python图像处理

图像金字塔
1 向下取样

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import cv2  
import numpy as np  
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

#读取原始图像
img = cv2.imread('4.jpg')

#图像向下取样
r = cv2.pyrDown(img)

#显示图像
cv2.imshow('original', img)
cv2.imshow('PyrDown', r)
cv2.waitKey()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

2 向下多次取样

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import cv2  
import numpy as np  
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

#读取原始图像
img = cv2.imread('4.jpg')

#图像向下取样
r1 = cv2.pyrDown(img)
r2 = cv2.pyrDown(r1)
r3 = cv2.pyrDown(r2)

#显示图像
cv2.imshow('original', img)
cv2.imshow('PyrDown1', r1)
cv2.imshow('PyrDown2', r2)
cv2.imshow('PyrDown3', r3)
cv2.waitKey()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

3 向上取样

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import cv2  
import numpy as np  
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

#读取原始图像
img = cv2.imread('4.jpg')

#图像向上取样
r = cv2.pyrUp(img)

#显示图像
cv2.imshow('original', img)
cv2.imshow('PyrUp', r)
cv2.waitKey()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

4 向下多次取样

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import cv2  
import numpy as np  
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

#读取原始图像
img = cv2.imread('4.jpg')

#图像向上取样
r1 = cv2.pyrUp(img)
r2 = cv2.pyrUp(r1)
r3 = cv2.pyrUp(r2)

#显示图像
cv2.imshow('original', img)
cv2.imshow('PyrUp1', r1)
cv2.imshow('PyrUp2', r2)
cv2.imshow('PyrUp3', r3)
cv2.waitKey()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

傅里叶变换
1 numpy实现傅里叶变换

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import cv2 as cv
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

#读取图像
img = cv.imread('4.jpg', 0)

#快速傅里叶变换算法得到频率分布
f = np.fft.fft2(img)

#默认结果中心点位置是在左上角,
#调用fftshift()函数转移到中间位置
fshift = np.fft.fftshift(f)       

#fft结果是复数, 其绝对值结果是振幅
fimg = np.log(np.abs(fshift))

#展示结果
plt.subplot(121), plt.imshow(img, 'gray'), plt.title('Original Fourier')
plt.axis('off')
plt.subplot(122), plt.imshow(fimg, 'gray'), plt.title('Fourier Fourier')
plt.axis('off')
plt.show()

2 numpy实现傅里叶逆变换

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import cv2 as cv
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

#读取图像
img = cv.imread('4.jpg', 0)

#傅里叶变换
f = np.fft.fft2(img)
fshift = np.fft.fftshift(f)
res = np.log(np.abs(fshift))

#傅里叶逆变换
ishift = np.fft.ifftshift(fshift)
iimg = np.fft.ifft2(ishift)
iimg = np.abs(iimg)

#展示结果
plt.subplot(131), plt.imshow(img, 'gray'), plt.title('Original Image')
plt.axis('off')
plt.subplot(132), plt.imshow(res, 'gray'), plt.title('Fourier Image')
plt.axis('off')
plt.subplot(133), plt.imshow(iimg, 'gray'), plt.title('Inverse Fourier Image')
plt.axis('off')
plt.show()

3 opencv实现傅里叶变换

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import numpy as np
import cv2
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

#读取图像
img = cv2.imread('4.jpg', 0)

#傅里叶变换
dft = cv2.dft(np.float32(img), flags = cv2.DFT_COMPLEX_OUTPUT)

#将频谱低频从左上角移动至中心位置
dft_shift = np.fft.fftshift(dft)

#频谱图像双通道复数转换为0-255区间
result = 20*np.log(cv2.magnitude(dft_shift[:,:,0], dft_shift[:,:,1]))

#显示图像
plt.subplot(121), plt.imshow(img, cmap = 'gray')
plt.title('Input Image'), plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])
plt.subplot(122), plt.imshow(result, cmap = 'gray')
plt.title('Magnitude Spectrum'), plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])
plt.show()

4 opencv实现傅里叶逆变换

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import numpy as np
import cv2
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

#读取图像
img = cv2.imread('4.jpg', 0)

#傅里叶变换
dft = cv2.dft(np.float32(img), flags = cv2.DFT_COMPLEX_OUTPUT)
dftshift = np.fft.fftshift(dft)
res1= 20*np.log(cv2.magnitude(dftshift[:,:,0], dftshift[:,:,1]))

#傅里叶逆变换
ishift = np.fft.ifftshift(dftshift)
iimg = cv2.idft(ishift)
res2 = cv2.magnitude(iimg[:,:,0], iimg[:,:,1])

#显示图像
plt.subplot(131), plt.imshow(img, 'gray'), plt.title('Original Image')
plt.axis('off')
plt.subplot(132), plt.imshow(res1, 'gray'), plt.title('Fourier Image')
plt.axis('off')
plt.subplot(133), plt.imshow(res2, 'gray'), plt.title('Inverse Fourier Image')
plt.axis('off')
plt.show()

5 高通滤波

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import cv2 as cv
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

#读取图像
img = cv.imread('4.jpg', 0)

#傅里叶变换
f = np.fft.fft2(img)
fshift = np.fft.fftshift(f)

#设置高通滤波器
rows, cols = img.shape
crow,ccol = int(rows/2), int(cols/2)
fshift[crow-30:crow+30, ccol-30:ccol+30] = 0

#傅里叶逆变换
ishift = np.fft.ifftshift(fshift)
iimg = np.fft.ifft2(ishift)
iimg = np.abs(iimg)

#显示原始图像和高通滤波处理图像
plt.subplot(121), plt.imshow(img, 'gray'), plt.title('Original Image')
plt.axis('off')
plt.subplot(122), plt.imshow(iimg, 'gray'), plt.title('Result Image')
plt.axis('off')
plt.show()

6 低通滤波

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import cv2
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

#读取图像
img = cv2.imread('4.jpg', 0)

#傅里叶变换
dft = cv2.dft(np.float32(img), flags = cv2.DFT_COMPLEX_OUTPUT)
fshift = np.fft.fftshift(dft)

#设置低通滤波器
rows, cols = img.shape
crow,ccol = int(rows/2), int(cols/2) #中心位置
mask = np.zeros((rows, cols, 2), np.uint8)
mask[crow-30:crow+30, ccol-30:ccol+30] = 1

#掩膜图像和频谱图像乘积
f = fshift * mask
print(f.shape, fshift.shape, mask.shape)


#傅里叶逆变换
ishift = np.fft.ifftshift(f)
iimg = cv2.idft(ishift)
res = cv2.magnitude(iimg[:,:,0], iimg[:,:,1])

#显示原始图像和低通滤波处理图像
plt.subplot(121), plt.imshow(img, 'gray'), plt.title('Original Image')
plt.axis('off')
plt.subplot(122), plt.imshow(res, 'gray'), plt.title('Result Image')
plt.axis('off')
plt.show()