【Educoder python 作业答案】国防科技大学《大学计算机基础》※ 冯·诺依曼体系结构模拟

第1关：模拟硬件初始化

#初始化
def init():
    ########## Begin ##########
    mem = [0] * 1000  # 主存
    reg = [0] * 10  # 通用寄存器
    pReg = 0  # 程序计数器
    iReg = 0  # 指令寄存器
    res = 0  # 存放输出结果
    ########## End ##########
    print(mem,reg,pReg,iReg)

第2关：程序加载

#程序加载
def loadProgram(file, mem, address):
    ########## Begin ##########
    txt = open(file, 'r')
    s = txt.readlines()
    for x in s :
        l = len(x)
        bg, L = 0, []
        while bg <= l - 1 :
            mdl = ''
            flag = False
            while x[bg] != ' ' :
                mdl = mdl + x[bg]
                bg += 1
                if bg == l - 1 :
                    flag = True
                    break
            while x[bg] == ' ' :
                if bg == l - 1 :
                    flag = True
                    break
                bg += 1
            L.append(mdl)
            if flag :
                break
        # L
        L.pop(0)
        mem[address] = ' '.join(L)
        address = address + 1
    ########## End ##########
    print(mem)

第3关：取指令

#取指令：根据程序计数器给出的地址取出主存对应的指令放入指令寄存器
def fetch(mem, pReg):
    ########## Begin ##########
    iReg = mem[pReg]
    pReg = pReg + 1    
    ########## End ##########
    print(iReg)
    return pReg, iReg

第4关：指令译码

#指令译码：解析指令寄存器中的指令
def decode(iReg):
    ########## Begin ##########
    l = len(iReg)
    cnt, i = 0, 0
    L = []
    while i < l :
        while i < l and iReg[i] == ' ' :
            i = i + 1
        if i == l :
            break;
        cnt = cnt + 1; mdl = ''
        while i < l and iReg[i] != ' ' :
            mdl = mdl + iReg[i]
            i = i + 1
        if cnt > 1 :
            bg = 0
            while bg < len(mdl) and mdl[bg] == '0' :
                bg = bg + 1
            mdl = mdl[bg : ]
        L.append(mdl)
    while cnt < 3 :
        L.append('None')
        cnt = cnt + 1
    ret = '(' + "'" + L[0] + "'" + ',' + ' ' + L[1] + ',' + ' ' + L[2] + ')'
    return ret
    ########## End ##########

第5关：指令执行

#执行和写结果
def execute(opcode, op1, op2, reg, mem, pReg):
    ########## Begin ##########
    global iReg
    if opcode == 'mov1' :
        reg[op1] = eval(mem[op2])
        result = reg[op1]
    elif opcode == 'mov2' :
        mem[op1] = str(reg[op2])
        result = mem[op1]
    elif opcode == 'mov3' :
        reg[op1] = op2
        result = reg[op1]
    elif opcode == 'add' :
        reg[op1] += reg[op2]
        result = reg[op1]
    elif opcode == 'sub' :
        reg[op1] -= reg[op2]
        result = reg[op1]
    elif opcode == 'mul' :
        reg[op1] *= reg[op2]
        result = reg[op1]
    elif opcode == 'div' :
        reg[op1] = reg[op1] // reg[op2]
        result = reg[op1]
    elif opcode == 'jmp' :
        iReg = mem[op1]
        # pReg = eval(mem[op1])
        return pReg
    elif opcode == 'jz' :
        if reg[op1] == 0 :
            # pReg = eval(mem[op2]
            iReg = mem[op2]
        result = pReg
    elif opcode == 'in' :
        reg[op1] = eval(input())
        result = reg[op1]
    elif opcode == 'out' :
        # print(reg[op1])
        result = reg[op1]
    else :
        result = False
    ########## End ##########
    return result

第6关：TOY计算机执行程序的完整过程

#模拟 CPU 执行完整程序代码的全部过程
#初始化主存、通用寄存器、指令寄存器和程序计数器
mem = ['']*1000     #主存
reg = [0]*10       #通用寄存器
pReg = 0          #程序计数器
iReg = ''         #指令寄存器

    
#程序加载：从主存mem的address地址开始存放file文件
def loadProgram(file,  mem, address):
    ########## Begin ##########
    txt = open(file, 'r')
    s = txt.readlines()
    for x in s :
        l = len(x)
        bg, L = 0, []
        while bg < l :
            mdl = ''
            while bg < l and x[bg] != ' ' :
                mdl = mdl + x[bg]
                bg += 1
            while bg < l and x[bg] == ' ' :
                bg += 1
            L.append(mdl)
        L.pop(0)
        mem[address] = ' '.join(L)
        address = address + 1
    
    
    ########## End ##########
    

#取指令：根据程序计数器给出的地址取出主存对应的指令放入指令寄存器
def fetch(mem, pReg):
    ########## Begin ##########
    iReg = mem[pReg]
    ########## End ##########
    return pReg, iReg

#指令译码：解析指令寄存器中的指令，不存在的操作数置为None
def decode(iReg):
    ########## Begin ##########
    l = len(iReg)
    cnt, i = 0, 0
    L = []
    while i < l :
        while i < l and iReg[i] == ' ' :
            i = i + 1
        if i == l :
            break
        cnt = cnt + 1; mdl = ''
        while i < l and iReg[i] != ' ' :
            mdl = mdl + iReg[i]
            i = i + 1
        if cnt > 1 :
            bg = 0
            while bg < len(mdl) and mdl[bg] == '0' :
                bg = bg + 1
            mdl = mdl[bg : ]
        L.append(mdl)
    tmp = cnt
    while cnt < 3 :
        L.append('None')
        cnt = cnt + 1
    if tmp == 1 :
        return L[0], 0, 0
    elif tmp == 2 :
        if L[1] == '' or L[1] == '\n':
            return L[0], 0, 0
        return L[0], eval(L[1]), 0
    else :
        ret1, ret2 = 0, 0
        if L[1] != '' and L[1] != '\n':
            ret1 = eval(L[1])
        if L[2] != '' and L[2] != '\n':
            ret2 = eval(L[2])
        return L[0], ret1, ret2
    ########## End ##########
    return opcode,op1,op2     #opcode为操作码,op1为第一个操作数,op2为第二个操作数

#执行和写结果：根据指令解析的操作码执行对应的操作，若为停机指令返回 False，其余指令返回 True
##opcode为操作码,op1为第一个操作数,op2为第二个操作数
#reg为通用寄存器，mem为主存，address为程序第一条指令在主存中的地址
def execute(opcode, op1, op2, reg, mem, address):
    global pReg
    ########## Begin ##########
    global pReg
    flag = False
    if opcode == 'mov1' :
        reg[op1] = eval(mem[op2])
    elif opcode == 'mov2' :
        mem[op1] = str(reg[op2])
    elif opcode == 'mov3' :
        reg[op1] = op2
    elif opcode == 'add' :
        reg[op1] += reg[op2]
    elif opcode == 'sub' :
        reg[op1] -= reg[op2]
    elif opcode == 'mul' :
        reg[op1] *= reg[op2]
    elif opcode == 'div' :
        reg[op1] = reg[op1] // reg[op2]
    elif opcode == 'jmp' :
        iReg = mem[op1]
        pReg = op1 + address
        flag = True
    elif opcode == 'jz' :
        if reg[op1] == 0 :
            flag = True
            iReg = mem[op2]
            pReg = op2 + address
    elif opcode == 'in' :
        reg[op1] = eval(input())
    elif opcode == 'out' :
        print(reg[op1])
    if flag == False :
        pReg = pReg + 1
    if opcode != 'halt' and opcode != 'halt\n':
        result = True
    else :
        result = False
    return result

    
    ########## End ##########
    

#完整过程模拟：程序加载、取指令、指令译码、指令执行和写结果
def run(file, addr):  
    global pReg, iReg    
    ########BEGIN########
    pReg = addr
    loadProgram(file, mem, addr)
    while True :
        pReg, iReg = fetch(mem, pReg)
        L, op1, op2 = decode(iReg)
        mdl = execute(L, op1, op2, reg, mem, addr)
        if mdl == False :
            break
    ########## End ##########

file = input()       #获取TOY程序代码存放的文件名字
address = int(input())  #获取TOY程序第一条代码加载到的主存物理地址
run(file, address)    #加载TOY程序到主存指定地址，并执行

第7关：扩展 TOY 计算机指令集

def init():
    global mem,reg,pReg,iReg,CF
    ########## Begin ##########
    mem = ['']*1000     #主存
    reg = [0]*10       #通用寄存器
    pReg = 0          #程序计数器
    iReg = ''         #指令寄存器
    CF = 0
def loadProgram(file,  mem, address):
    txt = open(file, 'r')
    s = txt.readlines()
    for x in s :
        l = len(x)
        bg, L = 0, []
        while bg < l :
            mdl = ''
            while bg < l and x[bg] != ' ' and x[bg] != '\t' :
                mdl = mdl + x[bg]
                bg += 1
            while bg < l and (x[bg] == ' ' or x[bg] == '\t'):
                bg += 1
            L.append(mdl)
        L.pop(0)
        mem[address] = ' '.join(L)
        address = address + 1
    
#取指令：根据程序计数器给出的地址取出主存对应的指令放入指令寄存器
def fetch():
    global mem, pReg, iReg
    iReg = mem[pReg]
    return pReg, iReg
    
#指令译码：解析指令寄存器中的指令，不存在的操作数置为None
def decode():
    global iReg
    l = len(iReg)
    cnt, i = 0, 0
    L = []
    while i < l :
        while i < l and iReg[i] == ' ' :
            i = i + 1
        if i == l :
            break
        cnt = cnt + 1; mdl = ''
        while i < l and iReg[i] != ' ' :
            mdl = mdl + iReg[i]
            i = i + 1
        if cnt > 1 :
            bg = 0
            while bg < len(mdl) and mdl[bg] == '0' :
                bg = bg + 1
            mdl = mdl[bg : ]
        L.append(mdl)
    tmp = cnt
    while cnt < 3 :
        L.append('None')
        cnt = cnt + 1
    if tmp == 1 :
        return L[0], 0, 0
    elif tmp == 2 :
        if L[1] == '' or L[1] == '\n':
            return L[0], 0, 0
        return L[0], eval(L[1]), 0
    else :
        ret1, ret2 = 0, 0
        if L[1] != '' and L[1] != '\n':
            ret1 = eval(L[1])
        if L[2] != '' and L[2] != '\n':
            ret2 = eval(L[2])
        return L[0], ret1, ret2
    ########## End ##########
    

#执行和写结果：根据指令解析的操作码执行对应的操作，若为停机指令返回 False，其余指令返回 True
##opcode为操作码,op1为第一个操作数,op2为第二个操作数
def execute(opcode,op1,op2, address):
    global reg, pReg, CF, mem
    flag = False
    if opcode == 'mov1' :
        reg[op1] = eval(mem[op2])
    elif opcode == 'mov2' :
        mem[op1] = str(reg[op2])
    elif opcode == 'mov3' :
        reg[op1] = op2
    elif opcode == 'add' :
        reg[op1] += reg[op2]
    elif opcode == 'sub' :
        reg[op1] -= reg[op2]
    elif opcode == 'mul' :
        reg[op1] *= reg[op2]
    elif opcode == 'div' :
        reg[op1] = reg[op1] // reg[op2]
    elif opcode == 'jmp' :
        iReg = mem[op1]
        pReg = op1 + address
        flag = True
    elif opcode == 'jz' :
        if reg[op1] == 0 :
            flag = True
            iReg = mem[op2]
            pReg = op2 + address
    elif opcode == 'in' :
        reg[op1] = eval(input())
    elif opcode == 'out' :
        print(reg[op1])
    elif opcode == 'add2' :
        reg[op1] += op2
    elif opcode == 'cmp' :
        if reg[op1] <= op2 :
            CF = 1
        else :
            CF = 0
    elif opcode == 'ble' :
        if CF :
            pReg = reg[op1] + address
            flag = True
    if flag == False :
        pReg = pReg + 1
    if opcode != 'halt' and opcode != 'halt\n':
        result = True
    else :
        result = False
    ########## End ##########
    return result

#完整过程模拟：程序加载、取指令、指令译码、指令执行和写结果
def run(file, addr):
    global pReg, iReg, reg
    ######## Begin ########
    pReg = addr
    loadProgram(file, mem, addr)
    while True :
        pReg, iReg = fetch()
        L, op1, op2 = decode()
        mdl = execute(L, op1, op2, addr)
        if mdl == False :
            break
  
    ########## End ##########