docker容器网络配置
容器名称空间管理
Linux内核实现名称空间的创建
可以借助ip netns命令来完成对 Network Namespace 的各种操作。ip netns命令来自于iproute安装包，一般系统会默认安装，如果没有的话，请自行安装。
注意：ip netns命令修改网络配置时需要 sudo 权限。
可以通过ip netns命令完成对Network Namespace 的相关操作，可以通过ip netns help查看命令帮助信息：
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns help
Usage: ip netns list
ip netns add NAME
ip netns attach NAME PID
ip netns set NAME NETNSID
ip [-all] netns delete [NAME]
ip netns identify [PID]
ip netns pids NAME
ip [-all] netns exec [NAME] cmd ...
ip netns monitor
ip netns list-id
NETNSID := auto | POSITIVE-INT
默认情况下，Linux系统中是没有任何 Network Namespace的，所以ip netns list命令不会返回任何信息。
Network Namespace
创建Network Namespace
//通过命令创建一个名为ns0的命名空间
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns list
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns add ns0
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns list
ns0
新创建的 Network Namespace 会出现在/var/run/netns/目录下。如果相同名字的 namespace 已经存在，命令会报Cannot create namespace file “/var/run/netns/ns0”: File exists的错误。
[root@localhost ~]# ls /var/run/netns/
ns0
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns add ns0
Cannot create namespace file "/var/run/netns/ns0": File exists
对于每个 Network Namespace 来说，它会有自己独立的网卡、路由表、ARP 表、iptables 等和网络相关的资源。
操作Network Namespace
ip命令提供了ip netns exec子命令可以在对应的 Network Namespace 中执行命令。
查看新创建 Network Namespace 的网卡信息
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK> mtu 65536 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
可以看到，新创建的Network Namespace中会默认创建一个lo回环网卡，此时网卡处于关闭状态。此时，尝试去 ping 该lo回环网卡，会提示Network is unreachable
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ping 127.0.0.1
connect: Network is unreachable
通过下面的命令启用lo回环网卡：
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ip link set lo up
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ping 127.0.0.1
PING 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.028 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.057 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.023 ms
转移设备
我们可以在不同的 Network Namespace 之间转移设备（如veth）。由于一个设备只能属于一个 Network Namespace ，所以转移后在这个 Network Namespace 内就看不到这个设备了。
其中，veth设备属于可转移设备，而很多其它设备（如lo、vxlan、ppp、bridge等）是不可以转移的。
veth pair
veth pair 全称是 Virtual Ethernet Pair，是一个成对的端口，所有从这对端口一 端进入的数据包都将从另一端出来，反之也是一样。
引入veth pair是为了在不同的 Network Namespace 直接进行通信，利用它可以直接将两个 Network Namespace 连接起来。
创建veth pair
[root@localhost ~]# ip link add type veth
[root@localhost ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:20:9b:da brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.129.250/24 brd 192.168.129.255 scope global noprefixroute ens160
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe20:9bda/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: veth0@veth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 4a:37:fa:47:8f:a3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: veth1@veth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether ca:d7:79:7a:97:e0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
可以看到，此时系统中新增了一对veth pair，将veth0和veth1两个虚拟网卡连接了起来，此时这对 veth pair 处于”未启用“状态。
实现Network Namespace间通信
下面我们利用veth pair实现两个不同的 Network Namespace 之间的通信。刚才我们已经创建了一个名为ns0的 Network Namespace，下面再创建一个信息Network Namespace，命名为ns1
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns add ns1
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns list
ns1
ns0
//然后我们将veth0加入到ns0，将veth1加入到ns1
[root@localhost ~]# ip link set veth0 netns ns0
[root@localhost ~]# ip link set veth1 netns ns1
//然后我们分别为这对veth pair配置上ip地址，并启用它们
[root@localhost ~]# ip link set veth0 netns ns0
[root@localhost ~]# ip link set veth1 netns ns1
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ip link set veth0 up
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ip addr add 10.0.0.1/24 dev veth0
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip link set lo up
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip link set veth1 up
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip addr add 10.0.0.2/24 dev veth1
//查看这对veth pair的状态
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: veth0@if4: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 4a:37:fa:47:8f:a3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netns ns1
inet 10.0.0.1/24 scope global veth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::4837:faff:fe47:8fa3/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: veth1@if3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether ca:d7:79:7a:97:e0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netns ns0
inet 10.0.0.2/24 scope global veth1
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::c8d7:79ff:fe7a:97e0/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
从上面可以看出，我们已经成功启用了这个veth pair，并为每个veth设备分配了对应的ip地址。我们尝试在ns1中访问ns0中的ip地址：
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ping 10.0.0.1
PING 10.0.0.1 (10.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.045 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.030 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.030 ms
可以看到，veth pair成功实现了两个不同Network Namespace之间的网络交互。
veth设备重命名
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ip link set veth0 down
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ip link set dev veth0 name eth0
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ifconfig -a
eth0: flags=4098<BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.0.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0
ether 4a:37:fa:47:8f:a3 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 16 bytes 1244 (1.2 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 16 bytes 1244 (1.2 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 6 bytes 504 (504.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 6 bytes 504 (504.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
四种网络模式配置
bridge网络配置
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name t1 --rm busybox
Unable to find image 'busybox:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/busybox
3aab638df1a9: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:52817dece4cfe26f581c834d27a8e1bcc82194f914afe6d50afad5a101234ef1
Status: Downloaded newer image for busybox:latest
/ # ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:AC:11:00:02
inet addr:172.17.0.2 Bcast:172.17.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:12 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:1032 (1.0 KiB) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
/ # exit
[root@localhost ~]# docker container ls -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
//在创建容器时添加--network bridge与不加--network选项效果是一致的
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name t1 --network bridge --rm busybox
/ # ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:AC:11:00:02
inet addr:172.17.0.2 Bcast:172.17.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:9 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:766 (766.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
/ # exit
none模式配置
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name t1 --network none --rm busybox
/ # ifconfig -a
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
container模式配置
//启动第一个容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name b1 --rm busybox
/ # ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:AC:11:00:02
inet addr:172.17.0.2 Bcast:172.17.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:696 (696.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
//启动第二容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name b2 --rm busybox
/ # ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:AC:11:00:03
inet addr:172.17.0.3 Bcast:172.17.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:7 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:586 (586.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
//可以看到名为b2的容器IP地址是172.17.0.3，与第一个容器的IP地址不是一样的，也就是说并没有共享网络，此时如果我们将第二个容器的启动方式改变一下，就可以使名为b2的容器IP与b1容器IP一致，也即共享IP，但不共享文件系统
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name b2 --rm --network container:b1 busybox
/ # ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:AC:11:00:02
inet addr:172.17.0.2 Bcast:172.17.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:9 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:726 (726.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
#现在ip地址一致了
//此时我们在b1容器上创建一个目录
/ # mkdir /tmp/data
/ # ls /tmp/
data
//到b2容器上检查/tmp目录会发现并没有这个目录，因为文件系统是处于隔离状态，仅仅是共享了网络而已。在b2容器上部署一个站点
/ # echo 'hello world' > /tmp/index.html
/ # ls /tmp/
index.html
/ # httpd -h /tmp/
/ # netstat -anlt
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN
//在b1容器上用本地地址去访问此站点
/ # wget -O - -q 127.0.0.2:80
hello world
/ # wget -O - -q 172.17.0.2:80
hello world
#由此可见，container模式下的容器间关系就相当于一台主机上的两个不同进程
host模式配置
//启动容器时直接指明模式为host
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name b2 --rm --network host busybox
/ # ifconfig
docker0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:67:18:F5:27
inet addr:172.17.0.1 Bcast:172.17.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0
inet6 addr: fe80::42:67ff:fe18:f527/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:9 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:806 (806.0 B)
ens160 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:20:9B:DA
inet addr:192.168.129.250 Bcast:192.168.129.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe20:9bda/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:167284 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:261508 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:27037611 (25.7 MiB) TX bytes:54031408 (51.5 MiB)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
//此时如果我们在这个容器中启动一个http站点，就可以直接用宿主机的IP在浏览器中访问这个容器中的站点了
/ # echo 'hello world' > /tmp/index.html
/ # httpd -h /tmp/
/ # netstat -anlt
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 192.168.129.250:22 192.168.129.1:63130 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 192.168.129.250:22 192.168.129.1:63129 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 192.168.129.250:22 192.168.129.1:59220 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 192.168.129.250:22 192.168.129.1:59219 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN
如若访问不到，说明防火墙没关闭
容器的常用操作
查看容器的主机名
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name t1 --network bridge --rm busybox
/ # hostname
a20e1afdcfa9
在容器启动时注入主机名
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name t1 --network bridge --hostname hhrp1 --rm busybox
/ # hostname
hhrp1
/ # cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
172.17.0.2 hhrp1 #注入主机名时会自动创建主机名到IP的映射关系
/ # cat /etc/resolv.conf
# Generated by NetworkManager
nameserver 192.168.129.2 # DNS也会自动配置为宿主机的DNS
手动指定容器要使用的DNS
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name t1 --network bridge --hostname hhrp1 --dns 114.114.114.114 --rm busybox
/ # cat /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 114.114.114.114
手动往/etc/hosts文件中注入主机名到IP地址的映射
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name t1 --network bridge --hostname hhrp1 --add-host www.a.com:1.1.1.1 --rm busybox #每个add后面都只能写一个网址
/ # cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
1.1.1.1 www.a.com
172.17.0.2 hhrp1
开放容器端口
执行docker run的时候有个-p选项，可以将容器中的应用端口映射到宿主机中，从而实现让外部主机可以通过访问宿主机的某端口来访问容器内应用的目的。
-p选项能够使用多次，其所能够暴露的端口必须是容器确实在监听的端口。
-P :是容器内部端口随机映射到主机的高端口。
-p : 是容器内部端口绑定到指定的主机端口。
-p选项的使用格式：
- -p <containerPort>
- 将指定的容器端口映射至主机所有地址的一个动态端口
- -P <containerPort>
- 是容器内部端口随机映射一个 49000~49900 的端口到内部容器开放的网络端口
- -p <hostPort>:<containerPort>
- 将容器端口映射至指定的主机端口
- -p <ip>:<containerPort>
- 将指定的容器端口映射至主机指定的动态端口
- -p <ip>:<hostPort>:<containerPort>
- 将指定的容器端口映射至主机指定的端口
动态端口指的是随机端口，具体的映射结果可使用docker port命令查看。
[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name web --rm -p 80 nginx
以上命令执行后会一直占用着前端，我们新开一个终端连接来看一下容器的80端口被映射到了宿主机的什么端口上
[root@localhost ~]# docker port web
80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:49153
80/tcp -> :::49153
由此可见，容器的80端口被暴露到了宿主机的32769端口上，此时我们在宿主机上访问一下这个端口看是否能访问到容器内的站点
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://127.0.0.1:49153
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
html { color-scheme: light dark; }
body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
-P 是容器内部端口随机映射到主机的高端口。
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -P --rm --name web nginx
85544561f78f29d7501763919b929c8d160a71ad703a63a9f754d3b8cae2b1b0
[root@localhost ~]# docker port web
80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:49154
80/tcp -> :::49154
iptables防火墙规则将随容器的创建自动生成，随容器的删除自动删除规则，容器退出也会删除规则。
将容器端口映射到指定IP的随机端口
[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name web --rm -p 192.168.129.250::80 nginx
在另一个终端上查看端口映射情况
[root@localhost ~]# docker port web
80/tcp -> 192.168.129.250:49153
将容器端口映射到宿主机的指定端口
[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name web --rm -p 80:80 nginx
在另一个终端上查看端口映射情况
[root@localhost ~]# docker port web
80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:80
80/tcp -> :::80
[root@localhost ~]# ss -anlt
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:80 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
将容器端口映射到宿主机的指定端口
[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name web --rm -p 8080:80 nginx
在另一个终端上查看端口映射情况
[root@localhost ~]# docker port web
80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:8080
80/tcp -> :::8080
[root@localhost ~]# ss -anlt
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:8080 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:8080 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
自定义docker0桥的网络属性信息
自定义docker0桥的网络属性信息需要修改/etc/docker/daemon.json配置文件
{
"bip": "192.168.1.1/24",
"fixed-cidr": "192.168.1.5/25",
"fixed-cidr-v6": "2001:db8::/64",
"mtu": 1500,
"default-gateway": "10.20.1.1",
"default-gateway-v6": "2001:db8:abcd::89",
"dns": ["10.20.1.2","10.20.1.3"]
}
核心选项为bip，即bridge ip之意，用于指定docker0桥自身的IP地址；其它选项可通过此地址计算得出。
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"],
"bip": "192.168.1.1/24"
}
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart docker
//修改成功
[root@localhost ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:20:9b:da brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.129.250/24 brd 192.168.129.255 scope global noprefixroute ens160
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe20:9bda/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
5: docker0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default
link/ether 02:42:67:18:f5:27 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.1.1/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global docker0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::42:67ff:fe18:f527/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
49: veth2117654@if48: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 state UP group default
link/ether ce:6c:f2:bb:b1:f8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 2
inet6 fe80::cc6c:f2ff:febb:b1f8/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
//如若想修改回来则
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"],
"bip": "172.17.0.2/16"
}
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart docker
[root@localhost ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:20:9b:da brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.129.250/24 brd 192.168.129.255 scope global noprefixroute ens160
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe20:9bda/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
5: docker0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default
link/ether 02:42:67:18:f5:27 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.17.0.2/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::42:67ff:fe18:f527/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
51: veth9fbf5cb@if50: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 state UP group default
link/ether 42:78:4d:94:c9:31 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 2
inet6 fe80::4078:4dff:fe94:c931/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
docker创建自定义桥
创建一个额外的自定义桥，区别于docker0
[root@localhost ~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
49cdaf040171 bridge bridge local
5db817e300d1 host host local
1749bc1a42fc none null local
[root@localhost ~]# docker network create -d bridge --subnet "192.168.2.0/24" --gateway "192.168.2.1" br0
53c8f8b45a0d2ee5ba0f82083306cddeb065cb33b3a72f48cae2007ed966ceb5
[root@localhost ~]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
53c8f8b45a0d br0 bridge local
49cdaf040171 bridge bridge local
5db817e300d1 host host local
1749bc1a42fc none null local
[root@localhost ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:20:9b:da brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.129.250/24 brd 192.168.129.255 scope global noprefixroute ens160
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe20:9bda/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
5: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default
link/ether 02:42:67:18:f5:27 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.17.0.2/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::42:67ff:fe18:f527/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
52: br-53c8f8b45a0d: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default
link/ether 02:42:a8:40:be:c0 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.2.1/24 brd 192.168.2.255 scope global br-53c8f8b45a0d
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
//使用新创建的自定义桥来创建容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name b1 --network br0 busybox
/ # ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:C0:A8:02:02
inet addr:192.168.2.2 Bcast:192.168.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:11 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:962 (962.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
//再创建一个容器，使用默认的bridge桥
[root@localhost ~]# docker run --name b2 -it busybox
/ # ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:AC:11:00:01
inet addr:172.17.0.1 Bcast:172.17.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:696 (696.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
试想一下，此时的C1与C2能否互相通信？如果不能该如何实现通信？
综上所述，通不了，因为这是两个网段。docker0和br0相当于两个交换机，不同的网段要通讯就需要用到路由器，而在上面这个图中，只需要一个容器连接两个交换机即可，docker0连接br0网段 ，br0连接docker0网段，这样就可以通讯了。
[root@localhost ~]# docker network connect br0 3a6504d01028 #把默认网桥加入到br0中
//进入b2容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it b2 /bin/sh
/ # hostname
3a6504d01028
/ # ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:AC:11:00:01
inet addr:172.17.0.1 Bcast:172.17.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:14 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:1116 (1.0 KiB) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:C0:A8:02:03
inet addr:192.168.2.3 Bcast:192.168.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:7 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:586 (586.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
/ # ping 192.168.2.2
PING 192.168.2.2 (192.168.2.2): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.2.2: seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.160 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.2.2: seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.064 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.2.2: seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.073 ms
[root@localhost ~]# docker network connect bridge e8332a6aed7a
//进入b1的容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it b1 /bin/sh
/ # hostname
e8332a6aed7a
/ # ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:C0:A8:02:02
inet addr:192.168.2.2 Bcast:192.168.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:24 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:5 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:1872 (1.8 KiB) TX bytes:378 (378.0 B)
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 02:42:AC:11:00:03
inet addr:172.17.0.3 Bcast:172.17.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:7 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:586 (586.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)
/ # ping 172.17.0.1
PING 172.17.0.1 (172.17.0.1): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 172.17.0.1: seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.105 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.0.1: seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.063 ms
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