Docker概述
Docker历史
聊聊Docker
Docker是基于Go语言开发的！开源项目!
官网：https://www.docker.com/
文档地址：https://docs.docker.com/ Docker的文档是超级详细的！
仓库地址：https://hub.docker.com/
Docker环境
环境准备：
1.需要会一点点Linux基础
2.CentOS7
3.我们使用Xshell连接远程服务器进行操作！
环境查看
#系统内核是 3.10以上的
[root@localhost ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-1160.36.2.el7.x86_64
#系统版本
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/os-release
NAME="CentOS Linux"
VERSION="7 (Core)"
ID="centos"
ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"
VERSION_ID="7"
PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Linux 7 (Core)"
ANSI_COLOR="0;31"
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:7"
HOME_URL="https://www.centos.org/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/"
CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT="CentOS-7"
CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION="7"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="centos"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="7"
安装Docker
帮助文档：
# 1.卸载旧版本的Docker
yum remove docker \
docker-client \
docker-client-latest \
docker-common \
docker-latest \
docker-latest-logrotate \
docker-logrotate \
docker-engine
# 2.需要的安装包
yum install -y yum-utils
# 3.设置镜像的仓库
yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \
https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo #默认是国外的(慢)
yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo #建议用阿里云镜像(快)
# 4.建议更新yum软件包的索引
yum makecache fast
# 5.安装docker docker-ce 社区版 docker-ee 企业版
yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
# 6.启动docker
systemctl start docker
# 7.测试安装是否成功
docker version
# 8.测试run hello-world
docker run hello-world
docker run 的流程图：
# 9.查看镜像是否下载成功 hello-world镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest d1165f221234 5 months ago 13.3kB
卸载Docker
# 1.卸载依赖
yum remove docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
# 2.删除资源
rm -rf /var/lib/docker
#/var/lib/docker docker的默认工作目录!
阿里云镜像加速
1.登录阿里云平台，找到容器服务
2.找到镜像加速地址
3.配置使用
# 1.创建一个目录
sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
# 2.编写配置文件
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://z12azlmi.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
# 3.重启服务
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
# 4.启动
sudo systemctl restart docker
Docker运行底层原理
Docker是怎样工作的？
Docker为什么比VM快？
Docker的常用命令
帮助命令
docker version # 显示docker的版本信息
docker info # 显示docker的系统信息,包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help # 帮助命令
帮助文档地址：https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/
镜像命令
docker images 查看所有本地的主机上的镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest d1165f221234 5 months ago 13.3kB
# 解释
REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源(镜像的名称)
TAG 镜像的标签
IMAGE ID 镜像的ID
CREATED 镜像的创建时间
SIZE 镜像的大小
# 可选项
-a, --all # 列出所有镜像
-q, --quiet # 只显示镜像的ID
docker search 搜索镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 11231 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4268 [OK]
mysql/mysql-server Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create… 835 [OK]
# 可选项,通过搜藏(搜索、收藏)来过滤
--filter=STARS=3000 # 搜索出来的镜像就是STARS大于3000的
[root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 11231 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4268 [OK]
[root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=5000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 11231 [OK]
docker pull 下载镜像
# 下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest # 如果不写 tag,默认就是 latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
33847f680f63: Pull complete # 分层下载,docker image的核心 联合文件系统
5cb67864e624: Pull complete
1a2b594783f5: Pull complete
b30e406dd925: Pull complete
48901e306e4c: Pull complete
603d2b7147fd: Pull complete
802aa684c1c4: Pull complete
715d3c143a06: Pull complete
6978e1b7a511: Pull complete
f0d78b0ac1be: Pull complete
35a94d251ed1: Pull complete
36f75719b1a9: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:8b928a5117cf5c2238c7a09cd28c2e801ac98f91c3f8203a8938ae51f14700fd # 签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest # 真实地址
# 等价与它
docker pull mysql
||
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest
# 指定版本下载
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
33847f680f63: Already exists
5cb67864e624: Already exists
1a2b594783f5: Already exists
b30e406dd925: Already exists
48901e306e4c: Already exists
603d2b7147fd: Already exists
802aa684c1c4: Already exists
5b5a19178915: Pull complete
f9ce7411c6e4: Pull complete
f51f6977d9b2: Pull complete
aeb6b16ce012: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:be70d18aedc37927293e7947c8de41ae6490ecd4c79df1db40d1b5b5af7d9596
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
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docker rmi 删除镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f 容器id # 删除指定镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f 容器id 容器id 容器id 容器id # 删除多个镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) # 删除全部镜像
容器命令
说明：我们有了镜像才可以创建容器，Linux，下载一个centos镜像来测试学习
docker pull centos
新建容器并启动
docker run [可选参数] image
# 参数说明
--name=“NAME” # 容器名字 tomcat01 tomcat02,用来区分容器
-d # 后台方式运行
-it # 使用交互方式运行,进入容器查看内容
-p 8080:8080 # 指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080
-p的四种方式：
-p ip：主机端口：容器端口
-p 主机端口：容器端口(常用)
-p 容器端口
-p # 随机容器端口
# 测试,启动并进入容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@bc428cb31060 /]# ls # 查看容器内的centos
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
# 从容器中退回主机
[root@bc428cb31060 /]# exit
exit
列出所有运行的容器
# docker ps 命令 # 列出当前正在运行的容器
-a # 列出当前正在运行的容器+带出历史运行过的容器
-n-? # 显示最近创建的容器 ？是显示几个的意思
-q # 只显示容器的编号
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
bc428cb31060 centos "/bin/bash" 8 minutes ago Exited (0) 6 minutes ago exciting_dubinsky
5145712ca62f d1165f221234 "/hello" 3 hours ago Exited (0) 2 hours ago silly_zhukovsky
退出容器
exit # 直接容器停止并退出
Ctrl+P+Q # 容器不停止退出
删除容器
docker rm 容器id # 删除指定的容器,不能删除正在运行的容器,如果要强制删除 rm -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm # 删除所有的容器
启动和停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id # 启动容器
docker restart 容器id # 重启容器
docker stop 容器id # 停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器id # 强制停止当前容器
常用其他命令
后台启动容器
# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名！
[root@localhost opt]# docker run -d centos
# 问题docker ps,发现 centos 停止了
# 常见的坑:docker容器使用后台运行,就必须要有一个前台进程,docker发现没有应用,就会自动停止
# nginx,容器启动后,发现自己没有提供服务,就会立即停止,就是没有程序了
查看日志
docker logs -f -t --tail 容器id # 没有日志自己写shell脚本测试
# 自己编写一段shell脚本
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo wangym;sleep 1;done"
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f2543a0615dc centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 39 seconds ago Up 37 seconds wonderful_visvesvaraya
#显示日志
-tf # 显示所有日志
--tail number # 要显示日志条数
[root@localhost ~]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 f2543a0615dc
查看容器中进程信息
# 命令 docker top 容器id
[root@localhost ~]# docker top f2543a0615dc
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME
root 19855 19837 0 11:13 ? 00:00:00
root 20319 19855 0 11:19 ? 00:00:00
查看镜像的元数据
# 命令
docker inspect 容器id
# 测试
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect f2543a0615dc
[
{
"Id": "f2543a0615dc11cb6e5d0554c97cce15084ab6b91c71a22b9634baf0e7971661",
"Created": "2021-08-07T15:13:01.890428139Z",
"Path": "/bin/sh",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo wangym;sleep 1;done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 19855,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2021-08-07T15:13:02.424520491Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f2543a0615dc11cb6e5d0554c97cce15084ab6b91c71a22b9634baf0e7971661/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f2543a0615dc11cb6e5d0554c97cce15084ab6b91c71a22b9634baf0e7971661/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f2543a0615dc11cb6e5d0554c97cce15084ab6b91c71a22b9634baf0e7971661/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/f2543a0615dc11cb6e5d0554c97cce15084ab6b91c71a22b9634baf0e7971661/f2543a0615dc11cb6e5d0554c97cce15084ab6b91c71a22b9634baf0e7971661-json.log",
"Name": "/wonderful_visvesvaraya",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7b0e7494921a78dbd889f055d74d143b51c586f96d3c36b8b88897e5fc748e5e-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/10143783f783d122234f10eab17147f07fd91035ca5c377c7f0ae7df462227c5/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7b0e7494921a78dbd889f055d74d143b51c586f96d3c36b8b88897e5fc748e5e/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7b0e7494921a78dbd889f055d74d143b51c586f96d3c36b8b88897e5fc748e5e/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7b0e7494921a78dbd889f055d74d143b51c586f96d3c36b8b88897e5fc748e5e/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "f2543a0615dc",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"while true;do echo wangym;sleep 1;done"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "cb7eed021caaca157a29780d47a8cb2a976287bd58f4fd1f9ab887e81cc32aea",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/cb7eed021caa",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "fd790aaf346a3ab341d2f5ab49309a33f6f76eaa733a2749649cc8306e004a2f",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "66ba02d2acb20028ce3ddf8a1def0d5b3fe6c5576d238c0076ba83b4cb53a6d2",
"EndpointID": "fd790aaf346a3ab341d2f5ab49309a33f6f76eaa733a2749649cc8306e004a2f",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.3",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:03",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
进入当前正在运行的容器
# 我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的，需要进入容器，修改一些配置
# 命令 方式一
docker exec -it 容器id bashShell
# 测试
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f2543a0615dc centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 16 minutes ago Up 16 minutes wonderful_visvesvaraya
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it f2543a0615dc /bin/bash
[root@f2543a0615dc /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@f2543a0615dc /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 15:13 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo wangym;sleep 1;done
root 1013 0 0 15:29 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 1041 1 0 15:30 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
root 1042 1013 0 15:30 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef
# 命令 方式二
docker attach 容器id
# 测试
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
f2543a0615dc centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 29 minutes ago Up 29 minutes wonderful_visvesvaraya
[root@localhost ~]# docker attach f2543a0615dc
正在执行当前的代码...
# docker exec # 进入容器后开启一个新的终端,可以在里面操作(常用)
# docker attach # 进入容器正在执行的终端,不会启动新的进程！
从容器内拷贝文件到主机上
docker cp 容器id：容器内路径 目的的主机路径
# 测试
# 运行容器
[root@localhost home]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@092e1feafa0e /]# [root@localhost home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
092e1feafa0e centos "/bin/bash" 12 seconds ago Up 11 seconds flamboyant_sinoussi
# 进入容器
[root@localhost home]# docker attach 092e1feafa0e
# 进入容器中的home目录
[root@092e1feafa0e /]# cd /home
# 查看容器内home目录下的文件
[root@092e1feafa0e home]# ls
# 创建wangym.java文件
[root@092e1feafa0e home]# touch wangym.java
# 查看容器中home目录的文件，此时有了wangym.java
[root@092e1feafa0e home]# ls
wangym.java
# Ctrl+P+Q退出容器
[root@092e1feafa0e home]# read escape sequence
# 查看主机home目录下的文件
[root@localhost home]# ls
# 查看正在运行的镜像，文件从容器内拷贝到主机，不用管容器是否运行
[root@localhost home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
092e1feafa0e centos "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Up About a minute flamboyant_sinoussi
# 从主机出入命令，把容器home目录的wangym.java拷贝到主机home目录
[root@localhost home]# docker cp 092e1feafa0e:/home/wangym.java /home
# 查看主机home目录下的文件，此时有了wangym.java
[root@localhost home]# ls
wangym.java
# 拷贝是一个手动的过程，未来我们使用-v数据卷的技术，打通容器目录和主机目录，可以实现数据同步化
练习
作业一：Docker安装Nginx
# 1.搜索镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker search nginx
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
nginx Official build of Nginx. 15281 [OK]
jwilder/nginx-proxy Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con… 2056 [OK]
richarvey/nginx-php-fpm Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of… 815 [OK]
jc21/nginx-proxy-manager Docker container for managing Nginx proxy ho… 228
linuxserver/nginx An Nginx container, brought to you by LinuxS… 150
tiangolo/nginx-rtmp Docker image with Nginx using the nginx-rtmp… 138 [OK]
jlesage/nginx-proxy-manager Docker container for Nginx Proxy Manager 128 [OK]
alfg/nginx-rtmp NGINX, nginx-rtmp-module and FFmpeg from sou… 104 [OK]
jasonrivers/nginx-rtmp Docker images to host RTMP streams using NGI… 92 [OK]
nginxdemos/hello NGINX webserver that serves a simple page co… 70 [OK]
privatebin/nginx-fpm-alpine PrivateBin running on an Nginx, php-fpm & Al… 56 [OK]
nginx/nginx-ingress NGINX and NGINX Plus Ingress Controllers fo… 55
nginxinc/nginx-unprivileged Unprivileged NGINX Dockerfiles 46
staticfloat/nginx-certbot Opinionated setup for automatic TLS certs lo… 24 [OK]
nginx/nginx-prometheus-exporter NGINX Prometheus Exporter for NGINX and NGIN… 19
schmunk42/nginx-redirect A very simple container to redirect HTTP tra… 19 [OK]
centos/nginx-112-centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.12 or building … 15
centos/nginx-18-centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.8 or building n… 13
raulr/nginx-wordpress Nginx front-end for the official wordpress:f… 13 [OK]
bitwarden/nginx The Bitwarden nginx web server acting as a r… 11
flashspys/nginx-static Super Lightweight Nginx Image 10 [OK]
mailu/nginx Mailu nginx frontend 9 [OK]
sophos/nginx-vts-exporter Simple server that scrapes Nginx vts stats a… 7 [OK]
ansibleplaybookbundle/nginx-apb An APB to deploy NGINX 2 [OK]
wodby/nginx Generic nginx 1 [OK]
# 2.下载镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
33847f680f63: Pull complete
dbb907d5159d: Pull complete
8a268f30c42a: Pull complete
b10cf527a02d: Pull complete
c90b090c213b: Pull complete
1f41b2f2bf94: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:8f335768880da6baf72b70c701002b45f4932acae8d574dedfddaf967fc3ac90
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest
# 3.查看本地下载的镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx latest 08b152afcfae 2 weeks ago 133MB
centos latest 300e315adb2f 8 months ago 209MB
# 4.后台运行nginx容器 # -d 后台运行 --name 给容器起名字 -p 宿主机端口:容器端口
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d --name mynginx -p 80:80 nginx
bcbc0fd3ff80b64e98d1311d5d1ca2e497b771c4398e05899bb4112f0631f196
# 5.本机(主机)测试是否成功访问
[root@localhost ~]# curl localhost:80
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
# 6.进入容器查看nginx配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it bcbc0fd3ff80 /bin/bash
root@bcbc0fd3ff80:/# whereis nginx
nginx: /usr/sbin/nginx /usr/lib/nginx /etc/nginx /usr/share/nginx
root@bcbc0fd3ff80:/# cd /etc/nginx
root@bcbc0fd3ff80:/etc/nginx# ls
conf.d fastcgi_params mime.types modules nginx.conf scgi_params uwsgi_params
# 7.停止nginx容器，并测试是否可以通
[root@localhost ~]# docker stop bcbc0fd3ff80
bcbc0fd3ff80
[root@localhost ~]# curl localhost:80
curl: (7) Failed connect to localhost:80; Connection refused #不通
端口暴露的概念
思考问题：我们每次改动nginx配置文件，都需要进入容器内部？十分的麻烦，我要是可以在容器外部提供一个映射路径，达到在容器修改文件名，容器内部就可以自动修改？-v数据卷!
作业二：Docker来装一个tomcat
# 官方的使用
docker run -it --rm tomcat:9.0
# 我们之前的启动都是后台,停止了容器之后，容器还是可以查到的, docker run -it --rm ,一般用来测试，用完就删除 --清楚ps和ps -a，不删images
#测试
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --rm tomcat:9.0
Unable to find image 'tomcat:9.0' locally
9.0: Pulling from library/tomcat
627b765e08d1: Pull complete
c040670e5e55: Pull complete
073a180f4992: Pull complete
bf76209566d0: Pull complete
f10db7ba7580: Pull complete
5b2f970878fa: Pull complete
ed434bfebf18: Pull complete
f6c437110aa9: Pull complete
b70037d032d1: Pull complete
4a4c2d92d5df: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:e47d48c4fb7ae34d35aae0dc068e84fd9be37a217a46033f22a3626dea839b8f
Status: Downloaded newer image for tomcat:9.0
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/local/openjdk-11
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Using CATALINA_OPTS:
NOTE: Picked up JDK_JAVA_OPTIONS: --add-opens=java.base/java.lang=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.io=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.util=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.base/java.util.concurrent=ALL-UNNAMED --add-opens=java.rmi/sun.rmi.transport=ALL-UNNAMED
07-Aug-2021 16:52:49.609 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server version name: Apache Tomcat/9.0.52
07-Aug-2021 16:52:49.636 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server built: Jul 31 2021 04:12:17 UTC
07-Aug-2021 16:52:49.636 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server version number: 9.0.52.0
07-Aug-2021 16:52:49.637 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Name: Linux
07-Aug-2021 16:52:49.637 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Version: 3.10.0-1062.el7.x86_64
07-Aug-2021 16:52:49.637 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Architecture: amd64
07-Aug-2021 16:52:49.637 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Java Home: /usr/local/openjdk-11
07-Aug-2021 16:52:49.637 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log JVM Version: 11.0.12+7
07-Aug-2021 16:52:49.637 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log JVM Vendor: Oracle Corporation
07-Aug-2021 16:52:49.637 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
07-Aug-2021 16:52:49.637 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
07-Aug-2021 16:52:49.667 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: --add-opens=java.base/java.lang=ALL-UNNAMED
07-Aug-2021 16:52:49.667 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: --add-opens=java.base/java.io=ALL-UNNAMED
07-Aug-2021 16:52:49.667 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: --add-opens=java.base/java.util=ALL-UNNAMED
07-Aug-2021 16:52:49.667 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: --add-opens=java.base/java.util.concurrent=ALL-UNNAMED
07-Aug-2021 16:52:49.668 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: --add-opens=java.rmi/sun.rmi.transport=ALL-UNNAMED
07-Aug-2021 16:52:49.668 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/tomcat/conf/logging.properties
07-Aug-2021 16:52:49.668 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager
07-Aug-2021 16:52:49.668 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048
07-Aug-2021 16:52:49.668 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources
07-Aug-2021 16:52:49.668 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=0027
07-Aug-2021 16:52:49.668 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dignore.endorsed.dirs=
07-Aug-2021 16:52:49.668 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcatalina.base=/usr/local/tomcat
07-Aug-2021 16:52:49.668 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcatalina.home=/usr/local/tomcat
07-Aug-2021 16:52:49.668 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.io.tmpdir=/usr/local/tomcat/temp
07-Aug-2021 16:52:49.743 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener.lifecycleEvent Loaded Apache Tomcat Native library [1.2.30] using APR version [1.6.5].
07-Aug-2021 16:52:49.743 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener.lifecycleEvent APR capabilities: IPv6 [true], sendfile [true], accept filters [false], random [true], UDS [true].
07-Aug-2021 16:52:49.743 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener.lifecycleEvent APR/OpenSSL configuration: useAprConnector [false], useOpenSSL [true]
07-Aug-2021 16:52:49.746 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener.initializeSSL OpenSSL successfully initialized [OpenSSL 1.1.1d 10 Sep 2019]
07-Aug-2021 16:52:50.928 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.init Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
07-Aug-2021 16:52:51.047 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.load Server initialization in [2110] milliseconds
07-Aug-2021 16:52:51.259 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal Starting service [Catalina]
07-Aug-2021 16:52:51.259 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.52]
07-Aug-2021 16:52:51.317 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.start Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
07-Aug-2021 16:52:51.350 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start Server startup in [302] milliseconds
# 1.搜索tomcat镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker search tomcat
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
tomcat Apache Tomcat is an open source implementati… 3089 [OK]
tomee Apache TomEE is an all-Apache Java EE certif… 91 [OK]
dordoka/tomcat Ubuntu 14.04, Oracle JDK 8 and Tomcat 8 base… 57 [OK]
kubeguide/tomcat-app Tomcat image for Chapter 1 30
consol/tomcat-7.0 Tomcat 7.0.57, 8080, "admin/admin" 18 [OK]
cloudesire/tomcat Tomcat server, 6/7/8 15 [OK]
aallam/tomcat-mysql Debian, Oracle JDK, Tomcat & MySQL 13 [OK]
arm32v7/tomcat Apache Tomcat is an open source implementati… 11
rightctrl/tomcat CentOS , Oracle Java, tomcat application ssl… 6 [OK]
maluuba/tomcat7-java8 Tomcat7 with java8. 6
unidata/tomcat-docker Security-hardened Tomcat Docker container. 5 [OK]
arm64v8/tomcat Apache Tomcat is an open source implementati… 4
amd64/tomcat Apache Tomcat is an open source implementati… 3
fabric8/tomcat-8 Fabric8 Tomcat 8 Image 2 [OK]
jelastic/tomcat An image of the Tomcat Java application serv… 2
oobsri/tomcat8 Testing CI Jobs with different names. 2
cfje/tomcat-resource Tomcat Concourse Resource 2
chenyufeng/tomcat-centos tomcat基于centos6的镜像 1 [OK]
picoded/tomcat7 tomcat7 with jre8 and MANAGER_USER / MANAGER… 1 [OK]
camptocamp/tomcat-logback Docker image for tomcat with logback integra… 1 [OK]
99taxis/tomcat7 Tomcat7 1 [OK]
ppc64le/tomcat Apache Tomcat is an open source implementati… 1
softwareplant/tomcat Tomcat images for jira-cloud testing 0 [OK]
s390x/tomcat Apache Tomcat is an open source implementati… 0
secoresearch/tomcat-varnish Tomcat and Varnish 5.0
# 2.下载镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull tomcat
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/tomcat
Digest: sha256:e47d48c4fb7ae34d35aae0dc068e84fd9be37a217a46033f22a3626dea839b8f
Status: Downloaded newer image for tomcat:latest
docker.io/library/tomcat:latest
# 3.查看本地下载镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
tomcat 9.0 710ec5c56683 16 hours ago 668MB
tomcat latest 710ec5c56683 16 hours ago 668MB
# 4.后台运行tomcat容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d --name mytomcat -p 8080:8080 tomcat
5140c012b5e790f78f93cdf5b1ef5384215b539a8f3d9fc94bf314f3574a1fcf
# 5.本机(主机)测试是否成功访问
[root@localhost ~]# curl localhost:8080
<!doctype html><html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 – Not Found</title><style type="text/css">body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;} h1, h2, h3, b {color:white;background-color:#525D76;} h1 {font-size:22px;} h2 {font-size:16px;} h3 {font-size:14px;} p {font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 – Not Found</h1><hr class="line" /><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line" /><h3>Apache Tomcat/9.0.52</h3></body></html>
# 6.公网访问报404 发现问题:1.Linux命令少了;2.没有webapps 阿里云镜像的原因，默认是最小的镜像，所有不必要的都剔除掉，保证最小可运行的环境
# 7.进入tomcat容器内部查看原因
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it 5140c012b5e7 /bin/bash
root@5140c012b5e7:/usr/local/tomcat# ls
BUILDING.txt CONTRIBUTING.md LICENSE NOTICE README.md RELEASE-NOTES RUNNING.txt bin conf lib logs native-jni-lib temp webapps webapps.dist work
# 8.进入webapps目录查看
root@5140c012b5e7:/usr/local/tomcat# cd webapps
root@5140c012b5e7:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# ls
root@5140c012b5e7:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# cd ..
root@5140c012b5e7:/usr/local/tomcat# ls
BUILDING.txt CONTRIBUTING.md LICENSE NOTICE README.md RELEASE-NOTES RUNNING.txt bin conf lib logs native-jni-lib temp webapps webapps.dist work
# 9.进入webapps.dist目录查看
root@5140c012b5e7:/usr/local/tomcat# cd webapps.dist/
root@5140c012b5e7:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps.dist# ls
ROOT docs examples host-manager manager
root@5140c012b5e7:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps.dist# cd ..
# 10.把webapps.dist目录全部文件拷贝到webapps目录中
root@5140c012b5e7:/usr/local/tomcat# cp -r webapps.dist/* webapps
# 11.进入webapps目录查看,此时已有文件
root@5140c012b5e7:/usr/local/tomcat# cd webapps
root@5140c012b5e7:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# ls
ROOT docs examples host-manager manager
# 12.再次公网访问可以展示tomcat页面
思考问题：我们以后要部署项目，如果每次都要进入容器是不是十分麻烦？我要是可以在容器外部提供一个映射路径，webapps，我们在外部防置项目，就自动同步到内部就好了！
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