一、定义常量
使用#define的不安全性
# include <iostream>
using namespqce std;
int main()
{
int a = 1;
# define T1 a+a
# define T2 T1-T1
cout<<"T2 is "<<T2<<endl;
return 0;
}
输出 :T2 is 2
原因:C++把第七行语句解释为:
cout<<"T2 is "<<a+a-a+a<<endl;
用const取代#define
# include <iostream>
using namespqce std;
int main()
{
int a = 1;
# const T1 a+a
# const T2 T1-T1
cout<<"T2 is "<<T2<<endl;
return 0;
}
输出:T2 is 0
二、const与指针
- 指向常量的指针
所指对象为常量,指针为变量
const char *p = "good";
*(p+2) = "I"; //错误
p = "very"; //正确
int i = 5;
const int *p = &i;
*p = 6; //错误
i = 6; //正确
作用:防止无意修改参数的值
# include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void mystrcpy(char * Dest, const char *Src)
{
while(*Dset++=*Strc++);
}
int main()
{
char a[20] = "how are you";
char b[20];
mystrcpy(b, a);
cout<<b<<endl;
return 0;
}
- 指针常量
在指针名前常量const,表示指针本身是常量
char *const p = "good";
p = "very"; //错误,指针不能修改
*(p+2) = 'I'; //正确,指向的内容可以修改
- 指向常量的常量指针
指向内容和指针都为常量
const char *const p = "good"
p = "very"; //错误
*(p+2) = 'I'; //错误
注意:
const对象的地址只能赋值给指向const对象的指针,但是指向cosnt对象的指针也可以指向非const对象
const int i = 5;
int *p1 = &i; //错误
const int *p2 = &i;
int j = 6;
p2 = &j; //正确