vagrant+virtualbox搭建centos7

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一、下载安装

1.安装vagrant

vagrant下载地址:https://www.vagrantup.com/

点击Download，选择相应的操作系统和版本下载即可，傻瓜式安装 -> 一直下一步。
命令行输入vagrant -v，显示相应的版本号说明安装成功。

2.安装virtualbox

virtualbox下载地址:https://www.virtualbox.org/

virtualbox也是傻瓜式安装。
[win10中若出现]安装virtualbox快完成时立即回滚，并提示安装出现严重错误。
(1)打开服务
(2)找到Device Install Service和Device Setup Manager，然后启动
(3)再次尝试安装

二、准备centos7

1.拉取box镜像

(1)创建centos7文件夹，并进入其中[目录全路径不要有中文字符]。

(2)打开cmd，运行vagrant init centos/7
此时会在当前目录下生成Vagrantfile，同时指定使用的镜像为centos/7。关键是这个镜像在哪里，我已经提前准备好了，名称是virtualbox.box文件。

box下载地址:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1b2FNKebL6n0ddsvZSE-k3g 提取码：zymk

2.Vagrantfile通用写法

修改第一步初始化来的Vagrantfile，可以直接用我的，根据自己需要修改一下cpu核数和内存大小，我设置的是20G。

# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :

# All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure
# configures the configuration version (we support older styles for
# backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what
# you're doing.
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  # The most common configuration options are documented and commented below.
  # For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at
  # https://docs.vagrantup.com.

  # Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for
  # boxes at https://vagrantcloud.com/search.
  config.vm.box = "centos/7"

  # Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then
  # boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs
  # `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended.
  # config.vm.box_check_update = false

  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
  # within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below,
  # accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine.
  # NOTE: This will enable public access to the opened port
  # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080

  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
  # within the machine from a port on the host machine and only allow access
  # via 127.0.0.1 to disable public access
  # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, host_ip: "127.0.0.1"

  # Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine
  # using a specific IP.
  # config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"

  # Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.
  # Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on
  # your network.
  config.vm.network "public_network"

  # Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is
  # the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is
  # the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third
  # argument is a set of non-required options.
  # config.vm.synced_folder "../data", "/vagrant_data"

  # Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various
  # backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options.
  # Example for VirtualBox:
  #
  # config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
  #   # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
  #   vb.gui = true
  #
  #   # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
  #   vb.memory = "1024"
  # end
    config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
        vb.memory = "20480"
        vb.name= "vm1"
        vb.cpus= 2
    end
  #
  # View the documentation for the provider you are using for more
  # information on available options.

  # Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as
  # Puppet, Chef, Ansible, Salt, and Docker are also available. Please see the
  # documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.
  # config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
  #   apt-get update
  #   apt-get install -y apache2
  # SHELL
end

3.将virtualbox.box文件添加到vagrant管理的镜像中

(1)添加镜像并起名叫centos/7：vagrant box add centos/7 D:\TOOLS\BOX\virtualbox.box
(2)vagrant box list 查看本地的box[这时候可以看到centos/7]

4.启动vagrant

执行vagrant up[打开virtual box观察，可以发现centos7创建成功]。
(执行vagrant halt 可以优雅关闭centos7)

此过程会把宿主主机的2222端口映射在虚拟主机的22端口，设置网络为桥接模式。

三、客户端连接centos7

我用的连接工具是MobaXterm，用xshell也是一样的。

1.root账户登录

vagrant ssh 进入到虚拟机中 sudo -i 进入根目录
vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config 修改PasswordAuthentication yes
passwd修改密码，比如abc123
systemctl restart sshd
使用账号root，密码abc123进行登录

2.客户端连接

这里可以看到我的虚拟ip是192.168.199.222

至此，通过vagrant+virtualbox的方式就成功搭建了一台centos7虚拟机。