文章目录
线程创建
三种创建方式
Thread(class)=>继承Thread类(重点)
- 自定义线程类继承Thread类
- 重写**run()**方法,编写程序执行体
- 创建线程对象,调用**start()**方法启动线程
//创建线程方式一:继承Thread类,重写run()方法,调用start开启线程
//总结:注意,线程开启不一定立即执行,由CPU调度执行!!
public class TestThread extends Thread {
@Override
public void run() {
super.run();
//run方法线程体
for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
System.out.println("我在吃饭--"+i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//main线程,主线程
//创建一个线程对象
TestThread testThread = new TestThread();
//调用start()方法开启线程
testThread.start();
for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
System.out.println("我在拉屎--"+i);
}
}
}
多线程同步下载网络图片
//练习Thread,实现多线程同步下载图片
public class TestThread2 extends Thread{
private String url; //网络图片地址
private String name; //保存的文件名
public TestThread2(String url,String name){
this.url = url;
this.name = name;
}
//下载图片线程的执行体
@Override
public void run() {
WebDownloader webDownloader = new WebDownloader();
webDownloader.downloader(url,name);
System.out.println("下载了文件名为:"+name+"的文件");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestThread2 t1 = new TestThread2("https://wx1.sinaimg.cn/orj360/0070vBsply1gt0cdsjsq2j32bk3hce83.jpg","hantao1.jpg");
TestThread2 t2 = new TestThread2("https://wx1.sinaimg.cn/orj360/0070vBsply1gt0ce2jfmej32bk3hcb2c.jpg","hantao2.jpg");
TestThread2 t3 = new TestThread2("https://wx3.sinaimg.cn/orj360/0070vBsply1gt0ce8effej32bk3hckjm.jpg","hantao3.jpg");
t1.start();
t2.start();
t3.start();
//执行结果:3 1 2;每次执行结果都不一样
}
}
//下载器
class WebDownloader{
//下载方法
public void downloader(String url,String name){
try {
FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url),new File(name));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("IO异常,downloader方法出现问题");
}
}
}
※Runnable接口=>实现Runnable接口(重点)
- 定义MyRunnable类实现Runnable接口
- **实现run()**方法,编写线程执行体
- 创建线程对象,调用**start()**方法启动线程
推荐使用Runnable对象,因为Java单继承的局限性
用Runnable实现上面两个例子
1.吃饭拉屎
//创建线程方式2:实现Runnable接口,重写run方法,执行线程需要丢入Runnable接口实现类,调用start方法
public class TestThread3 implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
//run方法线程体
for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
System.out.println("我在吃饭--"+i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建一个Runnable接口的实现类对象
TestThread3 p = new TestThread3();
//创建线程对象,通过线程对象来开启线程:代理
// Thread thread = new Thread(testThread3);
// thread.start();//下面一行代码为这两行代码的简写
new Thread(p).start();
for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
System.out.println("我在拉屎--"+i);
}
}
}
2.下载图片
public class TestThread2_2 implements Runnable {
private String url; //网络图片地址
private String name; //保存的文件名
public TestThread2_2(String url,String name){
this.url = url;
this.name = name;
}
//下载图片线程的执行体
@Override
public void run() {
WebDownloader2 webDownloader2 = new WebDownloader2();
webDownloader2.downloader2(url,name);
System.out.println("下载了文件名为:"+name+"的文件");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestThread2_2 t1 = new TestThread2_2("https://wx1.sinaimg.cn/orj360/0070vBsply1gt0cdsjsq2j32bk3hce83.jpg","hantao1.jpg");
TestThread2_2 t2 = new TestThread2_2("https://wx1.sinaimg.cn/orj360/0070vBsply1gt0ce2jfmej32bk3hcb2c.jpg","hantao2.jpg");
TestThread2_2 t3 = new TestThread2_2("https://wx3.sinaimg.cn/orj360/0070vBsply1gt0ce8effej32bk3hckjm.jpg","hantao3.jpg");
//Runnable启动方法
new Thread(t1).start();
new Thread(t2).start();
new Thread(t3).start();
}
}
小结
-
继承Thread类
- 子类继承Thread类具备多线程能力
- 启动线程:子类对象.start()
- 不建议使用:避免OOP单继承局限性
-
实现Runnable接口
- 实现接口Runnable具有多线程能力
- 启动线程:传入目标对象+Thread对象.start()
- 推荐使用:避免单继承局限性,灵活方便,方便同一个对象被多个线程使用
买火车票模拟
//多个线程同时操作一个对象
//买火车票的例子
//发现问题:多个线程操作同一个资源的情况下,线程不安全,数据紊乱
public class TestThread4 implements Runnable{
//票数
private int ticketNums = 10;
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
if (ticketNums<=0){
break;
}
//模拟延时
try {
Thread.sleep(200);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->拿到了第"+ticketNums--+"张票");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestThread4 ticket = new TestThread4();
new Thread(ticket,"小明").start();
new Thread(ticket,"老师").start();
new Thread(ticket,"黄牛").start();
}
}
龟兔赛跑案例
//模拟龟兔赛跑
public class Race implements Runnable {
//胜利者
private static String winner;
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++) {
//模拟兔子睡觉
if (Thread.currentThread().getName().equals("兔子rabbit") && i%10==0){
try {
Thread.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//判断比赛是否结束
boolean flag = gameOver(i);
//如果比赛结束了,就停止程序
if (flag){
break;
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->跑了"+i+"步");
}
}
//判断比赛是否结束
private boolean gameOver(int steps){
//判断是否有胜利者
if (winner!=null){//已经存在胜利者
return true;
}{
if (steps>=100){
winner = Thread.currentThread().getName();
System.out.println("winner is"+winner);
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Race race = new Race();
new Thread(race,"兔子rabbit").start();
new Thread(race,"乌龟").start();
}
}
Callable接口=>实现Callable接口(了解即可)
用Callable改造下载图片案例
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
//创建线程方式三:callable
//callable的好处:
//1.可以定义返回值
//2.可以抛出异常
public class TestCallable implements Callable<Boolean> {
private String url; //网络图片地址
private String name; //保存的文件名
public TestCallable(String url,String name){
this.url = url;
this.name = name;
}
//下载图片线程的执行体
@Override
public Boolean call() {
WebDownloader webDownloader = new WebDownloader();
webDownloader.downloader(url,name);
System.out.println("下载了文件名为:"+name+"的文件");
return true;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
TestCallable t1 = new TestCallable("https://wx1.sinaimg.cn/orj360/0070vBsply1gt0cdsjsq2j32bk3hce83.jpg","hantao1.jpg");
TestCallable t2 = new TestCallable("https://wx1.sinaimg.cn/orj360/0070vBsply1gt0ce2jfmej32bk3hcb2c.jpg","hantao2.jpg");
TestCallable t3 = new TestCallable("https://wx3.sinaimg.cn/orj360/0070vBsply1gt0ce8effej32bk3hckjm.jpg","hantao3.jpg");
//1.创建执行服务:
ExecutorService ser = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
//2.提交执行
Future<Boolean> r1 = ser.submit(t1);
Future<Boolean> r2 = ser.submit(t2);
Future<Boolean> r3 = ser.submit(t3);
//3.获取结果
boolean rs1 = r1.get();
boolean rs2 = r1.get();
boolean rs3 = r1.get();
//返回值
System.out.println(rs1);
System.out.println(rs2);
System.out.println(rs3);
//4.关闭服务
ser.shutdownNow();
}
}
//下载器
class WebDownloader{
//下载方法
public void downloader(String url,String name){
try {
FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url),new File(name));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("IO异常,downloader方法出现问题");
}
}
}