserServlet来继承BaseServlet，配置UserServlet的("/user/*")。然后将用户操作的全部当方法卸载UserServlet里面。每当访问到/user/...是都会动态的获取最后的字段然后再去BaseServlet里面去调service方法，在通过反射调用相对应的方法完成操作。文件的上传与下载则是放在FileServlet下面是改造完的UserServlet:

package com.blb.servlet;

import com.blb.entity.User;
import com.blb.service.IUserService;
import com.blb.service.impl.IUserServiceImpl;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;


@WebServlet("/user/*")
public class UserServlet extends BaseServlet{
    IUserService iUserService = new IUserServiceImpl();

    /**
     * 新增用户
     * @param req
     * @param resp
     */
    public void add(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp){
        String name = req.getParameter("name");
        String pwd = req.getParameter("pwd");
        try {
            iUserService.register(name,pwd);
            resp.sendRedirect("/index");
        } catch (Exception e) {
//            e.printStackTrace();
            req.setAttribute("msg",e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    /**
     * 删除用户
     * @param req
     * @param resp
     */
    public void deleteServlet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp){
        String id = req.getParameter("id");
        try {
            iUserService.delete(Integer.parseInt(id));
            resp.sendRedirect("/index");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 注册用户
     * @param req
     * @param resp
     */
    public void register(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp){
        String name = req.getParameter("name");    //获取页面提交过来的账号密码
        String pwd = req.getParameter("pwd");

        try {
            iUserService.register(name,pwd);    
            resp.sendRedirect("login.jsp");    //注册成功就跳转到登录页面
        } catch (Exception e) {    //注册失败就提示
            req.setAttribute("msg",e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    /**
     * 修改用户
     * @param req
     * @param resp
     */
    public void update(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp){
        String id = req.getParameter("id");
        String name = req.getParameter("name");
        String pwd = req.getParameter("pwd");    //获取update页面提交的数据
        try {
            iUserService.update(Integer.parseInt(id),name,pwd);    //再根据提交的数据修改数据库中的值
            resp.sendRedirect("/index");    //修改完之后跳转到index
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 登录
     * @param req
     * @param resp
     */
    public void login(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException, ServletException {
        req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF8");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF8");
        resp.setContentType("text/html; charset=UTF8");

        String name = req.getParameter("name");
        String pwd = req.getParameter("password");
        String check = req.getParameter("check");
        try {
            User user = iUserService.login(name, pwd);
            ServletContext servletContext = req.getServletContext();
            //七天免登陆
            //1.获取session对象
            HttpSession session = req.getSession();
            if ("on".equals(check)){
                //2.设置session最大存在时间
                session.setMaxInactiveInterval(60*60*24*7);
                //3.创建cookie对象key=JSESSIONID ,value=session.getId()
                Cookie cookie = new Cookie("JSESSIONID", session.getId());
                //4.设置cookie的最大存在时间
                cookie.setMaxAge(60*60*24*7);
                //4.设置path，即web下的而所有页面都能使用（所有应用共享cookie）
                cookie.setPath("/");
                //4.添加到Cookie
                resp.addCookie(cookie);
            }else{
                session.setMaxInactiveInterval(60*30);
                Cookie cookie = new Cookie("JSESSIONID", session.getId());
                cookie.setMaxAge(-1);   //cookie会在会话结束时销毁（默认值）
                cookie.setPath("/");
                resp.addCookie(cookie);
            }

            //回话T出
            if (servletContext.getAttribute(name)!=null){
                HttpSession httpsession = (HttpSession)servletContext.getAttribute(name);//干掉上一个session
                httpsession.invalidate();
                servletContext.removeAttribute(name);
            }
            servletContext.setAttribute("name",session);             //将自己的session放进去
            req.getSession().setAttribute("user",user);
            resp.sendRedirect("/index");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            //登陆失败像request作用域中存放错误信息
            req.setAttribute("msg",e.getMessage());
            //然后跳转到登录界面继续登录
            req.getRequestDispatcher("login.jsp").forward(req,resp);
        }
    }

    public void logout(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException {
        String name = req.getParameter("name");
        req.getSession().invalidate();      //干掉session
        ServletContext servletContext = req.getServletContext();
        servletContext.removeAttribute(name); //移除
        resp.sendRedirect("/login.jsp");
    }
}

同理，文件的上传与下载也是这样改造：

package com.blb.servlet;

import com.blb.entity.User;
import com.blb.service.IUserService;
import com.blb.service.impl.IUserServiceImpl;
import com.blb.utils.IOUtils;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.annotation.MultipartConfig;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.Part;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.URLEncoder;

@MultipartConfig
@WebServlet("/file/*")
public class FileServlet extends BaseServlet{

    IUserService iUserService = new IUserServiceImpl();
    /**
     * 上传文件
     * @param req
     * @param resp
     * @throws IOException
     * @throws ServletException
     */
    public void upload(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException, ServletException {
        req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");

        Part part = req.getPart("file");
        User user = (User) req.getSession().getAttribute("user");
        File file = new File("F:/upload/" + user.getName() + "/");
        if (!file.exists()){file.mkdirs();}
        String fileName = part.getSubmittedFileName();
        InputStream is = part.getInputStream();
        FileOutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(file.getPath()+"/"+ fileName);

        IOUtils.upload(is, os);

        resp.sendRedirect("/index");
    }

    /**
     * 显示文件
     * @param req
     * @param resp
     * @throws ServletException
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public void down(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        User user = (User) req.getSession().getAttribute("user");
        String[] list = new File("F:/upload/" +user.getName()+"/").list();

        req.getSession().setAttribute("filename",list);
        resp.sendRedirect("/download.jsp");
    }

    /**
     * 下载文件
     * @param req
     * @param resp
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public void download(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException {
        //获取文件名
        String filename = req.getParameter("name");
        //获取当前对象
        User user = (User) req.getSession().getAttribute("user");
        //构建输入输出流对象
        FileInputStream is = new FileInputStream("F:/upload/" +user.getName()+"/"+ filename);
        //获取文件大小
        int len = is.available();

        ServletOutputStream os = resp.getOutputStream();

        //告诉浏览器文件类型是二进制
        resp.setContentType("application/octet-stream");
        //告诉浏览器文件名
        resp.setHeader("content-disposition","attachment;filename="+ URLEncoder.encode(filename,"utf-8"));
        //告诉浏览器文件大小
        resp.setContentLength(len);

        IOUtils.upload(is,os);
    }


    /**
     * 显示图片
     * @param req
     * @param resp
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public void showImg(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException {
        //获取文件名
        String imgName = req.getParameter("img");
        User user = (User) req.getSession().getAttribute("user");
        //构建输入输出流对象
        FileInputStream is = new FileInputStream("F:/upload/img/"+ imgName);
        ServletOutputStream os = resp.getOutputStream();
        resp.setContentType("image/jpg");
        IOUtils.upload(is,os);
    }

    /**
     * 上传头像
     * @param req
     * @param resp
     * @throws IOException
     * @throws ServletException
     */
    public void uploadImg(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException, ServletException {
        req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        Part part = req.getPart("img");
        User user = (User)req.getSession().getAttribute("user");
        String submittedFileName = part.getSubmittedFileName();
        InputStream is = part.getInputStream();
        FileOutputStream os = new FileOutputStream("F:/upload/img/"+ submittedFileName);
        IOUtils.upload(is, os);
        iUserService.uploadImg(user.getId(),part.getSubmittedFileName());
        resp.sendRedirect("/index");
    }
}

这样改造完之后，servlet的数量少了很多。也满足了代码的高内聚低耦合的原则。