【Java基础】 -- 第19章:JDBC和连接池

Java基础

十九、JDBC和连接池

JDBC概述

1)JDBC为访问不同的数据库提供了统一的接口,为使用者屏蔽的细节问题2)Java程序员使用JDBC,可以连接任何提供了JDBC驱动程序的数据库系统,从而完成对数据库的各种操作

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JDBC程序编写步骤

1)注册驱动 :加载Driver类

2)获取连接:得到Connection

3)执行增删改查:发送SQL给mysql执行

4)释放资源

package com.Chapter15.JDBC;

import com.mysql.jdbc.Driver;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.Properties;

//完成简单的操作
public class jdbc01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
        //1.注册驱动
        Driver driver = new Driver();  //创建driver对象
        //2.得到连接
        //(1)jdbd:mysql://规定好的协议,通过jdbc的方式连接mysql
        //(2)localhost:主机,可以是ip地址
        //(3)3306表示mysql监听的端口
        //(4)dy_db01连接到mysql dbms的哪个数据库
        String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/dy_db01";
        //将用户名和密码放入到properties对象
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        //说明user和password是规定好的,后面的值根据实际情况写
        properties.setProperty("user","root");  //用户
        properties.setProperty("password","dy"); //密码
        Connection connection = driver.connect(url,properties);
        //3.执行sql
        String sql = "insert into actor values(null,'小张','男','2000-01-01','110')";
        //statement用于执行静态SQL语句并返回其生成的结果的对象
        Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
        int rows = statement.executeUpdate(sql); //如果是dml语句,返回的就是影响行数
        System.out.println(rows > 0 ? "成功":"失败" );
        //4.关闭连接
        statement.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

数据库连接的5种方式

方式一:

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方式二:

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方式三:

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方式四:

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方式五:

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package com.Chapter15.JDBC;

import com.mysql.jdbc.Driver;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.Properties;

@SuppressWarnings({"all"})
//连接数据库的5种方式
public class jdbc02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
        //方式一:
        Driver driver = new Driver();  //创建driver对象
        String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/dy_db01";
        //将用户名和密码放入到properties对象
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        //说明user和password是规定好的,后面的值根据实际情况写
        properties.setProperty("user","root");  //用户
        properties.setProperty("password","dy"); //密码
        Connection connection = driver.connect(url,properties);
        //执行sql
        String sql = "insert into actor values(null,'小张','男','2000-01-01','110')";
        //statement用于执行静态SQL语句并返回其生成的结果的对象
        Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
        int rows = statement.executeUpdate(sql); //如果是dml语句,返回的就是影响行数
        System.out.println(rows > 0 ? "成功":"失败" );
        //关闭连接
        statement.close();
        connection.close();

    }
    @Test
    //方式二:
    public void connect02() throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, SQLException {
        //使用反射加载Driver,动态加载,更加的灵活,减少依赖性
        Class<?> aClass = Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
        Driver driver = (Driver) aClass.newInstance();

        String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/dy_db01";
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        //说明user和password是规定好的,后面的值根据实际情况写
        properties.setProperty("user","root");  //用户
        properties.setProperty("password","dy"); //密码
        Connection connection = driver.connect(url,properties);
        System.out.println("方式2=" + connection);
    }

    //方式三:
    //使用DriverManager替代Driver进行统一管理
    @Test
    public void connect03() throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, SQLException {
        //使用反射加载Driver
        Class<?> aClass = Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
        Driver driver = (Driver) aClass.newInstance();

        //创建url 和user 和 password
        String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/dy_db01";
        String user = "root";
        String password = "dy";

        DriverManager.registerDriver(driver);

        Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,password);
        System.out.println("第三种方式= " + connection);

    }

    //方式四:
    //使用最为广泛
    //使用Class.forName自动完成注册驱动,简化代码
    @Test
    public void connect04() throws ClassNotFoundException, SQLException {
        //使用反射加载了Driver类
        //在加载Driver类时,完成注册
        Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");

        //创建url 和user 和 password
        String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/dy_db01";
        String user = "root";
        String password = "dy";

        Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,password);
        System.out.println("第四种方式= " + connection);
    }

    //方式五:
    //在方式四的基础上改进,增加配置文件,让连接mysql更加灵活
    @Test
    public void connect05() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException, SQLException {
        //通过Properties对象获取配置文件的信息
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.load(new FileInputStream("src\\mysql.properties"));

        String user = properties.getProperty("user");
        String password = properties.getProperty("password");
        String driver = properties.getProperty("driver");
        String url = properties.getProperty("url");

        Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");

        Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,password);
        System.out.println("方式五="+ connection);
    }
}

ResultSet(结果集)

基本介绍

1)表示数据库结果集的数据表,通过通过执行查询数据库的语句生成

2)ResultSet对象保持一个光标指向其当前的数据行,最初,光标位于第一行之前

3)next方法将光标移动到下一行,并且由于在ResultSet对象中没有更多行时返回false,因此可以在while循环中使用循环来遍历结果集

package com.Chapter15.ResultSet_;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.Properties;

@SuppressWarnings("all")
public class ResultSet_ {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException, SQLException {
        //通过Properties对象获取配置文件的信息
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.load(new FileInputStream("src\\mysql.properties"));

        String user = properties.getProperty("user");
        String password = properties.getProperty("password");
        String driver = properties.getProperty("driver");
        String url = properties.getProperty("url");

        //1.注册驱动
        Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
        //2.得到连接
        Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,password);
        //3.得到statement
        Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
        //4.sql语句
        String sql = "select id,name,sex,borndate from actor";
        //执行给定的sql语句,该语句返回单个ResultSet对象
        ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery(sql);

        //5.使用while取出数据
        while(resultSet.next()){ //让光标向后移动,如果没有更多的值,则返回false
            int id = resultSet.getInt(1);// 获取该行的第1列
            String name = resultSet.getString(2);
            String sex = resultSet.getString(3);
            Date date = resultSet.getDate(4);
            System.out.println(id + "\t" + name +"\t" + sex + "\t" +date);
        }
        //6.关闭连接
        resultSet.close();
        statement.close();
        connection.close();

    }
}

Statement

基本介绍

1)Statement对象用于执行静态SQL语句并返回其生成的结果的对象

2)在连接建立后,需要对数据库进行访问,执行命名或是SQL语句,可以通过

  • Statement
  • PreparedStatement
  • CallableStatement

3)Statement对象执行SQL语句,存在SQL注入风险

4)SQL注入是利用某些系统没有对用户输入的数据进行充分的检查,而在用户输入数据中注入非法的SQL语句段或命令,恶意攻击数据库

5)要防范SQL注入,只要用PreparedStatement取代Statement就可以了

SQL注入
package com.Chapter15.Statement_;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.Scanner;

//演示statement的注入问题
public class Statement {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, IOException, SQLException {
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

        //让用户输入管理员用户名和密码
        System.out.println("请输入管理员的名字:");
        String admin_name = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请输入管理员的密码:");
        String admin_pwd = scanner.nextLine();

        //通过Properties对象获取配置文件的信息
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.load(new FileInputStream("src\\mysql.properties"));

        String user = properties.getProperty("user");
        String password = properties.getProperty("password");
        String driver = properties.getProperty("driver");
        String url = properties.getProperty("url");

        //1.注册驱动
        Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
        //2.得到连接
        Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,password);
        //3.得到statement
        java.sql.Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
        //4.sql语句
        String sql = "select name , pwd from admin where name ='"
                + admin_name + "' and pwd = '" + admin_pwd + "'";
        //执行给定的sql语句,该语句返回单个ResultSet对象
        ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery(sql);
        if(resultSet.next()){ //如果查询到一条记录,则说明该管理员存在
            System.out.println("登录成功");
        }else{
            System.out.println("登录失败");
        }
        resultSet.close();
        statement.close();
        connection.close();

    }
}

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PreparedStatement

基本介绍

String sql = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM admin WHERE username = ? AND PASSWORD = ?"

1)PreparedStatement执行的SQL语句中的参数用问号(?)来表示,调用PreparedStatement对象的setXXX()方法来设置这些参数,setXXX()方法有两个参数,第一个参数是要设置SQL语句中的参数的索引(从1开始),第二个是设置的SQL语句中的参数的值

2)调用 executeQuery():返回ResultSet对象

3)调用 executeUpdate():执行更新、包括增、删、改

预处理好处

1)不再使用+拼接sql语句,减少语法错误

2)有效的解决了sql注入问题

3)减少了编译次数,效率较高

package com.Chapter15.PreparedStatement_;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.Scanner;
@SuppressWarnings("all")
public class PreparedStatement_ {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, IOException, SQLException {
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

        //让用户输入管理员用户名和密码
        System.out.println("请输入管理员的名字:");
        String admin_name = scanner.nextLine();
        System.out.println("请输入管理员的密码:");
        String admin_pwd = scanner.nextLine();

        //通过Properties对象获取配置文件的信息
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.load(new FileInputStream("src\\mysql.properties"));

        String user = properties.getProperty("user");
        String password = properties.getProperty("password");
        String driver = properties.getProperty("driver");
        String url = properties.getProperty("url");

        //1.注册驱动
        Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
        //2.得到连接
        Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,password);
        //3.得到PreparedSatement
        //3.1组织sql,这里的?相当于占位符
        String sql = "select name,pwd from admin where name = ? and pwd = ?";
        //3.2
        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
        //3.3给?赋值
        preparedStatement.setString(1,admin_name);
        preparedStatement.setString(2,admin_pwd);
        //4.执行给定的sql语句,不用再写sql
        ResultSet resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery();
        if(resultSet.next()){ //如果查询到一条记录,则说明该管理员存在
            System.out.println("登录成功");
        }else{
            System.out.println("登录失败");
        }
        resultSet.close();
        preparedStatement.close();
        connection.close();

    }
}

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JDBC的API

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封装JDBCUtils

在JDBC操作中,获取连接和释放资源是经常使用到,可以将其封装JDBC连接的工具类JDBCUtils

package com.Chapter15.Utils_;

import java.io.Console;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.Properties;

@SuppressWarnings("all")
public class JDBCUtils {
    //定义相关的属性(4个),,因为只需要一份
    private static String user; //用户名
    private static String password; //密码
    private static String url; //url
    private static String driver; //驱动名
    
    //在static代码块去初始化
    static {
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        try {
            properties.load(new FileInputStream("src\\mysql.properties"));
            //读取相关的属性
            user = properties.getProperty("user");
            password = properties.getProperty("password");
            driver = properties.getProperty("driver");
            url = properties.getProperty("url");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            //将编译异常转成运行异常
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    //连接数据库,返回Connection
    public static Connection getConnection() {
        try {
            return DriverManager.getConnection(url,user,password);
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    //关闭相关资源
    public static void close(ResultSet set, Statement statement,Connection connection)  {
        try {
            //判断是否为Null
            if(set != null){
                set.close();
            }
            if(statement != null){
                statement.close();
            }
            if(connection != null){
                connection.close();
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }

    }

}
package com.Chapter15.Utils_;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

import java.sql.*;

//演示如何使用JDBCUtils工具类
public class JDBCUtils_use {
    @Test
    public void testSelect(){
        //1.得到连接
        Connection connection = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
        //2.组织一个sql
        String sql = "select * from actor";
        //3.创建PreparedStatement对象
        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
        ResultSet set = null;
        try {
            preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
            //执行,得到结果
            set = preparedStatement.executeQuery();
            while(set.next()){
                int id = set.getInt("id");
                String name = set.getString("name");
                String sex = set.getString("sex");
                Date borndate = set.getDate("borndate");
                String phone = set.getString("phone");
                System.out.println(id + "\t" +name +"\t" +sex +"\t" +borndate + "\t" +phone);
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally {
            JDBCUtils.close(set,preparedStatement,connection);

        }
    }

    @Test
    public void testDML()  {
        //1.得到连接
        Connection connection = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
        //2.组织一个sql
        String sql = "update actor set name = ? where id = ?";
        //3.创建PreparedStatement对象
        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
        try {
            preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
            preparedStatement.setString(1,"小红");
            preparedStatement.setInt(2,1);
            preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally {
            JDBCUtils.close(null,preparedStatement,connection);

        }

    }

}

事务

基本介绍

1)JDBC程序中当一个Connection对象创建时,默认情况下是自动提交事务:每一次执行一个SQL语句时,如果执行成功,就会向数据库自动提交,而不能回滚

2)JDBC程序中为了让多个SQL语句作为一个整体执行,需要使用事务

3)调用Connection的setAutoCommit(false)可以取消自动提交事务

4)在所有的SQL语句都成功执行后,调用commit(),方法提交事务

5)在其中某个操作失败或出现异常时,调用rollback()方法回滚事务

package com.Chapter15.transaction;

import com.Chapter15.Utils_.JDBCUtils;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.SQLException;

public class Transaction_ {
    @Test
    public void noTransaction(){
        //1.得到连接
        Connection connection = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
        //2.组织一个sql
        String sql = "update account set balance = balance - 100 where  id = 1";
        String sql2 = "update account set balance = balance + 100 where  id = 2";
        //3.创建PreparedStatement对象
        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
        try {
            //在默认情况下,connection是默认自动提交
            preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
            preparedStatement.executeUpdate(); //执行第一条sql

            int i = 1/0;   //抛出异常
            preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql2);
            preparedStatement.executeUpdate();

        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally {
            JDBCUtils.close(null,preparedStatement,connection);

        }
    }  //这里执行只有第一条语句发生变化

    @Test
    //使用自动提交
    public void useTransaction(){
        //1.得到连接
        Connection connection = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
        //2.组织一个sql
        String sql = "update account set balance = balance - 100 where  id = 1";
        String sql2 = "update account set balance = balance + 100 where  id = 2";
        //3.创建PreparedStatement对象
        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
        try {
            //将connection设置为不自动提交
            connection.setAutoCommit(false); //开启了事务
            preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
            preparedStatement.executeUpdate(); //执行第一条sql

            //int i = 1/0;   //抛出异常
            preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql2);
            preparedStatement.executeUpdate();

            connection.commit(); //提交事务

        } catch (SQLException e) {
            System.out.println("执行发生了异常,撤销执行的sql");
            try {
                connection.rollback();
            } catch (SQLException ex) {
                throw new RuntimeException(ex);
            }
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        } finally {
            JDBCUtils.close(null,preparedStatement,connection);

        }
    }

}

批处理

基本介绍

1)当需要成批插入或者更新记录时,可以采用Java的批量更新机制,这一机制允许多条语句一次性提交给数据库批量处理,通常情况下比单独提交处理更有效率

2)JDBC的批量处理语句包括下面方法:

  • addBatch():添加需要批量处理的SQL语句或参数
  • executeBatch():执行批量处理语句
  • clearBatch():清空批处理包的语句

3)JDBC连接的Mysql时,如果要使用批处理功能,请在url中加参数?rewriteBatchedStatements=true

4)批处理往往和PreparedStatement一起搭配使用,可以既减少编译次数,又减少运行次数,效率大大提高

image-20221107144752254

数据库连接池

传统获取connection出现的问题

1)传统的JDBC数据库连接使用DriverManager来获取,每次向数据库建立连接的时候都要将Connection加载到内存中,再验证IP地址,用户名和密码,需要数据库连接的时候,就向数据库要求一个,频繁的进行数据库连接操作将占用很多的系统资源,容易造成服务器崩溃

2)每一次数据库连接,使用完后都得断开,如果程序出现异常而未能关闭,将导致数据库内存泄漏,最终将导致重启数据库

3)传统获取连接的方式,不能控制创建的连接数量,如连接过多,也可能导致内存泄露,Mysql崩溃

4)解决传统开发中的数据库连接问题,可以采用数据库连接池技术

数据库连接池

基本介绍

1)JDBC的数据库连接池使用javax.sql.DataSource来表示,DataSource只是一个接口,该接口通常由第三方提供实现

2)C3P0数据库连接池,速度相对较慢,稳定性不错

3)DBCP数据库连接池,速度相对C3P0较快,但不稳定

4)Proxool数据库连接池,有监控连接池状态的功能,稳定性较C3P0差一点

5)BoneCP数据库连接池,速度块

6)Druid时阿里提供的数据库连接池,集DBCP、C3P0、Proxool优点与一身的数据库连接池

image-20221107151542063

C3P0方式

使用代码实现C3P0数据库连接池

//方式1: 相关参数,在程序中指定user, url , password 等
@Test
public void testC3P0_01() throws Exception {
    //1. 创建一个数据源对象
    ComboPooledDataSource comboPooledDataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();
    //2. 通过配置文件mysql.properties 获取相关连接的信息
    Properties properties = new Properties();
    properties.load(new FileInputStream("src\\mysql.properties"));
    //读取相关的属性值
    String user = properties.getProperty("user");
    String password = properties.getProperty("password");
    String url = properties.getProperty("url");
    String driver = properties.getProperty("driver");
    //给数据源comboPooledDataSource 设置相关的参数
    //注意:连接管理是由comboPooledDataSource 来管理
    comboPooledDataSource.setDriverClass(driver);
    comboPooledDataSource.setJdbcUrl(url);
    comboPooledDataSource.setUser(user);
    comboPooledDataSource.setPassword(password);
    //设置初始化连接数
    comboPooledDataSource.setInitialPoolSize(10);
    //最大连接数
    comboPooledDataSource.setMaxPoolSize(50);
    //测试连接池的效率, 测试对mysql 5000 次操作
    long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
    for (int i = 0; i < 5000; i++) {
        Connection connection = comboPooledDataSource.getConnection(); //这个方法就是从DataSource 接口
        实现的
            //System.out.println("连接OK");
            connection.close();
    }
    long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
    //c3p0 5000 连接mysql 耗时=391
    System.out.println("c3p0 5000 连接mysql 耗时=" + (end - start));
}
//第二种方式使用配置文件模板来完成
//1. 将c3p0 提供的c3p0.config.xml 拷贝到src 目录下
//2. 该文件指定了连接数据库和连接池的相关参数
@Test
public void testC3P0_02() throws SQLException {
    ComboPooledDataSource comboPooledDataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource("hsp_edu");
    //测试5000 次连接mysql
    long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
    System.out.println("开始执行....");
    for (int i = 0; i < 500000; i++) {
        Connection connection = comboPooledDataSource.getConnection();
        //System.out.println("连接OK~");
        connection.close();
    }
    long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
    //c3p0 的第二种方式耗时=413
    System.out.println("c3p0 的第二种方式(500000) 耗时=" + (end - start));//1917
}
Druid

使用Druid连接数据库连接池

public class Druid_ {
    @Test
    public void testDruid() throws Exception {
        //1. 加入Druid jar 包
        //2. 加入配置文件druid.properties , 将该文件拷贝项目的src 目录
        //3. 创建Properties 对象, 读取配置文件
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.load(new FileInputStream("src\\druid.properties"));
        //4. 创建一个指定参数的数据库连接池, Druid 连接池
        DataSource dataSource =
            DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(properties);
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (int i = 0; i < 500000; i++) {
            Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();
            System.out.println(connection.getClass());
            //System.out.println("连接成功!");
            connection.close();
        }
        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        //druid 连接池操作5000 耗时=412
        System.out.println("druid 连接池操作500000 耗时=" + (end - start));//539
    }

将JDBCUtils 工具类改成Druid(德鲁伊)实现

public class JDBCUtilsByDruid {
    private static DataSource ds;
    //在静态代码块完成ds 初始化
    static {
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        try {
            properties.load(new FileInputStream("src\\druid.properties"));
            ds = DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(properties);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    //编写getConnection 方法
    public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
        return ds.getConnection();
    }
    //关闭连接, 老师再次强调: 在数据库连接池技术中,close 不是真的断掉连接
    //而是把使用的Connection 对象放回连接池
    public static void close(ResultSet resultSet, Statement statement, Connection connection) {
        try {
            if (resultSet != null) {
                resultSet.close();
            }
            if (statement != null) {
                statement.close();
            }
            if (connection != null) {
                connection.close();
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }
@SuppressWarnings({"all"})
public class JDBCUtilsByDruid_USE {
    @Test
    public void testSelect() {
        System.out.println("使用druid 方式完成");
        //1. 得到连接
        Connection connection = null;
        //2. 组织一个sql
        String sql = "select * from actor where id >= ?";
        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
        ResultSet set = null;
        //3. 创建PreparedStatement 对象
        try {
            connection = JDBCUtilsByDruid.getConnection();
            System.out.println(connection.getClass());//运行类型com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidPooledConnection
            preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
            preparedStatement.setInt(1, 1);//给?号赋值
            //执行, 得到结果集
            set = preparedStatement.executeQuery();
            //遍历该结果集
            while (set.next()) {
                int id = set.getInt("id");
                String name = set.getString("name");//getName()
                String sex = set.getString("sex");//getSex()
                Date borndate = set.getDate("borndate");
                String phone = set.getString("phone");
                System.out.println(id + "\t" + name + "\t" + sex + "\t" + borndate + "\t" + phone);
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            //关闭资源
            JDBCUtilsByDruid.close(set, preparedStatement, connection);
        }
    }

Apache–DBUtils

image-20221107183941688

用自己的方法去解决:

//使用老师的土方法来解决ResultSet =封装=> Arraylist
@Test
public ArrayList<Actor> testSelectToArrayList() {
    System.out.println("使用druid 方式完成");
    //1. 得到连接
    Connection connection = null;
    //2. 组织一个sql
    String sql = "select * from actor where id >= ?";
    PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
    ResultSet set = null;
    ArrayList<Actor> list = new ArrayList<>();//创建ArrayList 对象,存放actor 对象
    //3. 创建PreparedStatement 对象
    try {
        connection = JDBCUtilsByDruid.getConnection();
        System.out.println(connection.getClass());//运行类型com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidPooledConnection
        preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
        preparedStatement.setInt(1, 1);//给?号赋值
        //执行, 得到结果集
        set = preparedStatement.executeQuery();
        //遍历该结果集
        while (set.next()) {
            int id = set.getInt("id");
            String name = set.getString("name");//getName()
            String sex = set.getString("sex");//getSex()
            Date borndate = set.getDate("borndate");
            String phone = set.getString("phone");
            //把得到的resultset 的记录,封装到Actor 对象,放入到list 集合
            list.add(new Actor(id, name, sex, borndate, phone));
        }
        System.out.println("list 集合数据=" + list);
        for(Actor actor : list) {
            System.out.println("id=" + actor.getId() + "\t" + actor.getName());
        }
    } catch (SQLException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
        //关闭资源
        JDBCUtilsByDruid.close(set, preparedStatement, connection);
    }
    //因为ArrayList 和connection 没有任何关联,所以该集合可以复用.
    return list;
}
基本介绍

image-20221107184943587

应用
@SuppressWarnings({"all"})
public class DBUtils_USE {
    //使用apache-DBUtils 工具类+ druid 完成对表的crud 操作
    @Test
    public void testQueryMany() throws SQLException { //返回结果是多行的情况
        //1. 得到连接(druid)
        Connection connection = JDBCUtilsByDruid.getConnection();
        //2. 使用DBUtils 类和接口, 先引入DBUtils 相关的jar , 加入到本Project
        //3. 创建QueryRunner
        QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner();
        //4. 就可以执行相关的方法,返回ArrayList 结果集
        //String sql = "select * from actor where id >= ?";
        // 注意: sql 语句也可以查询部分列
        String sql = "select id, name from actor where id >= ?";
        //(1) query 方法就是执行sql 语句,得到resultset ---封装到--> ArrayList 集合中
        //(2) 返回集合
        //(3) connection: 连接
        //(4) sql : 执行的sql 语句
        //(5) new BeanListHandler<>(Actor.class): 在将resultset -> Actor 对象-> 封装到ArrayList
        // 底层使用反射机制去获取Actor 类的属性,然后进行封装
        //(6) 1 就是给sql 语句中的? 赋值,可以有多个值,因为是可变参数Object... params
        //(7) 底层得到的resultset ,会在query 关闭, 关闭PreparedStatment
        /**
        * 分析queryRunner.query 方法:
        * public <T> T query(Connection conn, String sql, ResultSetHandler<T> rsh, Object... params) throws
        SQLException {
            * PreparedStatement stmt = null;//定义PreparedStatement
            * ResultSet rs = null;//接收返回的ResultSet
            * Object result = null;//返回ArrayList
            *
            * try {
            * 	stmt = this.prepareStatement(conn, sql);//创建PreparedStatement
            * 	this.fillStatement(stmt, params);//对sql 进行? 赋值
            * 	rs = this.wrap(stmt.executeQuery());//执行sql,返回resultset
            * 	result = rsh.handle(rs);//返回的resultset --> arrayList[result] [使用到反射,对传入class 对象
            处理]
            * } catch (SQLException var33) {
            * 	this.rethrow(var33, sql, params);
            * } finally {
            * 		try {
            * 			this.close(rs);//关闭resultset
            * 		} finally {
            * 			this.close((Statement)stmt);//关闭preparedstatement 对象
            * 		}
            * }
            *
            * return result;
        * }
        */
        List<Actor> list =
            queryRunner.query(connection, sql, new BeanListHandler<>(Actor.class), 1);
        System.out.println("输出集合的信息");
        for (Actor actor : list) {
            System.out.print(actor);
        }
        //释放资源
        JDBCUtilsByDruid.close(null, null, connection);
    }
    //演示apache-dbutils + druid 完成返回的结果是单行记录(单个对象)
    @Test
    public void testQuerySingle() throws SQLException {
        //1. 得到连接(druid)
        Connection connection = JDBCUtilsByDruid.getConnection();
        //2. 使用DBUtils 类和接口, 先引入DBUtils 相关的jar , 加入到本Project
        //3. 创建QueryRunner
        QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner();
        //4. 就可以执行相关的方法,返回单个对象
        String sql = "select * from actor where id = ?";
       
        // 因为我们返回的单行记录<--->单个对象, 使用的Hander 是BeanHandler
        Actor actor = queryRunner.query(connection, sql, new BeanHandler<>(Actor.class), 10);
        System.out.println(actor);
        // 释放资源
        JDBCUtilsByDruid.close(null, null, connection);
    }
    //演示apache-dbutils + druid 完成查询结果是单行单列-返回的就是object
    @Test
    public void testScalar() throws SQLException {
        //1. 得到连接(druid)
        Connection connection = JDBCUtilsByDruid.getConnection();
        //2. 使用DBUtils 类和接口, 先引入DBUtils 相关的jar , 加入到本Project
        //3. 创建QueryRunner
        QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner();
        //4. 就可以执行相关的方法,返回单行单列, 返回的就是Object
        String sql = "select name from actor where id = ?";
        //老师解读: 因为返回的是一个对象, 使用的handler 就是ScalarHandler
        Object obj = queryRunner.query(connection, sql, new ScalarHandler(), 4);
        System.out.println(obj);
        // 释放资源
        JDBCUtilsByDruid.close(null, null, connection);
    }
    //演示apache-dbutils + druid 完成dml (update, insert ,delete)
    @Test
    public void testDML() throws SQLException {
        //1. 得到连接(druid)
        Connection connection = JDBCUtilsByDruid.getConnection();
        //2. 使用DBUtils 类和接口, 先引入DBUtils 相关的jar , 加入到本Project
        //3. 创建QueryRunner
        QueryRunner queryRunner = new QueryRunner();
        //4. 这里组织sql 完成update, insert delete
        //String sql = "update actor set name = ? where id = ?";
        //String sql = "insert into actor values(null, ?, ?, ?, ?)";
        String sql = "delete from actor where id = ?";
        //(1) 执行dml 操作是queryRunner.update()
        //(2) 返回的值是受影响的行数(affected: 受影响)
        //int affectedRow = queryRunner.update(connection, sql, "林青霞", "女", "1966-10-10", "116");
        int affectedRow = queryRunner.update(connection, sql, 1000 );
        System.out.println(affectedRow > 0 ? "执行成功" : "执行没有影响到表");
        // 释放资源
        JDBCUtilsByDruid.close(null, null, connection);
    }
}

DAO和增删改查通用方法–BasicDao

image-20221107192529334

image-20221107193357005

基本介绍

1)DAO:data access object(数据访问对象)

2)这样得通用类,成为BasicDao,是专门和数据库交互的,即完成对数据库(表)得crud操作

3)在BasicDao的基础上,实现一张表,对应一个Dao,更好的完成功能

具体实现

utils:

//基于druid 数据库连接池的工具类
public class JDBCUtilsByDruid {
    private static DataSource ds;
    //在静态代码块完成ds 初始化
    static {
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        try {
            properties.load(new FileInputStream("src\\druid.properties"));
            ds = DruidDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(properties);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    //编写getConnection 方法
    public static Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
        return ds.getConnection();
    }
    //关闭连接, 老师再次强调: 在数据库连接池技术中,close 不是真的断掉连接
    //而是把使用的Connection 对象放回连接池
    public static void close(ResultSet resultSet, Statement statement, Connection connection) {
        try {
            if (resultSet != null) {
                resultSet.close();
            }
            if (statement != null) {
                statement.close();
            }
            if (connection != null) {
                connection.close();
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }
}

BasicDao:

//开发BasicDAO , 是其他DAO 的父类, 使用到apache-dbutils
public class BasicDAO<T> { //泛型指定具体类型
    private QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner();
    //开发通用的dml 方法, 针对任意的表
    public int update(String sql, Object... parameters) {
        Connection connection = null;
        try {
            connection = JDBCUtilsByDruid.getConnection();
            int update = qr.update(connection, sql, parameters);
            return update;
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e); //将编译异常->运行异常,抛出
        } finally {
            JDBCUtilsByDruid.close(null, null, connection);
        }
    }
    //返回多个对象(即查询的结果是多行), 针对任意表
    /**
*
* @param sql sql 语句,可以有?
* @param clazz 传入一个类的Class 对象比如Actor.class
* @param parameters 传入? 的具体的值,可以是多个
* @return 根据Actor.class 返回对应的ArrayList 集合
*/
    public List<T> queryMulti(String sql, Class<T> clazz, Object... parameters) {
        Connection connection = null;
        try {
            connection = JDBCUtilsByDruid.getConnection();
            return qr.query(connection, sql, new BeanListHandler<T>(clazz), parameters);
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e); //将编译异常->运行异常,抛出
        } finally {
            JDBCUtilsByDruid.close(null, null, connection);
        }
    }
    //查询单行结果的通用方法
    public T querySingle(String sql, Class<T> clazz, Object... parameters) {
        Connection connection = null;
        try {
            connection = JDBCUtilsByDruid.getConnection();
            return qr.query(connection, sql, new BeanHandler<T>(clazz), parameters);
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e); //将编译异常->运行异常,抛出
        } finally {
            JDBCUtilsByDruid.close(null, null, connection);
        }
    }
    //查询单行单列的方法,即返回单值的方法
    public Object queryScalar(String sql, Object... parameters) {
        Connection connection = null;
        try {
            connection = JDBCUtilsByDruid.getConnection();
            return qr.query(connection, sql, new ScalarHandler(), parameters);
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e); //将编译异常->运行异常,抛出
        } finally {
            JDBCUtilsByDruid.close(null, null, connection);
        }
    }
}

ActorDao:

public class ActorDAO extends BasicDAO<Actor> {
//1. 就有BasicDAO 的方法
//2. 根据业务需求,可以编写特有的方法.
}

TestDao:

public class TestDAO {
    //测试ActorDAO 对actor 表crud 操作
    @Test
    public void testActorDAO() {
        ActorDAO actorDAO = new ActorDAO();
        //1. 查询
        List<Actor> actors = actorDAO.queryMulti("select * from actor where id >= ?", Actor.class, 1);
        System.out.println("===查询结果===");
        for (Actor actor : actors) {
            System.out.println(actor);
        }
        //2. 查询单行记录
        Actor actor = actorDAO.querySingle("select * from actor where id = ?", Actor.class, 6);
        System.out.println("====查询单行结果====");
        System.out.println(actor);
        //3. 查询单行单列
        Object o = actorDAO.queryScalar("select name from actor where id = ?", 6);
        System.out.println("====查询单行单列值===");
        System.out.println(o);
        //4. dml 操作insert ,update, delete
        int update = actorDAO.update("insert into actor values(null, ?, ?, ?, ?)", "张无忌", "男", "2000-11-11", "999");
        System.out.println(update > 0 ? "执行成功" : "执行没有影响表");
    }
}
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