Codeforces Round #605 (Div. 3)

Codeforces Round #605 (Div. 3)

B. Snow Walking Robot

Recently you have bought a snow walking robot and brought it home. Suppose your home is a cell (0,0）on an infinite grid.
You also have the sequence of instructions of this robot. It is written as the string s consisting of characters ‘L’, ‘R’, ‘U’ and ‘D’. If the robot is in the cell (x,y) right now, he can move to one of the adjacent cells (depending on the current instruction).

操作	说明
If the current instruction is ‘L’,	then the robot can move to the left to (x−1,y);
if the current instruction is ‘R’,	then the robot can move to the right to (x+1,y);
if the current instruction is ‘U’,	then the robot can move to the top to (x,y+1);
if the current instruction is ‘D’,	then the robot can move to the bottom to (x,y−1)

You’ve noticed the warning on the last page of the manual: if the robot visits some cell (except (0,0)) twice then it breaks.
So the sequence of instructions is valid if the robot starts in the cell (0,0), performs the given instructions, visits no cell other than (0,0) two or more times and ends the path in the cell (0,0). Also cell (0,0) should be visited at most two times: at the beginning and at the end (if the path is empty then it is visited only once). For example, the following sequences of instructions are considered valid: “UD”, “RL”, “UUURULLDDDDLDDRRUU”, and the following are considered invalid: “U” (the endpoint is not (0,0)) and “UUDD” (the cell (0,1) is visited twice).
The initial sequence of instructions, however, might be not valid. You don’t want your robot to break so you decided to reprogram it in the following way: you will remove some (possibly, all or none) instructions from the initial sequence of instructions, then rearrange the remaining instructions as you wish and turn on your robot to move.
Your task is to remove as few instructions from the initial sequence as possible and rearrange the remaining ones so that the sequence is valid. Report the valid sequence of the maximum length you can obtain.
Note that you can choose any order of remaining instructions (you don’t need to minimize the number of swaps or any other similar metric).
You have to answer q independent test cases.
Input
The first line of the input contains one integer q
(1≤q≤2⋅10^4) — the number of test cases.
The next q lines contain test cases. The i-th test case is given as the string s consisting of at least 1 and no more than 10^5 characters ‘L’, ‘R’, ‘U’ and ‘D’ — the initial sequence of instructions.
It is guaranteed that the sum of |s| (where |s| is the length of s) does not exceed 105 over all test cases (∑|s|≤105).
Output
For each test case print the answer on it. In the first line print the maximum number of remaining instructions. In the second line print the valid sequence of remaining instructions t the robot has to perform. The moves are performed from left to right in the order of the printed sequence. If there are several answers, you can print any. If the answer is 0, you are allowed to print an empty line (but you can don’t print it).
Example
Input

6
LRU
DURLDRUDRULRDURDDL
LRUDDLRUDRUL
LLLLRRRR
URDUR LLL

Output

2
LR
14
RUURDDDDLLLUUR
12
ULDDDRRRUULL
2
LR
2
UD
0

Note

There are only two possible answers in the first test case: “LR” and “RL”.
The picture corresponding to the second test case:

Note that the direction of traverse does not matter.
Another correct answer to the third test case: “URDDLLLUURDR”.
解析
题目很长，但是并不难，理解后做起来很简单。大概意思就是说，想要修改最少次数的已给路径，实现经过一轮操作后回到原点（0,0），并且中途同一个点不经过两次，当然原点除外。实现方法也很容易想到，就是绕着一个矩形，上下左右依次输出。
ac代码

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
long long l,u,r,d;
string s;
int main(){
	int n; 
	cin>>n; 
	while(n--){
		cin>>s;
		l=r=u=d=0;
		for(int i=0;i<s.size();i++){
			if(s[i]=='L')l++;
			if(s[i]=='D')d++;
			if(s[i]=='U')u++;
			if(s[i]=='R')r++;
		} 
		l=r=min(l,r);
		u=d=min(u,d); 
		if(u==0)l=r=min(1ll,l);
		/*其中用了1LL。LL其实代表long long, 
		1LL是为了在计算时，把int类型的变量转化为long long，
		然后再赋值给long long类型的变量。*/
		if(l==0)u=d=min(1ll,u);
		cout<<l+d+u+r<<"\n";
		for(int i=0;i<l;i++)cout<<"L";
		for(int i=0;i<u;i++)cout<<"U";
		for(int i=0;i<r;i++)cout<<"R";
		for(int i=0;i<d;i++)cout<<"D";
		cout<<"\n";
	}
	return 0;
}

D. Remove One Element

You are given an array a consisting of n integers.
You can remove at most one element from this array. Thus, the final length of the array is n−1 or n.
Your task is to calculate the maximum possible length of the strictly increasing contiguous subarray of the remaining array.
Recall that the contiguous subarray a with indices from l to r is a[l…r]=al,al+1,…,ar. The subarray a[l… r] is called strictly increasing if al<al+1<⋯<ar.
Input
The first line of the input contains one integer n
(2≤n≤2⋅105) — the number of elements in a.
The second line of the input contains n integers a1,a2,…,an (1≤ai≤109), where ai is the i-th element of a.
Output
Print one integer — the maximum possible length of the strictly increasing contiguous subarray of the array a after removing at most one element.
Examples
Input

5
1 2 5 3 4

Output

4

Input

2
1 2

Output

2

Input

7
6 5 4 3 2 4 3

Output

2

Note
In the first example, you can delete a3=5. Then the resulting array will be equal to [1,2,3,4] and the length of its largest increasing subarray will be equal to 4.

解析
题目大概是讲，选择是否删掉一个数，并找出最长连续递增子序列。

#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm> 
using namespace std;
const int N=2e5+5;
int a[N],pre[N];
int main(){
	int n;
	cin>>n;
	for(int i=1;i<=n;++i)
	{
		cin>>a[i];
		if(a[i]>a[i-1])
		pre[i]+=pre[i-1]+1; 
		else pre[i]=1;
	}
	for(int i=n;i>1;i--)
	{
		if(pre[i]<=pre[i-2]&&a[i]>a[i-2])
		{
			pre[i]=pre[i-2]+1;
			for(int j=i;j<n;++j)
			{
				if(a[j+1]<=a[j])break;
				pre[j+1]=pre[j]+1;
			}
		}
	}
	int *k=max_element(pre+1,pre+n+1);
	cout<<*k;
	return 0;
}