Mysql数据库的主从复制

将源码编译装好的mysql数据库发送至两个纯净的实验环境
安装过程:https://editor.csdn.net/md/?articleId=109447109

rsync -r /usr/local/mysql/ root@xxx.xxx.xxx.xxxx:/usr/local/
rsync -r /usr/local/mysql/ root@xxx.xxx.xxx.xxxx:/usr/local/

修改配置文件
在主库

# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock

server-id=1
log-bin=mysql-bin

在从库
禁止在slave从库修改mysql数据库设置以外的数据

# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock

server-id=2

删除编译好的data目录下的文件

rm -rf /usr/local/mysql/data/*

建立mysql用户

useradd -s /sbin/nologin/ -M -d /usr/local/mysql/data/ mysql

复制mysql启动文件

cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

初始化并安全初始化

mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
/etc/init.d/mysql start 
mysql_secure_installation

创建异步同步用户并授予权限

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'%' identified by 'westos';

测试登陆

mysql -u repl -p -h 172.25.10.5

在主库端查看二进制日志状态

mysql> show master status;

在从库声名主库

mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='172.25.10.5', MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='westos', MASTER_LOG_FILE='binlog.000007', MASTER_LOG_POS=517;

打开slave

mysql> start slave;

查看是否成功

mysql> show slave status\G;

在这里插入图片描述
测试
在主库操作看是否可以同步到slave从库

mysql> create database westos;

在从库查看

mysql> show databases;

基于GTID自动定位复制
关闭slave从库

mysql> stop slave;

修改主库和从库的配置文件

# 主库 vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock

server-id=1
log-bin=mysql-bin
gtid_mode=ON
enforce-gtid-consistency=ON

#从库 vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock

server-id=2
gtid_mode=ON
enforce-gtid-consistency=ON

重启mysql数据库

/etc/init.d/mysqld restart

进入从库配置slave

mysql> stop slave;
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='172.25.10.5', MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='westos', MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1;
mysql> start slave;
mysql> show slave status\G;

测试
改变master端的数据库内容,slave端也会改变

# 在master
mysql> DROP DATABASE westos;
# 在slave
show databases;

半同步复制

# 在master端
mysql> install plugin rpl_semi_sync_master soname 'semisync_master.so';
mysql> set global rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled=1;
# 在slave端
mysql> install plugin rpl_semi_sync_slave soname 'semisync_slave.so';
mysql> set global rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled=1;
mysql> stop slave IO_THREAD;
mysql> tart slave IO_THREAD;
#查看slave的半同步复制是否打开
mysql> show status like 'rpl%';

测试
在master操作,查看master半同步状态

mysql> create database westos;
mysql> create table user_tb (
    -> name varchar(25) not null,
    -> password varchar(25) not null);
mysql> insert into user_tb values ('user1','123');
mysql> insert into user_tb values ('user2','234');
mysql> show status like 'rpl_semi%';
+--------------------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name                              | Value |
+--------------------------------------------+-------+
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_clients               | 1     |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_avg_wait_time     | 0     |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_wait_time         | 0     |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_waits             | 4     |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_times              | 0     |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_tx                 | 0     |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_status                | ON    |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_timefunc_failures     | 0     |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_avg_wait_time      | 469   |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_wait_time          | 1879  |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_waits              | 4     |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_pos_backtraverse | 0     |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_sessions         | 0     |
| Rpl_semi_sync_master_yes_tx                | 4     |
+--------------------------------------------+-------+

查看slave

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
| westos             |
+--------------------+
mysql> use westos;
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_westos |
+------------------+
| user_tb          |
+------------------+
mysql> select * from user_tb;
+-------+----------+
| name  | password |
+-------+----------+
| user1 | 123      |
| user2 | 234      |
+-------+----------+

延迟复制

# 在slave
mysql> STOP SLAVE SQL_THREAD;
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_DELAY = 10;
mysql> START SLAVE SQL_THREAD;

测试

# 在master
insert into user_tb values ('user3','345');
# 在slave
mysql> select * from user_tb;
+-------+----------+
| name  | password |
+-------+----------+
| user1 | 123      |
| user2 | 234      |
+-------+----------+
# 等待10s
mysql> select * from user_tb;
+-------+----------+
| name  | password |
+-------+----------+
| user1 | 123      |
| user2 | 234      |
| user3 | 345      |
+-------+----------+

如果不是特别需要做完实验关闭延时

mysql> STOP SLAVE SQL_THREAD;
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_DELAY = 0;
mysql> START SLAVE SQL_THREAD;

单主模式
修改配置文件

# 在master
# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock

server-id=1
gtid_mode=ON
enforce-gtid-consistency=ON
master_info_repository=TABLE
relay_log_info_repository=TABLE
log_slave_updates=ON
log-bin=mysql-bin
slave_parallel_workers=10
slave_parallel_type=LOGICAL_CLOCK
relay_log_recovery=ON
# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
# 在slave
[mysqld]
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock

server-id=2
gtid_mode=ON
enforce-gtid-consistency=ON
master_info_repository=TABLE
relay_log_info_repository=TABLE
log_slave_updates=ON
log-bin=mysql-bin
slave_parallel_workers=10
slave_parallel_type=LOGICAL_CLOCK
relay_log_recovery=ON
# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'%' identified by 'westos';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> set global rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled=ON;
mysql> stop slave IO_THREAD;
mysql> start slave IO_THREAD;
mysql> show variables like 'rpl%';
mysql> show status like 'rpl%';
mysql> install plugin rpl_semi_sync_master soname 'semisync_master.so';
mysql> set global rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled=1;

建立一个新的虚拟机

# 将mysql目录发送
rsync -a /usr/loal/mysql server2:/usr/local
rm -rf mysql.sock
/etc/init.d/mysqld start
# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock

server-id=3
log-bin=mysql-bin
gtid_mode=ON
enforce-gtid-consistency=ON
log_slave_updates=ON
/etc/init.d/mysqld restart
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='172.25.10.5', MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='westos', MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1;
mysql> start slave;
mysql> show slave status;
mysql> select * from westos.user_tb;
mysql> install plugin rpl_semi_sync_slave soname 'semisync_slave.so';
mysql> set global rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled=1;
mysql> stop slave io_thread;
mysql> start slave io_thread;
mysql> show status like 'rpl%';
mysql> select * from westos.user_tb;

测试

# 在master端修改数据
mysql> insert into westos.user_tb values ('user4','346');
# 在server1 master查看
mysql> select * from westos.user_tb;
# 在selver查看
mysql> select * from westos.user_tb;

组复制(多主模式,每个mysql服务器都是master)
在第一个mysql服务器

#vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock

server-id=1
gtid_mode=ON
enforce-gtid-consistency=ON
master_info_repository=TABLE
relay_log_info_repository=TABLE
log_slave_updates=ON
log_bin=binlog
binlog_format=ROW
binlog_checksum=NONE

plugin_load_add='group_replication.so'
transaction_write_set_extraction=XXHASH64
group_replication_group_name="aaaaaaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaaaaaaaaaa"
group_replication_start_on_boot=off
group_replication_local_address= "172.25.10.5:33061"
group_replication_group_seeds= "172.25.10.5:33061,172.25.10.1:33061,172.25.10.2:33061"
group_replication_bootstrap_group=off

group_replication_single_primary_mode=OFF
group_replication_enforce_update_everywhere_checks=ON
group_replication_ip_whitelist="172.25.10.0/24,127.0.0.1/8"

group_replication_allow_local_disjoint_gtids_join=on
# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
# rm -rf /usr/local/mysql/data/*
# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
# mysql -p
mysql> alter user root@'localhost' identified by 'westos';
mysql> set sql_log_bin=0;
mysql> create user rpl_user@'%' identified by 'westos';
mysql>  grant replication slave on *.* to rpl_user@'%';
mysql> set sql_log_bin=1;
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_USER='rpl_user',MASTER_PASSWORD='westos' FOR CHANNEL 'group_replication_recovery';
mysql> set global group_replication_bootstrap_group=ON;
mysql> start group_replication;
mysql> set global group_replication_bootstrap_group=OFF;
mysql> select * from performance_schema.replication_group_members;
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+
| CHANNEL_NAME              | MEMBER_ID                            | MEMBER_HOST | MEMBER_PORT | MEMBER_STATE |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+
| group_replication_applier | 9f1598da-337d-11eb-8489-52540096cba8 | server5     |        3306 | ONLINE       |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+

在第二个mysql服务器

# rsync -a server5:/etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf
# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock

server-id=1
gtid_mode=ON
enforce-gtid-consistency=ON
master_info_repository=TABLE
relay_log_info_repository=TABLE
log_slave_updates=ON
log_bin=binlog
binlog_format=ROW
binlog_checksum=NONE

plugin_load_add='group_replication.so'
transaction_write_set_extraction=XXHASH64
group_replication_group_name="aaaaaaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaa-aaaaaaaaaaaa"
group_replication_start_on_boot=off
group_replication_local_address= "172.25.10.2:33061"
group_replication_group_seeds= "172.25.10.5:33061,172.25.10.1:33061,172.25.10.2:33061"
group_replication_bootstrap_group=off

group_replication_single_primary_mode=OFF
group_replication_enforce_update_everywhere_checks=ON
group_replication_ip_whitelist="172.25.10.0/24,127.0.0.1/8"

group_replication_allow_local_disjoint_gtids_join=on
# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
# rm -rf /usr/local/mysql/data/*
# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
# mysql -p
mysql> alter user root@'localhost' identified by 'westos';
mysql> set sql_log_bin=0;
mysql> create user rpl_user@'%' identified by 'westos';
mysql>  grant replication slave on *.* to rpl_user@'%';
mysql> set sql_log_bin=1;
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_USER='rpl_user',MASTER_PASSWORD='westos' FOR CHANNEL 'group_replication_recovery';
mysql> start group_replication;

查看是否同步成功

mysql> select * from performance_schema.replication_group_members;
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+
| CHANNEL_NAME              | MEMBER_ID                            | MEMBER_HOST | MEMBER_PORT | MEMBER_STATE |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+
| group_replication_applier | 9f1598da-337d-11eb-8489-52540096cba8 | server5     |        3306 | ONLINE       |
| group_replication_applier | a269812f-3381-11eb-bab1-52540099ec4d | server2     |        3306 | ONLINE       |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+-------------+-------------+--------------+

用同样的方法再同步一个组

mysql> select * from performance_schema.replication_group_members;
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+-----------------------+-------------+--------------+
| CHANNEL_NAME              | MEMBER_ID                            | MEMBER_HOST           | MEMBER_PORT | MEMBER_STATE |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+-----------------------+-------------+--------------+
| group_replication_applier | 248f0416-3383-11eb-962c-5254003cc2e3 | localhost.localdomain |        3306 | ONLINE       |
| group_replication_applier | 9f1598da-337d-11eb-8489-52540096cba8 | server5               |        3306 | ONLINE       |
| group_replication_applier | a269812f-3381-11eb-bab1-52540099ec4d | server2               |        3306 | ONLINE       |
+---------------------------+--------------------------------------+-----------------------+-------------+--------------+

测试
在第一台mysql服务器建立一个库

mysql> create database westos;

在第二台mysql服务器进入库中建立一个表

mysql> use westos;
mysql> show tables;
mysql> create table tb (c1 int primary key, c2 text not null);

在第三台mysql服务器在建立的表中加入数据

mysql> use westos;
mysql> insert into tb values ('1','linux');
# 查看
mysql> select * from westos.tb
+----+-------+
| c1 | c2    |
+----+-------+
|  1 | linux |
+----+-------+

测试结果:每台mysql服务器的组都对数据库具备读写权限

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