创建contentprovider
通过新建一个类去继承ContentProvider的方式来实现。ContentProvider类中有6个抽象方法,在使用子类继承它的时候,需要将这6个方法全部重写。
(1) onCreate() :初始化ContentProvider的时候调用。通常会在这里完成对数据库的创建和升级等操作,返回true表示ContentProvider初始化成功,返回false则表示失败。
(2) query() :从ContentProvider中查询数据。uri参数用于确定查询哪张表,projection参数用于确定查询哪些列,selection和selectionArgs参数用于约束查询哪些行,sortOrder参数用于对结果进行排序,查询的结果存放在Cursor对象中返回。
(3) insert() :向ContentProvider中添加一条数据。uri参数用于确定要添加到的表,待添加的数据保存在values参数中。添加完成后,返回一个用于表示这条新记录的URI。
(4) update() :更新ContentProvider中已有的数据。uri参数用于确定更新哪一张表中的数据,新数据保存在values参数中,selection和selectionArgs参数用于约束更新哪些行,受影响的行数将作为返回值返回。
(5) delete() :从ContentProvider中删除数据。uri参数用于确定删除哪一张表中的数据,selection和selectionArgs参数用于约束删除哪些行,被删除的行数将作为返回值返回。
(6) getType() :根据传入的内容URI返回相应的MIME类型。
一个标准的内容URI写法是:
content://com.example.app.provider/table1
content://com.example.app.provider/table1/1
内容URI的格式主要就只有以上两种,以路径结尾表示期望访问该表中所有的数据,以id结尾表示期望访问该表中拥有相应id的数据。我们可以使用通配符分别匹配这两种格式的内容URI,规则如下:
*表示匹配任意长度的任意字符;
#表示匹配任意长度的数字。
一个能够匹配任意表的内容URI格式可以写成:
content://com.example.app.provider/*
一个能够匹配table1表中任意一行数据的内容URI格式就可以写成:
content://com.example.app.provider/table1/#
getType()方法是所有的ContentProvider都必须提供的一个方法,用于获取Uri对象所对应的MIME类型。一个内容URI所对应的MIME字符串主要由3部分组成。
必须以vnd开头;
如果内容URI以路径结尾,则后接android.cursor.dir/;如果内容URI以id结尾,则后接android.cursor.item/;
最后接上vnd..
。
vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.com.example.app.provider.table1
vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd.com.example.app.provider.table1
修改MyProvider中的代码。
public class MyProvider extends ContentProvider {
public static final int TABLE1_DIR = 0;
public static final int TABLE1_ITEM = 1;
public static final int TABLE2_DIR = 2;
public static final int TABLE2_ITEM = 3;
private static UriMatcher uriMatcher;
static {
uriMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
uriMatcher.addURI("com.example.app.provide", "table1", TABLE1_DIR);
uriMatcher.addURI("com.example.app.provide", "table1/#", TABLE1_ITEM);
uriMatcher.addURI("com.example.app.provide", "table2", TABLE2_DIR);
uriMatcher.addURI("com.example.app.provide", "table2/#", TABLE2_ITEM);
}
@Override
public boolean onCreate() {
return false;
}
@Override
public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection, String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder){
switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)){
case TABLE1_DIR:
// 查询table1表中的所有数据
break;
case TABLE1_ITEM:
// 查询table1表中的单条数据
break;
case TABLE2_DIR:
// 查询table2表中的所有数据
break;
case TABLE2_ITEM:
// 查询table2表中华的单条数据
break;
default:
break;
}
return null;
}
@Override
public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values){
return null;
}
@Override
public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection, String[] selectionArgs){
return 0;
}
@Override
public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs){
return 0;
}
@Override
public String getType(Uri uri) {
switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
case TABLE1_DIR:
return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.com.example.app.provider.table1";
case TABLE1_ITEM:
return "vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd.com.example.app.provider.table1";
case TABLE2_DIR:
return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.com.example.app.provider.table2";
case TABLE2_ITEM:
return "vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd.com.example.app.provider.table2";
default:
break;
}
return null;
}
}
实现跨程序数据共享
打开或新建DatabaseTest项目。右击com.example.databasetest包→New→Other→ContentProvider创建一个ContentProvider。将ContentProvider命名为DatabaseProvider,将authority指定为com.example.databasetest.provider,Exported属性表示是否允许外部程序访问我们的ContentProvider,Enabled属性表示是否启用这个ContentProvider。将两个属性都勾中,点击“Finish”完成创建。
修改MainActivity文件。
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private String newId;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Button addData = (Button) findViewById(R.id.addData);
addData.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener(){
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// 添加数据
Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.example.databasetest.provider/book");
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put("name", "A Clash of Kings");
values.put("author", "George Martin");
values.put("pages", 1040);
values.put("price", 22.85);
Uri newUri = getContentResolver().insert(uri, values);
newId = newUri.getPathSegments().get(1);
}
});
Button queryData = (Button) findViewById(R.id.queryData);
queryData.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener(){
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// 查询数据
Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.example.databasetest.provider/book");
Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(uri, null, null,
null, null);
if (cursor != null) {
while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
String name = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow("name"));
String author = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow("author"));
int pages = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow("pages"));
double price = cursor.getDouble(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow("price"));
Log.d("MainActivity", "book name is " + name);
Log.d("MainActivity", "book author is " + author);
Log.d("MainActivity", "book pages is " + pages);
Log.d("MainActivity", "book price is " + price);
}
cursor.close();
}
}
});
Button updateData = (Button) findViewById(R.id.updateData);
updateData.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener(){
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// 更新数据
Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.example.databasetest.provider/book/"
+ newId);
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put("name", "A Storm of Swords");
values.put("pages", 1216);
values.put("price", 24.05);
getContentResolver().update(uri, values, null, null);
}
});
Button deleteData = (Button) findViewById(R.id.deleteData);
deleteData.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener(){
@Override
public void onClick(View v){
// 删除数据
Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.example.databasetest.provider/book/"
+ newId);
getContentResolver().delete(uri, null, null);
}
});
}
}
修改activity_main.xml文件。
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" >
<Button
android:id="@+id/addData"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Add To Book" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/updateData"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Upadate Book" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/deleteData"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Delete From Book" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/queryData"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Query From Book" />
</LinearLayout>
修改DatabaseProvider.java文件。
public class DatabaseProvider extends ContentProvider {
public static final int BOOK_DIR = 0;
public static final int BOOK_ITEM = 1;
public static final int CATEGORY_DIR = 2;
public static final int CATEGORY_ITEM = 3;
public static final String AUTHORITY = "com.example.databasetest.provider";
private static UriMatcher uriMatcher;
private MyDatabaseHelper dbHelper;
static {
uriMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "book", BOOK_DIR);
uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "book/#", BOOK_ITEM);
uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "category", CATEGORY_DIR);
uriMatcher.addURI(AUTHORITY, "category/#", CATEGORY_ITEM);
}
@Override
public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
// 删除数据
SQLiteDatabase db = dbHelper.getWritableDatabase();
int deletedRows = 0;
switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)){
case BOOK_DIR:
deletedRows = db.delete("Book", selection, selectionArgs);
break;
case BOOK_ITEM:
String bookId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
deletedRows = db.delete("Book", "id = ?",
new String[] { bookId });
break;
case CATEGORY_DIR:
deletedRows = db.delete("Category", selection, selectionArgs);
break;
case CATEGORY_ITEM:
String categoryId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
deletedRows = db.delete("Category", "id = ?",
new String[] { categoryId });
break;
default:
break;
}
return deletedRows;
}
@Override
public String getType(Uri uri) {
switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
case BOOK_DIR:
return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.com.example.databasetest.provider.book";
case BOOK_ITEM:
return "vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd.com.example.databasetest.provider.book";
case CATEGORY_DIR:
return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.com.example.databasetest.provider.category";
case CATEGORY_ITEM:
return "vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd.com.example.databasetest.provider.category";
}
return null;
}
@Override
public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
// 添加数据
SQLiteDatabase db = dbHelper.getWritableDatabase();
Uri uriReturn = null;
switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
case BOOK_DIR:
case BOOK_ITEM:
long newBookId = db.insert("Book", null, values);
uriReturn = Uri.parse("content://" + AUTHORITY + "/book/" + newBookId);
break;
case CATEGORY_DIR:
case CATEGORY_ITEM:
long newCategoryId = db.insert("Category", null, values);
uriReturn = Uri.parse("content://" + AUTHORITY + "/category/" + newCategoryId);
break;
default:
break;
}
return uriReturn;
}
@Override
public boolean onCreate() {
dbHelper = new MyDatabaseHelper(getContext(), "BookStore.db", null, 2);
return true;
}
@Override
public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection,
String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {
// 查询数据
SQLiteDatabase db = dbHelper.getReadableDatabase();
Cursor cursor = null;
switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
case BOOK_DIR:
cursor = db.query("Book", projection, selection, selectionArgs,
null, null, sortOrder);
break;
case BOOK_ITEM:
String bookId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
cursor = db.query("Book", projection, "id=?",
new String[]{ bookId },null, null, sortOrder);
break;
case CATEGORY_DIR:
cursor = db.query("Category", projection, selection, selectionArgs,
null, null, sortOrder);
break;
case CATEGORY_ITEM:
String categoryId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
cursor = db.query("Category", projection, "id = ?",
new String[]{ categoryId }, null, null, sortOrder);
break;
default:
break;
}
return cursor;
}
@Override
public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection,
String[] selectionArgs) {
// 更新数据
SQLiteDatabase db = dbHelper.getWritableDatabase();
int updatedRows = 0;
switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)){
case BOOK_DIR:
updatedRows = db.update("Book", values, selection, selectionArgs);
break;
case BOOK_ITEM:
String bookId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
updatedRows = db.update("Book", values, "id = ?",
new String[] {bookId});
break;
case CATEGORY_DIR:
updatedRows = db.update("Category", values, selection, selectionArgs);
break;
case CATEGORY_ITEM:
String categoryId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
updatedRows = db.update("Category", values, "id = ?",
new String[] { categoryId });
break;
default:
break;
}
return updatedRows;
}
}