文章目录
Java基础
十九、JDBC和连接池
JDBC概述
1)JDBC为访问不同的数据库提供了统一的接口,为使用者屏蔽的细节问题2)Java程序员使用JDBC,可以连接任何提供了JDBC驱动程序的数据库系统,从而完成对数据库的各种操作
JDBC程序编写步骤
1)注册驱动 :加载Driver类
2)获取连接:得到Connection
3)执行增删改查:发送SQL给mysql执行
4)释放资源
package com.Chapter15.JDBC;
import com.mysql.jdbc.Driver;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.Properties;
//完成简单的操作
public class jdbc01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
//1.注册驱动
Driver driver = new Driver(); //创建driver对象
//2.得到连接
//(1)jdbd:mysql://规定好的协议,通过jdbc的方式连接mysql
//(2)localhost:主机,可以是ip地址
//(3)3306表示mysql监听的端口
//(4)dy_db01连接到mysql dbms的哪个数据库
String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/dy_db01";
//将用户名和密码放入到properties对象
Properties properties = new Properties();
//说明user和password是规定好的,后面的值根据实际情况写
properties.setProperty("user","root"); //用户
properties.setProperty("password","dy"); //密码
Connection connection = driver.connect(url,properties);
//3.执行sql
String sql = "insert into actor values(null,'小张','男','2000-01-01','110')";
//statement用于执行静态SQL语句并返回其生成的结果的对象
Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
int rows = statement.executeUpdate(sql); //如果是dml语句,返回的就是影响行数
System.out.println(rows > 0 ? "成功":"失败" );
//4.关闭连接
statement.close();
connection.close();
}
}
数据库连接的5种方式
方式一:
方式二:
方式三:
方式四:
方式五:
package com.Chapter15.JDBC;
import com.mysql.jdbc.Driver;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.Properties;
@SuppressWarnings({"all"})
//连接数据库的5种方式
public class jdbc02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
//方式一:
Driver driver = new Driver(); //创建driver对象
String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/dy_db01";
//将用户名和密码放入到properties对象
Properties properties = new Properties();
//说明user和password是规定好的,后面的值根据实际情况写
properties.setProperty("user","root"); //用户
properties.setProperty("password","dy"); //密码
Connection connection = driver.connect(url,properties);
//执行sql
String sql = "insert into actor values(null,'小张','男','2000-01-01','110')";
//statement用于执行静态SQL语句并返回其生成的结果的对象
Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
int rows = statement.executeUpdate(sql); //如果是dml语句,返回的就是影响行数
System.out.println(rows > 0 ? "成功":"失败" );
//关闭连接
statement.close();
connection.close();
}
@Test
//方式二:
public void connect02() throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, SQLException {
//使用反射加载Driver,动态加载,更加的灵活,减少依赖性
Class<?> aClass = Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
Driver driver = (Driver) aClass.newInstance();
String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/dy_db01";
Properties properties = new Properties();
//说明user和password是规定好的,后面的值根据实际情况写
properties.setProperty("user","root"); //用户
properties.setProperty("password","dy"); //密码
Connection connection = driver.connect(url,properties);
System.out.println("方式2=" + connection);
}
//方式三:
//使用DriverManager替代Driver进行统一管理
@Test
public void connect03() throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, SQLException {
//使用反射加载Driver
Class<?> aClass = Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
Driver driver = (Driver) aClass.newInstance();
//创建url 和user 和 password
String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/dy_db01";
String user = "root";
String password = "dy";
DriverManager.registerDriver(driver);
Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,password);
System.out.println("第三种方式= " + connection);
}
//方式四:
//使用最为广泛
//使用Class.forName自动完成注册驱动,简化代码
@Test
public void connect04() throws ClassNotFoundException, SQLException {
//使用反射加载了Driver类
//在加载Driver类时,完成注册
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//创建url 和user 和 password
String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/dy_db01";
String user = "root";
String password = "dy";
Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,password);
System.out.println("第四种方式= " + connection);
}
//方式五:
//在方式四的基础上改进,增加配置文件,让连接mysql更加灵活
@Test
public void connect05() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException, SQLException {
//通过Properties对象获取配置文件的信息
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.load(new FileInputStream("src\\mysql.properties"));
String user = properties.getProperty("user");
String password = properties.getProperty("password");
String driver = properties.getProperty("driver");
String url = properties.getProperty("url");
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,password);
System.out.println("方式五="+ connection);
}
}
ResultSet(结果集)
基本介绍
1)表示数据库结果集的数据表,通过通过执行查询数据库的语句生成
2)ResultSet对象保持一个光标指向其当前的数据行,最初,光标位于第一行之前
3)next方法将光标移动到下一行,并且由于在ResultSet对象中没有更多行时返回false,因此可以在while循环中使用循环来遍历结果集
package com.Chapter15.ResultSet_;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.Properties;
@SuppressWarnings("all")
public class ResultSet_ {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException, SQLException {
//通过Properties对象获取配置文件的信息
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.load(new FileInputStream("src\\mysql.properties"));
String user = properties.getProperty("user");
String password = properties.getProperty("password");
String driver = properties.getProperty("driver");
String url = properties.getProperty("url");
//1.注册驱动
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2.得到连接
Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,password);
//3.得到statement
Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
//4.sql语句
String sql = "select id,name,sex,borndate from actor";
//执行给定的sql语句,该语句返回单个ResultSet对象
ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery(sql);
//5.使用while取出数据
while(resultSet.next()){ //让光标向后移动,如果没有更多的值,则返回false
int id = resultSet.getInt(1);// 获取该行的第1列
String name = resultSet.getString(2);
String sex = resultSet.getString(3);
Date date = resultSet.getDate(4);
System.out.println(id + "\t" + name +"\t" + sex + "\t" +date);
}
//6.关闭连接
resultSet.close();
statement.close();
connection.close();
}
}
Statement
基本介绍
1)Statement对象用于执行静态SQL语句并返回其生成的结果的对象
2)在连接建立后,需要对数据库进行访问,执行命名或是SQL语句,可以通过
- Statement
- PreparedStatement
- CallableStatement
3)Statement对象执行SQL语句,存在SQL注入风险
4)SQL注入是利用某些系统没有对用户输入的数据进行充分的检查,而在用户输入数据中注入非法的SQL语句段或命令,恶意攻击数据库
5)要防范SQL注入,只要用PreparedStatement取代Statement就可以了
SQL注入
package com.Chapter15.Statement_;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.Scanner;
//演示statement的注入问题
public class Statement {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, IOException, SQLException {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
//让用户输入管理员用户名和密码
System.out.println("请输入管理员的名字:");
String admin_name = scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入管理员的密码:");
String admin_pwd = scanner.nextLine();
//通过Properties对象获取配置文件的信息
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.load(new FileInputStream("src\\mysql.properties"));
String user = properties.getProperty("user");
String password = properties.getProperty("password");
String driver = properties.getProperty("driver");
String url = properties.getProperty("url");
//1.注册驱动
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2.得到连接
Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,password);
//3.得到statement
java.sql.Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
//4.sql语句
String sql = "select name , pwd from admin where name ='"
+ admin_name + "' and pwd = '" + admin_pwd + "'";
//执行给定的sql语句,该语句返回单个ResultSet对象
ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery(sql);
if(resultSet.next()){ //如果查询到一条记录,则说明该管理员存在
System.out.println("登录成功");
}else{
System.out.println("登录失败");
}
resultSet.close();
statement.close();
connection.close();
}
}
PreparedStatement
基本介绍
String sql = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM admin WHERE username = ? AND PASSWORD = ?"
1)PreparedStatement执行的SQL语句中的参数用问号(?)来表示,调用PreparedStatement对象的setXXX()方法来设置这些参数,setXXX()方法有两个参数,第一个参数是要设置SQL语句中的参数的索引(从1开始),第二个是设置的SQL语句中的参数的值
2)调用 executeQuery():
返回ResultSet对象
3)调用 executeUpdate():
执行更新、包括增、删、改
预处理好处
1)不再使用+拼接sql语句,减少语法错误
2)有效的解决了sql注入问题
3)减少了编译次数,效率较高
package com.Chapter15.PreparedStatement_;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.Scanner;
@SuppressWarnings("all")
public class PreparedStatement_ {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, IOException, SQLException {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
//让用户输入管理员用户名和密码
System.out.println("请输入管理员的名字:");
String admin_name = scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入管理员的密码:");
String admin_pwd = scanner.nextLine();
//通过Properties对象获取配置文件的信息
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.load(new FileInputStream("src\\mysql.properties"));
String user = properties.getProperty("user");
String password = properties.getProperty("password");
String driver = properties.getProperty("driver");
String url = properties.getProperty("url");
//1.注册驱动
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2.得到连接
Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,password);
//3.得到PreparedSatement
//3.1组织sql,这里的?相当于占位符
String sql = "select name,pwd from admin where name = ? and pwd = ?";
//3.2
PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
//3.3给?赋值
preparedStatement.setString(1,admin_name);
preparedStatement.setString(2,admin_pwd);
//4.执行给定的sql语句,不用再写sql
ResultSet resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery();
if(resultSet.next()){ //如果查询到一条记录,则说明该管理员存在
System.out.println("登录成功");
}else{
System.out.println("登录失败");
}
resultSet.close();
preparedStatement.close();
connection.close();
}
}
JDBC的API
封装JDBCUtils
在JDBC操作中,获取连接和释放资源是经常使用到,可以将其封装JDBC连接的工具类JDBCUtils
package com.Chapter15.Utils_;
import java.io.Console;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.Properties;
@SuppressWarnings("all")
public class JDBCUtils {
//定义相关的属性(4个),,因为只需要一份
private static String user; //用户名
private static String password; //密码
private static String url; //url
private static String driver; //驱动名
//在static代码块去初始化
static {
Properties properties = new Properties();
try {
properties.load(new FileInputStream("src\\mysql.properties"));
//读取相关的属性
user = properties.getProperty("user");
password = properties.getProperty("password");
driver = properties.getProperty("driver");
url = properties.getProperty("url");
} catch (IOException e) {
//将编译异常转成运行异常
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
//连接数据库,返回Connection
public static Connection getConnection() {
try {
return DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,password);
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
//关闭相关资源
public static void close(ResultSet set, Statement statement,Connection connection) {
try {
//判断是否为Null
if(set != null){
set.close();
}
if(statement != null){
statement.close();
}
if(connection != null){
connection.close();
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
package com.Chapter15.Utils_;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import java.sql.*;
//演示如何使用JDBCUtils工具类
public class JDBCUtils_use {
@Test
public void testSelect(){
//1.得到连接
Connection connection = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
//2.组织一个sql
String sql = "select * from actor";
//3.创建PreparedStatement对象
PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
ResultSet set = null;
try {
preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
//执行,得到结果
set = preparedStatement.executeQuery();
while(set.next()){
int id = set.getInt("id");
String name = set.getString("name");
String sex = set.getString("sex");
Date borndate = set.getDate("borndate");
String phone = set.getString("phone");
System.out.println(id + "\t" +name +"\t" +sex +"\t" +borndate + "\t" +phone);
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
JDBCUtils.close(set,preparedStatement,connection);
}
}
@Test
public void testDML() {
//1.得到连接
Connection connection = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
//2.组织一个sql
String sql = "update actor set name = ? where id = ?";
//3.创建PreparedStatement对象
PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
try {
preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
preparedStatement.setString(1,"小红");
preparedStatement.setInt(2,1);
preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
JDBCUtils.close(null,preparedStatement,connection);
}
}
}
事务
基本介绍
1)JDBC程序中当一个Connection对象创建时,默认情况下是自动提交事务:每一次执行一个SQL语句时,如果执行成功,就会向数据库自动提交,而不能回滚
2)JDBC程序中为了让多个SQL语句作为一个整体执行,需要使用事务
3)调用Connection的setAutoCommit(false)可以取消自动提交事务
4)在所有的SQL语句都成功执行后,调用commit(),方法提交事务
5)在其中某个操作失败或出现异常时,调用rollback()方法回滚事务
package com.Chapter15.transaction;
import com.Chapter15.Utils_.JDBCUtils;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.SQLException;
public class Transaction_ {
@Test
public void noTransaction(){
//1.得到连接
Connection connection = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
//2.组织一个sql
String sql = "update account set balance = balance - 100 where id = 1";
String sql2 = "update account set balance = balance + 100 where id = 2";
//3.创建PreparedStatement对象
PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
try {
//在默认情况下,connection是默认自动提交
preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
preparedStatement.executeUpdate(); //执行第一条sql
int i = 1/0; //抛出异常
preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql2);
preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
JDBCUtils.close(null,preparedStatement,connection);
}
} //这里执行只有第一条语句发生变化
@Test
//使用自动提交
public void useTransaction(){
//1.得到连接
Connection connection = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
//2.组织一个sql
String sql = "update account set balance = balance - 100 where id = 1";
String sql2 = "update account set balance = balance + 100 where id = 2";
//3.创建PreparedStatement对象
PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
try {
//将connection设置为不自动提交
connection.setAutoCommit(false); //开启了事务
preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
preparedStatement.executeUpdate(); //执行第一条sql
//int i = 1/0; //抛出异常
preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql2);
preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
connection.commit(); //提交事务
} catch (SQLException e) {
System.out.println("执行发生了异常,撤销执行的sql");
try {
connection.rollback();
} catch (SQLException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(ex);
}
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
JDBCUtils.close(null,preparedStatement,connection);
}
}
}
批处理
基本介绍
1)当需要成批插入或者更新记录时,可以采用Java的批量更新机制,这一机制允许多条语句一次性提交给数据库批量处理,通常情况下比单独提交处理更有效率
2)JDBC的批量处理语句包括下面方法:
- addBatch():添加需要批量处理的SQL语句或参数
- executeBatch():执行批量处理语句
- clearBatch():清空批处理包的语句
3)JDBC连接的Mysql时,如果要使用批处理功能,请在url中加参数?rewriteBatchedStatements=true
4)批处理往往和PreparedStatement一起搭配使用,可以既减少编译次数,又减少运行次数,效率大大提高
数据库连接池
传统获取connection出现的问题
1)传统的JDBC数据库连接使用DriverManager来获取,每次向数据库建立连接的时候都要将Connection加载到内存中,再验证IP地址,用户名和密码,需要数据库连接的时候,就向数据库要求一个,频繁的进行数据库连接操作将占用很多的系统资源,容易造成服务器崩溃
2)每一次数据库连接,使用完后都得断开,如果程序出现异常而未能关闭,将导致数据库内存泄漏,最终将导致重启数据库
3)传统获取连接的方式,不能控制创建的连接数量,如连接过多,也可能导致内存泄露,Mysql崩溃
4)解决传统开发中的数据库连接问题,可以采用数据库连接池技术
数据库连接池
基本介绍
1)JDBC的数据库连接池使用javax.sql.DataSource来表示,DataSource只是一个接口,该接口通常由第三方提供实现
2)C3P0数据库连接池,速度相对较慢,稳定性不错
3)DBCP数据库连接池,速度相对C3P0较快,但不稳定
4)Proxool数据库连接池,有监控连接池状态的功能,稳定性较C3P0差一点
5)BoneCP数据库连接池,速度块
6)Druid时阿里提供的数据库连接池,集DBCP、C3P0、Proxool优点与一身的数据库连接池
C3P0方式
使用代码实现C3P0数据库连接池
//方式1: 相关参数,在程序中指定user, url , password 等
@Test
public void testC3P0_01() throws Exception {
//1. 创建一个数据源对象
ComboPooledDataSource comboPooledDataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();
//2. 通过配置文件mysql.properties 获取相关连接的信息
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.load(new FileInputStream("src\\mysql.properties"));
//读取相关的属性值
String user = properties.getProperty("user");
String password = properties.getProperty("password");
String url = properties.getProperty("url");
String driver = properties.getProperty("driver");
//给数据源comboPooledDataSource 设置相关的参数
//注意:连接管理是由comboPooledDataSource 来管理
comboPooledDataSource.setDriverClass(driver);
comboPooledDataSource.setJdbcUrl(url);
comboPooledDataSource.setUser(user);
comboPooledDataSource.setPassword(password);
//设置初始化连接数
comboPooledDataSource.setInitialPoolSize(10);
//最大连接数
comboPooledDataSource.setMaxPoolSize(50);
//测试连接池的效率, 测试对mysql 5000 次操作
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < 5000; i++) {
Connection connection = comboPooledDataSource.getConnection(); //这个方法就是从DataSource 接口
实现的
//System.out.println("连接OK");
connection.close();
}
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
//c3p0 5000 连接mysql 耗时=391
System.out.println("c3p0 5000 连接mysql 耗时=" + (end - start));
}
//第二种方式使用配置文件模板来完成
//1. 将c3p0 提供的c3p0.config.xml 拷贝到src 目录下
//2. 该文件指定了连接数据库和连接池的相关参数
@Test
public void testC3P0_02() throws SQLException {
ComboPooledDataSource comboPooledDataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource("hsp_edu");
//测试5000 次连接mysql
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("开始执行....");
for (int i = 0; i < 500000; i++) {
Connection connection = comboPooledDataSource.getConnection();
//System.out.println("连接OK~");
connection.close();
}
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
//c3p0 的第二种方式耗时=413
System.out.println("c3p0 的第二种方式(500000) 耗时=" + (end - start));//1917
}
Druid
使用Druid连接数据库连接池
public class Druid_ {
@Test
public void testDruid() throws Exception {
//1. 加入Druid jar 包
//2. 加入配置文件druid.properties , 将该文件拷贝项目的src 目录
//3. 创建Properties 对象, 读取配置文件
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.load(new FileInputStream("src\\druid.properties"));
//4. 创建一个指定参数的数据库连接池, Druid 连接池
DataSource dataSource =
DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(properties);
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < 500000; i++) {
Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();
System.out.println(connection.getClass());
//System.out.println("连接成功!");
connection.close();
}
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
//druid 连接池操作5000 耗时=412
System.out.println("druid 连接池操作500000 耗时=" + (end - start));//539
}
将JDBCUtils 工具类改成Druid(德鲁伊)实现
public class JDBCUtilsByDruid {
private static DataSource ds;
//在静态代码块完成ds 初始化
static {
Properties properties = new Properties();
try {
properties.load(new FileInputStream("src\\druid.properties"));
ds = DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(properties);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//编写getConnection 方法
public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
return ds.getConnection();
}
//关闭连接, 老师再次强调: 在数据库连接池技术中,close 不是真的断掉连接
//而是把使用的Connection 对象放回连接池
public static void close(ResultSet resultSet, Statement statement, Connection connection) {
try {
if (resultSet != null) {
resultSet.close();
}
if (statement != null) {
statement.close();
}
if (connection != null) {
connection.close();
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
@SuppressWarnings({"all"})
public class JDBCUtilsByDruid_USE {
@Test
public void testSelect() {
System.out.println("使用druid 方式完成");
//1. 得到连接
Connection connection = null;
//2. 组织一个sql
String sql = "select * from actor where id >= ?";
PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
ResultSet set = null;
//3. 创建PreparedStatement 对象
try {
connection = JDBCUtilsByDruid.getConnection();
System.out.println(connection.getClass());//运行类型com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidPooledConnection
preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
preparedStatement.setInt(1, 1);//给?号赋值
//执行, 得到结果集
set = preparedStatement.executeQuery();
//遍历该结果集
while (set.next()) {
int id = set.getInt("id");
String name = set.getString("name");//getName()
String sex = set.getString("sex");//getSex()
Date borndate = set.getDate("borndate");
String phone = set.getString("phone");
System.out.println(id + "\t" + name + "\t" + sex + "\t" + borndate + "\t" + phone);
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//关闭资源
JDBCUtilsByDruid.close(set, preparedStatement, connection);
}
}
Apache–DBUtils
用自己的方法去解决:
//使用老师的土方法来解决ResultSet =封装=> Arraylist
@Test
public ArrayList<Actor> testSelectToArrayList() {
System.out.println("使用druid 方式完成");
//1. 得到连接
Connection connection = null;
//2. 组织一个sql
String sql = "select * from actor where id >= ?";
PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
ResultSet set = null;
ArrayList<Actor> list = new ArrayList<>();//创建ArrayList 对象,存放actor 对象
//3. 创建PreparedStatement 对象
try {
connection = JDBCUtilsByDruid.getConnection();
System.out.println(connection.getClass());//运行类型com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidPooledConnection
preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
preparedStatement.setInt(1, 1);//给?号赋值
//执行, 得到结果集
set = preparedStatement.executeQuery();
//遍历该结果集
while (set.next()) {
int id = set.getInt("id");
String name = set.getString("name");//getName()
String sex = set.getString("sex");//getSex()
Date borndate = set.getDate("borndate");
String phone = set.getString("phone");
//把得到的resultset 的记录,封装到Actor 对象,放入到list 集合
list.add(new Actor(id, name, sex, borndate, phone));
}
System.out.println("list 集合数据=" + list);
for(Actor actor : list) {
System.out.println("id=" + actor.getId() + "\t" + actor.getName());
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//关闭资源
JDBCUtilsByDruid.close(set, preparedStatement, connection);
}
//因为ArrayList 和connection 没有任何关联,所以该集合可以复用.
return list;
}
基本介绍
应用
@SuppressWarnings({"all"})
public class DBUtils_USE {
//使用apache-DBUtils 工具类+ druid 完成对表的crud 操作
@Test
public void testQueryMany() throws SQLException { //返回结果是多行的情况
//1. 得到连接(druid)
Connection connection = JDBCUtilsByDruid.getConnection();
//2. 使用DBUtils 类和接口, 先引入DBUtils 相关的jar , 加入到本Project
//3. 创建QueryRunner
QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner();
//4. 就可以执行相关的方法,返回ArrayList 结果集
//String sql = "select * from actor where id >= ?";
// 注意: sql 语句也可以查询部分列
String sql = "select id, name from actor where id >= ?";
//(1) query 方法就是执行sql 语句,得到resultset ---封装到--> ArrayList 集合中
//(2) 返回集合
//(3) connection: 连接
//(4) sql : 执行的sql 语句
//(5) new BeanListHandler<>(Actor.class): 在将resultset -> Actor 对象-> 封装到ArrayList
// 底层使用反射机制去获取Actor 类的属性,然后进行封装
//(6) 1 就是给sql 语句中的? 赋值,可以有多个值,因为是可变参数Object... params
//(7) 底层得到的resultset ,会在query 关闭, 关闭PreparedStatment
/**
* 分析queryRunner.query 方法:
* public <T> T query(Connection conn, String sql, ResultSetHandler<T> rsh, Object... params) throws
SQLException {
* PreparedStatement stmt = null;//定义PreparedStatement
* ResultSet rs = null;//接收返回的ResultSet
* Object result = null;//返回ArrayList
*
* try {
* stmt = this.prepareStatement(conn, sql);//创建PreparedStatement
* this.fillStatement(stmt, params);//对sql 进行? 赋值
* rs = this.wrap(stmt.executeQuery());//执行sql,返回resultset
* result = rsh.handle(rs);//返回的resultset --> arrayList[result] [使用到反射,对传入class 对象
处理]
* } catch (SQLException var33) {
* this.rethrow(var33, sql, params);
* } finally {
* try {
* this.close(rs);//关闭resultset
* } finally {
* this.close((Statement)stmt);//关闭preparedstatement 对象
* }
* }
*
* return result;
* }
*/
List<Actor> list =
queryRunner.query(connection, sql, new BeanListHandler<>(Actor.class), 1);
System.out.println("输出集合的信息");
for (Actor actor : list) {
System.out.print(actor);
}
//释放资源
JDBCUtilsByDruid.close(null, null, connection);
}
//演示apache-dbutils + druid 完成返回的结果是单行记录(单个对象)
@Test
public void testQuerySingle() throws SQLException {
//1. 得到连接(druid)
Connection connection = JDBCUtilsByDruid.getConnection();
//2. 使用DBUtils 类和接口, 先引入DBUtils 相关的jar , 加入到本Project
//3. 创建QueryRunner
QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner();
//4. 就可以执行相关的方法,返回单个对象
String sql = "select * from actor where id = ?";
// 因为我们返回的单行记录<--->单个对象, 使用的Hander 是BeanHandler
Actor actor = queryRunner.query(connection, sql, new BeanHandler<>(Actor.class), 10);
System.out.println(actor);
// 释放资源
JDBCUtilsByDruid.close(null, null, connection);
}
//演示apache-dbutils + druid 完成查询结果是单行单列-返回的就是object
@Test
public void testScalar() throws SQLException {
//1. 得到连接(druid)
Connection connection = JDBCUtilsByDruid.getConnection();
//2. 使用DBUtils 类和接口, 先引入DBUtils 相关的jar , 加入到本Project
//3. 创建QueryRunner
QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner();
//4. 就可以执行相关的方法,返回单行单列, 返回的就是Object
String sql = "select name from actor where id = ?";
//老师解读: 因为返回的是一个对象, 使用的handler 就是ScalarHandler
Object obj = queryRunner.query(connection, sql, new ScalarHandler(), 4);
System.out.println(obj);
// 释放资源
JDBCUtilsByDruid.close(null, null, connection);
}
//演示apache-dbutils + druid 完成dml (update, insert ,delete)
@Test
public void testDML() throws SQLException {
//1. 得到连接(druid)
Connection connection = JDBCUtilsByDruid.getConnection();
//2. 使用DBUtils 类和接口, 先引入DBUtils 相关的jar , 加入到本Project
//3. 创建QueryRunner
QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner();
//4. 这里组织sql 完成update, insert delete
//String sql = "update actor set name = ? where id = ?";
//String sql = "insert into actor values(null, ?, ?, ?, ?)";
String sql = "delete from actor where id = ?";
//(1) 执行dml 操作是queryRunner.update()
//(2) 返回的值是受影响的行数(affected: 受影响)
//int affectedRow = queryRunner.update(connection, sql, "林青霞", "女", "1966-10-10", "116");
int affectedRow = queryRunner.update(connection, sql, 1000 );
System.out.println(affectedRow > 0 ? "执行成功" : "执行没有影响到表");
// 释放资源
JDBCUtilsByDruid.close(null, null, connection);
}
}
DAO和增删改查通用方法–BasicDao
基本介绍
1)DAO:data access object(数据访问对象)
2)这样得通用类,成为BasicDao,是专门和数据库交互的,即完成对数据库(表)得crud操作
3)在BasicDao的基础上,实现一张表,对应一个Dao,更好的完成功能
具体实现
utils:
//基于druid 数据库连接池的工具类
public class JDBCUtilsByDruid {
private static DataSource ds;
//在静态代码块完成ds 初始化
static {
Properties properties = new Properties();
try {
properties.load(new FileInputStream("src\\druid.properties"));
ds = DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(properties);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//编写getConnection 方法
public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
return ds.getConnection();
}
//关闭连接, 老师再次强调: 在数据库连接池技术中,close 不是真的断掉连接
//而是把使用的Connection 对象放回连接池
public static void close(ResultSet resultSet, Statement statement, Connection connection) {
try {
if (resultSet != null) {
resultSet.close();
}
if (statement != null) {
statement.close();
}
if (connection != null) {
connection.close();
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
BasicDao:
//开发BasicDAO , 是其他DAO 的父类, 使用到apache-dbutils
public class BasicDAO<T> { //泛型指定具体类型
private QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner();
//开发通用的dml 方法, 针对任意的表
public int update(String sql, Object... parameters) {
Connection connection = null;
try {
connection = JDBCUtilsByDruid.getConnection();
int update = qr.update(connection, sql, parameters);
return update;
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e); //将编译异常->运行异常,抛出
} finally {
JDBCUtilsByDruid.close(null, null, connection);
}
}
//返回多个对象(即查询的结果是多行), 针对任意表
/**
*
* @param sql sql 语句,可以有?
* @param clazz 传入一个类的Class 对象比如Actor.class
* @param parameters 传入? 的具体的值,可以是多个
* @return 根据Actor.class 返回对应的ArrayList 集合
*/
public List<T> queryMulti(String sql, Class<T> clazz, Object... parameters) {
Connection connection = null;
try {
connection = JDBCUtilsByDruid.getConnection();
return qr.query(connection, sql, new BeanListHandler<T>(clazz), parameters);
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e); //将编译异常->运行异常,抛出
} finally {
JDBCUtilsByDruid.close(null, null, connection);
}
}
//查询单行结果的通用方法
public T querySingle(String sql, Class<T> clazz, Object... parameters) {
Connection connection = null;
try {
connection = JDBCUtilsByDruid.getConnection();
return qr.query(connection, sql, new BeanHandler<T>(clazz), parameters);
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e); //将编译异常->运行异常,抛出
} finally {
JDBCUtilsByDruid.close(null, null, connection);
}
}
//查询单行单列的方法,即返回单值的方法
public Object queryScalar(String sql, Object... parameters) {
Connection connection = null;
try {
connection = JDBCUtilsByDruid.getConnection();
return qr.query(connection, sql, new ScalarHandler(), parameters);
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e); //将编译异常->运行异常,抛出
} finally {
JDBCUtilsByDruid.close(null, null, connection);
}
}
}
ActorDao:
public class ActorDAO extends BasicDAO<Actor> {
//1. 就有BasicDAO 的方法
//2. 根据业务需求,可以编写特有的方法.
}
TestDao:
public class TestDAO {
//测试ActorDAO 对actor 表crud 操作
@Test
public void testActorDAO() {
ActorDAO actorDAO = new ActorDAO();
//1. 查询
List<Actor> actors = actorDAO.queryMulti("select * from actor where id >= ?", Actor.class, 1);
System.out.println("===查询结果===");
for (Actor actor : actors) {
System.out.println(actor);
}
//2. 查询单行记录
Actor actor = actorDAO.querySingle("select * from actor where id = ?", Actor.class, 6);
System.out.println("====查询单行结果====");
System.out.println(actor);
//3. 查询单行单列
Object o = actorDAO.queryScalar("select name from actor where id = ?", 6);
System.out.println("====查询单行单列值===");
System.out.println(o);
//4. dml 操作insert ,update, delete
int update = actorDAO.update("insert into actor values(null, ?, ?, ?, ?)", "张无忌", "男", "2000-11-11", "999");
System.out.println(update > 0 ? "执行成功" : "执行没有影响表");
}
}