棋盘覆盖问题图形界面分治法详解（C++）

用分治策略，当k>0时，将2^k*2^k棋盘分割成4个2^(k-1)*2^(k-1)子棋盘，如下图。

只要递归的使用这种分割，就可以将问题缩小到2*2的四缺三小问题啦。

我的编译环境是VS2019，用到了EasyX图形库，几百KB大小，可以去官网下一个，个人感觉挺好用。

输入：

 4（k的值），50（每个方格的边长（像素单位））

输出：

自己运行时由于加了Sleep()函数，所以会是一个动态的过程。数字代表递归的次数。颜色为RGB随机数，不想太多颜色可以把注释随机颜色的那行删掉，把case中的setfillcolor()函数取消注释，这样会是四象限四色。

代码如下：

#include <graphics.h>      // 引用图形库头文件
#include <conio.h>
#include<iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include<time.h>
using namespace std;
int length, side;
RECT r;
int ksta;
void chess(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int xp, int yp, int k)
{
	if (k == 0)
	{
		return;
	}
	Sleep(1000);        //看到递归过程，数字越大图形变换越慢
	wchar_t time[2] = L"";
	swprintf_s(time, L"%d", ksta-k);
	setfillcolor(RGB(rand() % 255, rand() % 255, rand() % 255));//随机颜色
	int area;
	int xmid = (x1 + x2) / 2, ymid = (y1 + y2) / 2;
	if (xp < xmid)
	{
		if (yp < ymid)
		{
			area = 1;
		}
		else
		{
			area = 3;
		}
	}
	else if (yp < ymid)
	{
		area = 2;
	}
	else
	{
		area = 4;
	}
	switch (area)
	{
	case 1:													//第一象限
		//setfillcolor(WHITE);
		fillrectangle(xmid, ymid - side, xmid + side, ymid);//第二象限
		 r = { xmid, ymid - side, xmid + side, ymid };
		drawtext(time, &r, DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER | DT_SINGLELINE);
		fillrectangle(xmid - side, ymid, xmid, ymid + side);//第三象限
		r = { xmid - side, ymid, xmid, ymid + side };
		drawtext(time, &r, DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER | DT_SINGLELINE);
		fillrectangle(xmid, ymid, xmid + side, ymid + side);//第四象限
		 r = { xmid, ymid, xmid + side, ymid + side };
		drawtext(time, &r, DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER | DT_SINGLELINE);
		chess(x1, y1, xmid, ymid, xp, yp, k - 1);				//第一象限
		chess(xmid, y1, x2, ymid, xmid, ymid - side, k - 1);			//第二象限
		chess(x1, ymid, xmid, y2, xmid - side, ymid, k - 1);			//第三象限
		chess(xmid, ymid, x2, y2, xmid, ymid, k - 1);		//第四象限
		break;
	case 2:							//第二象限
		//setfillcolor(BLUE);
		fillrectangle(xmid - side, ymid - side, xmid, ymid);//第一象限
		 r = { xmid - side, ymid - side, xmid, ymid };
		drawtext(time, &r, DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER | DT_SINGLELINE);
		fillrectangle(xmid - side, ymid, xmid, ymid + side);//第三象限
		 r = { xmid - side, ymid, xmid, ymid + side };
		drawtext(time, &r, DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER | DT_SINGLELINE);
		fillrectangle(xmid, ymid, xmid + side, ymid + side);//第四象限
		 r = { xmid, ymid, xmid + side, ymid + side };
		drawtext(time, &r, DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER | DT_SINGLELINE);
		chess(x1, y1, xmid, ymid, xmid-side, ymid-side, k - 1);				//第一象限
		chess(xmid, y1, x2, ymid, xp, yp, k - 1);			//第二象限
		chess(x1, ymid, xmid, y2, xmid - side, ymid, k - 1);			//第三象限
		chess(xmid, ymid, x2, y2, xmid, ymid, k - 1);		//第四象限
		break;
	case 3:										//第三象限
		//setfillcolor(GREEN);
		fillrectangle(xmid - side, ymid - side, xmid, ymid);//第一象限
		 r = { xmid - side, ymid - side, xmid, ymid };
		drawtext(time, &r, DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER | DT_SINGLELINE);
		fillrectangle(xmid, ymid - side, xmid + side, ymid);//第二象限
		 r = { xmid, ymid - side, xmid + side, ymid };
		drawtext(time, &r, DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER | DT_SINGLELINE);
		fillrectangle(xmid, ymid, xmid + side, ymid + side);//第四象限
		 r = { xmid, ymid, xmid + side, ymid + side };
		drawtext(time, &r, DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER | DT_SINGLELINE);
		chess(x1, y1, xmid, ymid, xmid - side, ymid - side, k - 1);				//第一象限
		chess(xmid, y1, x2, ymid, xmid, ymid - side, k - 1);			//第二象限
		chess(x1, ymid, xmid, y2, xp, yp, k - 1);			//第三象限
		chess(xmid, ymid, x2, y2, xmid, ymid, k - 1);		//第四象限
		break;
	case 4:										//第四象限
		//setfillcolor(YELLOW);
		fillrectangle(xmid - side, ymid - side, xmid, ymid);//第一象限
		 r = { xmid - side, ymid - side, xmid, ymid };
		drawtext(time, &r, DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER | DT_SINGLELINE);
		fillrectangle(xmid, ymid - side, xmid + side, ymid);//第二象限
		 r = { xmid, ymid - side, xmid + side, ymid };
		drawtext(time, &r, DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER | DT_SINGLELINE);
		fillrectangle(xmid - side, ymid, xmid, ymid + side);//第三象限
		 r = { xmid - side, ymid, xmid, ymid + side };
		drawtext(time, &r, DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER | DT_SINGLELINE);
		chess(x1, y1, xmid, ymid, xmid - side, ymid - side, k - 1);				//第一象限
		chess(xmid, y1, x2, ymid, xmid, ymid - side, k - 1);			//第二象限
		chess(x1, ymid, xmid, y2, xmid - side, ymid, k - 1);			//第三象限
		chess(xmid, ymid, x2, y2, xp, yp, k - 1);		//第四象限
		break;
	default:
		break;
	}
}
int main()
{
	int k;
	cout << "输入k的值，以及方格的边长" << endl;
	cin >> k >> side;
	if(k <= 0 || side <= 0)
	{
		cout << "输入不合法!" << endl;
		return 0;
	}
	ksta = k+1;
	initgraph(1000, 1000);
	length = pow(2, k);
	setfillcolor(WHITE);
	for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < length; j++)
		{
			rectangle(side * j, side * i, side * (j + 1), side * (i + 1));
		}
	}
	srand((unsigned)time(NULL));
	int x = rand() % length * side;
	int y = rand() % length * side;
	setfillcolor(WHITE);
	fillrectangle(x, y, x + side, y + side);
	settextstyle(side / 2, 0, _T("宋体"));
	setbkmode(TRANSPARENT);
	 r = { x, y,x+side ,y+side };
	drawtext(_T("0"), &r, DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER | DT_SINGLELINE);

	int area;
	if (x < length * side / 2)
	{
		if (y < length * side / 2)
		{
			area = 1;
		}
		else
		{
			area = 3;
		}
	}
	else if (y < length * side / 2)
	{
		area = 2;
	}
	else
	{
		area = 4;
	}
	chess(0, 0, length * side, length * side, x, y, k);
	_getch();              // 按任意键继续
	closegraph();          // 关闭绘图窗口
	return 0;

}