Mybatis入门级教学,看这一篇就够了
1.MyBatis介绍
MyBatis 是支持 普通 SQL 查询 , 存储过程 和 高级映射 的优秀持久层框架。MyBatis 消除了几乎所有的 JDBC 代码和参数的手工设置以及对结果集的检索封装。MyBatis 可以使用简单的 XML 或注解用于配置和原始映射,将接口和 Java 的 POJO(Plain Old Java Objects,普通的 Java对象)映射成数据库中的记录.JDBC- dbutils- MyBatis- Hibernate
2.MyBatis快速入门
编写第一个基于 mybaits 的测试例子:
2.1. 添加 jar
【mybatis 】
mybatis-3.1.1.jar
【MYSQL 驱动包】
mysql-connector-java-5.1.7-bin.jar
2.2. 建库建表
create database mybatis;
use mybatis;
CREATE TABLE users(id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, NAME VARCHAR(20), age INT);
INSERT INTO users(NAME, age) VALUES('Tom', 12);
INSERT INTO users(NAME, age) VALUES('Jack', 11);
2.3. 添加 Mybatis 的配置文件 conf.xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC" />
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis" />
<property name="username" value="root" />
<property name="password" value="root" />
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
</configuration>
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2.4. 定义表所对应的实体类
public class User {
private int id;
private String name;
private int age;
//get,set 方法
}
2.5. 定义操作 users 表的 sql 映射文件 userMapper.xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace=" com.atguigu.mybatis_test.test1.userMapper">
<select id="getUser" parameterType="int" resultType="com.atguigu.mybatis_test.test1.User">
select * from users where id=#{id}
</select>
</mapper>
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2.6. 在 在 conf.xml 文件中注册 userMapper.xml 文件
<mappers>
<mapper resource="com/atguigu/mybatis_test/test1/userMapper.xml"/>
</mappers>
2.7. 编写测试代码:执行定义的 select 语句
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public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
String resource = "conf.xml";
//加载 mybatis 的配置文件(它也加载关联的映射文件)
Reader reader = Resources.getResourceAsReader(resource);
//构建 sqlSession 的工厂
SqlSessionFactory sessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(reader);
//创建能执行映射文件中 sql 的 sqlSession
SqlSession session = sessionFactory.openSession();
//映射 sql 的标识字符串
String statement = "com.atguigu.mybatis.bean.userMapper"+".selectUser";
//执行查询返回一个唯一 user 对象的 sql
User user = session.selectOne(statement, 1);
System.out.println(user);
}
}
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3.操作user表的CRUD
3.1XML的实现
1). 定义 sql 映射 xml 文件
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<insert id="insertUser" parameterType="com.atguigu.ibatis.bean.User">
insert into users(name, age) values(#{name}, #{age});
</insert>
<delete id="deleteUser" parameterType="int">
delete from users where id=#{id}
</delete>
<update id="updateUser" parameterType="com.atguigu.ibatis.bean.User">
update users set name=#{name},age=#{age} where id=#{id}
</update>
<select id="selectUser" parameterType="int" resultType="com.atguigu.ibatis.bean.User">
select * from users where id=#{id}
</select>
<select id="selectAllUsers" resultType="com.atguigu.ibatis.bean.User">
select * from users
</select>
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2). 在 config.xml 中注册映射文件
<mapper resource="net/lamp/java/ibatis/bean/userMapper.xml"/>
3). 在 dao 中调用
public User getUserById(int id) {
SqlSession session = sessionFactory.openSession();
User user = session.selectOne(URI+".selectUser", id);
return user;
}
3.2. 注解的实现
1). 定义 sql 映射的接口
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public interface UserMapper {
@Insert("insert into users(name, age) values(#{name}, #{age})")
public int insertUser(User user);
@Delete("delete from users where id=#{id}")
public int deleteUserById(int id);
@Update("update users set name=#{name},age=#{age} where id=#{id}")
public int updateUser(User user);
@Select("select * from users where id=#{id}")
public User getUserById(int id);
@Select("select * from users")
public List<User> getAllUser();
}
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2). 在 config 中注册这个映射接口
<mapper class="com.atguigu.ibatis.crud.ano.UserMapper"/>
3). dao
public User getUserById(int id) {
SqlSession session = sessionFactory.openSession();
UserMapper mapper = session.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
User user = mapper.getUserById(id);
return user;
}
4. 几个可以优化的地方
4.1. 连接数据库的配置单独放在一个 properties 文件中
## db.properties
<properties resource="db.properties"/>
<property name="driver" value="${driver}" />
<property name="url" value="${url}" />
<property name="username" value="${username}" />
<property name="password" value="${password}" />
4.2. 为实体类定义别名, 简化 sql 映射 xml 文件中的引用
<typeAliases>
<typeAlias type="com.atguigu.ibatis.bean.User" alias="_User"/>
</typeAliases>
4.3. 可以在 src 下加入 log4j 的配置文件
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1. 添加 jar:
log4j-1.2.16.jar
2.1. log4j.properties( 方式一)
log4j.properties,
log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG, Console
#Console
log4j.appender.Console=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.Console.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.Console.layout.ConversionPattern=%d [%t] %-5p [%c] - %m%n
log4j.logger.java.sql.ResultSet=INFO
log4j.logger.org.apache=INFO
log4j.logger.java.sql.Connection=DEBUG
log4j.logger.java.sql.Statement=DEBUG
log4j.logger.java.sql.PreparedStatement=DEBUG
2.2. log4j.xml( 方式二)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE log4j:configuration SYSTEM "log4j.dtd">
<log4j:configuration xmlns:log4j="http://jakarta.apache.org/log4j/">
<appender name="STDOUT" class="org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender">
<layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout">
<param name="ConversionPattern" value="%-5p %d{MM-dd HH:mm:ss,SSS} %m (%F:%L) \n" />
</layout>
</appender>
<logger name="java.sql">
<level value="debug" />
</logger>
<logger name="org.apache.ibatis">
<level value="debug" />
</logger>
<root>
<level value="debug" />
<appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
</root>
</log4j:configuration>
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5. 解决字段名与实体类属性名不相同的冲突
5.1. 准备表和数据
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CREATE TABLE orders(
order_id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
order_no VARCHAR(20),
order_price FLOAT
);
INSERT INTO orders(order_no, order_price) VALUES('aaaa', 23);
INSERT INTO orders(order_no, order_price) VALUES('bbbb', 33);
INSERT INTO orders(order_no, order_price) VALUES('cccc', 22);
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5.2. 定义实体类 :
public class Order {
private int id;
private String orderNo;
private float price;
}
5.3. 实现 getOrderById(id)
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方式一: 通过在 sql 语句中定义别名
<select id="selectOrder" parameterType="int" resultType="_Order">
select order_id id, order_no orderNo,order_price price from orders where order_id=#{id}
</select>
方式二: 通过<resultMap>
<select id="selectOrderResultMap" parameterType="int" resultMap="orderResultMap">
select * from orders where order_id=#{id}
</select>
<resultMap type="_Order" id="orderResultMap">
<id property="id" column="order_id"/>
<result property="orderNo" column="order_no"/>
<result property="price" column="order_price"/>
</resultMap>
parameterType=“int” resultMap=“orderResultMap”>
select * from orders where order_id=#{id}
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