文章目录
一、下载安装
1.安装vagrant
vagrant下载地址:https://www.vagrantup.com/
点击Download,选择相应的操作系统和版本下载即可,傻瓜式安装 -> 一直下一步。
命令行输入vagrant -v,显示相应的版本号说明安装成功。
2.安装virtualbox
virtualbox下载地址:https://www.virtualbox.org/
virtualbox也是傻瓜式安装。
[win10中若出现]安装virtualbox快完成时立即回滚,并提示安装出现严重错误。
(1)打开服务
(2)找到Device Install Service和Device Setup Manager,然后启动
(3)再次尝试安装
二、准备centos7
1.拉取box镜像
(1)创建centos7文件夹,并进入其中[目录全路径不要有中文字符]。
(2)打开cmd,运行vagrant init centos/7
此时会在当前目录下生成Vagrantfile,同时指定使用的镜像为centos/7。关键是这个镜像在哪里,我已经提前准备好了,名称是virtualbox.box文件。
box下载地址:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1b2FNKebL6n0ddsvZSE-k3g 提取码:zymk
2.Vagrantfile通用写法
修改第一步初始化来的Vagrantfile,可以直接用我的,根据自己需要修改一下cpu核数和内存大小,我设置的是20G。
# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :
# All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure
# configures the configuration version (we support older styles for
# backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what
# you're doing.
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
# The most common configuration options are documented and commented below.
# For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at
# https://docs.vagrantup.com.
# Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for
# boxes at https://vagrantcloud.com/search.
config.vm.box = "centos/7"
# Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then
# boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs
# `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended.
# config.vm.box_check_update = false
# Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
# within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below,
# accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine.
# NOTE: This will enable public access to the opened port
# config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080
# Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
# within the machine from a port on the host machine and only allow access
# via 127.0.0.1 to disable public access
# config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, host_ip: "127.0.0.1"
# Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine
# using a specific IP.
# config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"
# Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.
# Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on
# your network.
config.vm.network "public_network"
# Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is
# the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is
# the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third
# argument is a set of non-required options.
# config.vm.synced_folder "../data", "/vagrant_data"
# Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various
# backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options.
# Example for VirtualBox:
#
# config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
# # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
# vb.gui = true
#
# # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
# vb.memory = "1024"
# end
config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
vb.memory = "20480"
vb.name= "vm1"
vb.cpus= 2
end
#
# View the documentation for the provider you are using for more
# information on available options.
# Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as
# Puppet, Chef, Ansible, Salt, and Docker are also available. Please see the
# documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.
# config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
# apt-get update
# apt-get install -y apache2
# SHELL
end
3.将virtualbox.box文件添加到vagrant管理的镜像中
(1)添加镜像并起名叫centos/7:vagrant box add centos/7 D:\TOOLS\BOX\virtualbox.box
(2)vagrant box list 查看本地的box[这时候可以看到centos/7]
4.启动vagrant
执行vagrant up[打开virtual box观察,可以发现centos7创建成功]。
(执行vagrant halt 可以优雅关闭centos7)
此过程会把宿主主机的2222端口映射在虚拟主机的22端口,设置网络为桥接模式。
三、客户端连接centos7
我用的连接工具是MobaXterm,用xshell也是一样的。
1.root账户登录
vagrant ssh 进入到虚拟机中 sudo -i 进入根目录
vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config 修改PasswordAuthentication yes
passwd修改密码,比如abc123
systemctl restart sshd
使用账号root,密码abc123进行登录
2.客户端连接
这里可以看到我的虚拟ip是192.168.199.222
至此,通过vagrant+virtualbox的方式就成功搭建了一台centos7虚拟机。