SpringMVC执行过程

目录

一、前言

二、SpringMVC项目的搭建

1、先导入pom.xml的相关依赖

2、配置web.xml文件

3、在资源文件中配置springMVC.xml,进行构建视图解析器

4、构建控制器的类

 5、创建WEB-INF/views/hello.jsp

6、MVC步骤总结

三、SpringMVC的执行过程

1、浏览器发送请求

2、如果请求地址符合控制器url-pattern，该请求就会被前端控制器DispatcherSerblet处理。

3、前端控制器会读取SpringMVC的核心配置文件，通过扫描组件找到控制器，将请求地址和控制器中的@RequestMapping注解的value属性进行匹配。

4、若匹配成功，该注解所标识的控制器方法就是处理请求方法（图中的return）

5、处理请求方法需要返回一个字符串类型视图名称，该视图名称会被视图解析器解析，加上前缀和后缀组成视图的路径，转发到视图对应的页面。

---

一、前言

在了解执行过程之前，我们要先了解一下什么是SpringMVC,SpringMVC是一个实现MVC设计模式的轻量级web层框架，使用起来简单方便，它也是我们所说的ssm框架中的组成部分。接下来我先给大家分享一下如何搭建SpringMVC项目

二、SpringMVC项目的搭建

1、先导入pom.xml的相关依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.DJX</groupId>
  <artifactId>SpringMVC</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <properties>
    <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
  </properties>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
      <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
      <version>1.18.12</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-core -->
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-core -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
      <version>5.3.5</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-beans -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
      <version>5.3.5</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>5.3.5</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-aop -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
      <version>5.3.5</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.aspectj/aspectjrt -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
      <artifactId>aspectjtools</artifactId>
      <version>1.9.5</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>aopalliance</groupId>
      <artifactId>aopalliance</artifactId>
      <version>1.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
      <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
      <version>1.9.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.google.protobuf</groupId>
      <artifactId>protobuf-java</artifactId>
      <version>2.4.1</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/junit/junit -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.13.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/druid -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
      <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
      <version>1.2.6</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>mysql</groupId>
      <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
      <version>8.0.25</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
      <version>5.3.5</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.aspectj/aspectjrt -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
      <artifactId>aspectjtools</artifactId>
      <version>1.9.5</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>aopalliance</groupId>
      <artifactId>aopalliance</artifactId>
      <version>1.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
      <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
      <version>1.9.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
      <version>5.3.5</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--Spring事物依赖 -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
      <version>5.3.5</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
      <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
      <version>2.0.5</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
      <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
      <version>3.4.6</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>5.3.9</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>3.1.0</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.baomidou/mybatis-plus -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
      <artifactId>mybatis-plus</artifactId>
      <version>3.1.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp.jstl</groupId>
      <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
      <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/taglibs/standard -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>taglibs</groupId>
      <artifactId>standard</artifactId>
      <version>1.1.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/jstl -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
      <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/jstl/jstl -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>jstl</groupId>
      <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
      <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.github.pagehelper/pagehelper -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.github.pagehelper</groupId>
      <artifactId>pagehelper</artifactId>
      <version>5.1.2</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <resources>
      <resource>
        <directory>src/main/java</directory>
        <includes>
          <include>**/*.xml</include>
        </includes>
        <filtering>true</filtering>
      </resource>
    </resources>
  </build>
</project>

2、配置web.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">


    <!-- 部署 DispatcherServlet -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <!-- 此处使用 Spring 资源路径的方式进行指定，即 classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml -->
            <param-value>classpath:springMVC.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <!-- 表示容器再启动时立即加载servlet
        load-on-startup加载时机不一样，第一次发送请求才会执行
        启动服务器会立即加载
         -->
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <!-- 处理所有URL请求 -->
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

  <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:springMVC.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

</web-app>

3、在资源文件中配置springMVC.xml,进行构建视图解析器

扫描包及其前缀和后缀数据的拼接，以/WEB-INF/views/文件作为前缀，以.jsp作为后缀的视图文件

 

4、构建控制器的类

它会通过WEB-INF/views下找到hello.jsp

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/emp")
public class IndexController{

//    @RequestMapping("/hello")//访问路径value="/hello"
    @RequestMapping(value = {"/hello","/hellos"},method = RequestMethod.GET)//hello和hellos都能访问
    public String hello() {
        System.out.println("!!!");
        return "hello";//这就是返回的jsp名称
    }
    @RequestMapping("/test")
    public String test(){
        return "test";
    }
    public IndexController() {
        System.out.println("???");
    }
}

 通过RequestMapping找到的

 5、创建WEB-INF/views/hello.jsp

（这样做是为了防止直接访问hello.jsp而是通过服务器内部进行信息转发，这样相对安全，因为WEB-INF下的数据都只能通过转发）

6、MVC步骤总结

创建Maven项目

Pom文件<packaging>war</packaging>

Pom文件添加依赖

创建webapp文件夹，它是web目录【设置一下】

Web.xml中配置servlet

创建SpringMVC.xml(扫描包和配置视图解析器)

创建Controller（添加@Controller和@RequestMapping(“/名称”)//地址栏输入xxx/hello就能访问该方法）

三、SpringMVC的执行过程

1、浏览器发送请求

2、如果请求地址符合控制器url-pattern，该请求就会被前端控制器DispatcherSerblet处理。

所谓的url-pattern就是下图，注解内容

 

3、前端控制器会读取SpringMVC的核心配置文件，通过扫描组件找到控制器，将请求地址和控制器中的@RequestMapping注解的value属性进行匹配。

4、若匹配成功，该注解所标识的控制器方法就是处理请求方法（图中的return）

 

5、处理请求方法需要返回一个字符串类型视图名称，该视图名称会被视图解析器解析，加上前缀和后缀组成视图的路径，转发到视图对应的页面。

拼接之后就是图中的jsp文件，然后对jsp进行视图解析展现给客户端