es--映射管理与分片配置

1、mapping

• 功能：用于定义索引库中类型表的每个字段的属性
  • 字段名称
  • 字段类型
  • 是否做分词
  • 用什么分词器
  • 是否构建索引
    

数据类型

• 查看索引库中每个字段的类型

GET /school/_mapping?pretty

• text：string
  • 会分词的，包含keyword
  • 支持模糊、精确查询
• keyword：string
  • 不分词
  • 支持模糊、精确查询
  • “I like zhangsan”
• long：数值类型
• date：日期类型
• 如果创建索引库时，没有指定类型，ES会自动判断数据的类型

不指定类型

PUT /document/article/1
{
  "title" : "elasticsearchshi是是什么",
  "author" : "zhangsan",
  "titleScore" : 60
}
​
GET document/_mapping?pretty
​
PUT /document/article/2
{
  "title" : "elasticsearchshi是是什么",
  "author" : "lisi",
  "titleScore" : 88.88
}
​
GET /document/article/_search?pretty
​
如果以后通过Java读取titleScore这一列就会报类型转换异常

指定类型

DELETE  document
​
PUT document
{
  "mappings": {
    "article" : {
      "properties":
      {
        "title" : {"type": "text"} , 
        "author" : {"type": "text"} , 
        "titleScore" : {"type": "double"} 
      }
    }
  }
}
​
GET document/article/_mapping

• 在实际工作中，如果数据的格式【列】固定一定要指定类型
• 动态添加字段【field】

--删除索引库
DELETE school
--创建索引库school，type为logs，定义该索引库有一列messages，text类型
PUT school
{
  "mappings": {
    "logs" : {                                     
      "properties": {"messages" : {"type": "text"}}
    }
  }
}
--查看index的结构定义
GET /school/_mapping/logs
​
--动态添加一列
POST /school/_mapping/logs
{
  "properties": {"number" : {"type": "text"}}
}
​
GET /school/_mapping/logs

• 获取某个字段的信息

GET /{index}/_mapping/{type}/field/{field}
​
GET /school/_mapping/logs/field/number

2、配置管理：setting

• 功能
  • 管理整个ES中所有属性的配置
  • 修改任意默认的配置
    • 默认ES中每个索引库有5个分片，每个分片有1个副本分片
• 创建一个普通的索引库

DELETE document
PUT document
{
  "mappings": {
    "article" : {
      "properties":
      {
        "title" : {"type": "text"} , 
        "author" : {"type": "text"} , 
        "titleScore" : {"type": "double"} 
        
      }
    }
  }
}
​
GET /document/_settings
​
​
{
  "document": {
    "settings": {
      "index": {
        "creation_date": "1593829044251",
        "number_of_shards": "5",                    --分片个数
        "number_of_replicas": "1",                  --分片的副本个数
        "uuid": "lHDwtCJ2QVqWorgbF0WnVA",           --唯一id
        "version": {
          "created": "6000099"
        },
        "provided_name": "document"
      }
    }
  }
}

• 修改副本的个数

PUT /document/_settings
{
  "number_of_replicas": 2
}

• 修改分片个数：不允许修改

PUT /document/_settings
{
  "number_of_shards": 3
}

• 如果非要更改：创建一个新的，导入数据，自己手动做数据迁移

--创建第一个索引库
DELETE articles1
PUT articles1
{  
    "settings":{  
         "number_of_shards":3,  
         "number_of_replicas":1  
    },  
    "mappings":{  
         "article":{  
             "dynamic":"strict",  
             "properties":{  
                 "id":{"type": "text", "store": true},  
                 "title":{"type": "text","store": true}, 
                 "readCounts":{"type": "integer","store": true},  
                 "times": {"type": "text", "index": false}
             }  
         }  
    }  
}
​
​
--插入一条数据
PUT articles1/article/1
{
  "id" : "1",
  "title" : "世界1",
  "readCounts" : 2 , 
  "times" : "2018-05-01"
}
​
get articles1/article/1
​
--创建第二个索引库
DELETE articles2
PUT articles2
{  
    "settings":{  
         "number_of_shards":5,  
         "number_of_replicas":1  
    },  
    "mappings":{  
         "article":{  
             "dynamic":"strict",  
             "properties":{  
                 "id":{"type": "text", "store": true},  
                 "title":{"type": "text","store": true}, 
                 "readCounts":{"type": "integer","store": true},  
                 "times": {"type": "date", "index": false}
             }  
         }  
    }  
}  
​
​
GET articles2/article/1
​
--导入数据
POST _reindex
{
  "source": {
    "index": "articles1"
  },
  "dest": {
    "index": "articles2"
  }
}

• 常见的属性
  • dynamic：定义列是否允许动态添加
    • strict：严格模式，不允许动态添加，如果你动态添加，会报错
    • false：忽略模式，不允许动态添加，如果你动态添加，操作会被忽略
    • true：允许动态添加
  • index：是否对这一列构建索引
    • true：构建索引
    • false：不构建索引