C++泛型编程-类模板的项目实战实现基础的Vector的编写

请设计一个数组模板类（ Vector ），完成对 int 、 char 、 float 、 double 以 及任意的自定义类等类型元素进行管理。

需求

a. 实现构造函数

b. 实现拷贝构造函数

c. 实现 cout << 操作

d. 实现下标访问符 [] 的重载操作

e. 实现 = 号操作符重载

.h

#pragma once
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
template<typename T>

class Vector{
public:
	Vector();
	Vector(int len);
	//定义一个下标运算符重载
	T& operator[](int index);
	//获取数组长度
	int getLen();
	//设置拷贝构造函数,实现定义时赋值
	Vector(const Vector& other);
	//设置赋值运算符重载实现定义后赋值
	Vector& operator=(const Vector& other);

	~Vector();
private:
	int len;
	T* m_len;
	template<typename T>
	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, Vector<T>& vector);
};
template<typename T>
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, Vector<T>& vector) {
	for (int  i = 0; i < vector.len; i++)
	{
		os << vector.m_len[i] << endl;
	}
	return os;
}

 .cpp

#include "Vector.h"
template<typename T>
Vector<T>::Vector()
{
}
template<typename T>
Vector<T>::Vector(int len){
	if (len>0){
		this->len = len;
		m_len = new T[len];
	}
}
//实现通过下标赋值
template<typename T>
T& Vector<T>::operator[](int index)
{
	return m_len[index];
}
//获取数组长度
template<typename T>
int Vector<T>::getLen()
{
	return len;
}
//拷贝构造函数
template<typename T>
Vector<T>::Vector(const Vector& other)
{
	//拷贝构造函数不存在判空
	this->len = other.len;
	m_len = new T[len];
	//开始数据拷贝
	for (int i = 0; i < other.len; i++){
		this->m_len[i] = other.m_len[i];
	}
}
//aa=bb=cc
template<typename T>
Vector<T>& Vector<T>::operator=(const Vector<T>& other){
    //需要进行判空,因为链式拷贝
	if (this->m_len!=NULL)
	{
		delete[] m_len;
		m_len = NULL;
		len = 0;
	}
	//实现数据拷贝
	this->len = other.len;
	m_len = new T[len];
	//开始数据拷贝
	for (int i = 0; i < other.len; i++) {
		this->m_len[i] = other.m_len[i];
	}
	return *this;//实现链式拷贝,
}

template<typename T>
Vector<T>::~Vector()
{
	if (m_len!=NULL)
	{
		delete[] m_len;
		m_len = NULL;
		len = 0;
	}
}

主函数

#include <iostream>
#include <Windows.h>
#include "Vector.cpp"

using namespace std;

class Man {
public:
	Man() {
		age = 0;
		name ="位置";
	};
	Man(const char* name, int age) {
		this->name = name;
		this->age = age;
		
	}
	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, Man& man);
private:
	int age;
	string name;
};
//函数重载Vector的左移运算符重载
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, Man& man) {
	os << man.name <<" " << man.age << " ";
	return os;
}
int main(void) {
	Vector<int> aa(10);
	for (int  i = 0; i < aa.getLen(); i++){
		aa[i] = i;
	}
	//调用拷贝构造函数
	Vector<int> aa1 = aa;
	//调用赋值构造函数
	Vector<int> aa2, aa3;
	aa3 = aa2 = aa;
	for (int i = 0; i < aa.getLen(); i++)
	{
		cout << aa[i]<<" ";
	}
	system("pause");
	cout << "为浮点数时:" << endl;
	Vector<double> bb(4);
	for (int i = 0; i < bb.getLen(); i++) {
		bb[i] = i*0.1;
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < bb.getLen(); i++)
	{
		cout << bb[i] << " ";
	}
	system("pause");
	//通过拷贝构造函数
	cout << "通过拷贝构造函数:" << endl;
	for (int i = 0; i < aa1.getLen(); i++)
	{
		cout << aa1[i] << " ";
	}
	//通过赋值构造函数
	system("pause");
	cout << "通过赋值构造函数:" << endl;
	for (int i = 0; i < aa2.getLen(); i++)
	{
		cout << aa2[i] << " ";
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < aa3.getLen(); i++)
	{
		cout << aa3[i] << " ";
	}
	//调用外类实现数组存放
	Man man("李下滑", 23);
	Man man1("如花", 23);
	cout << man << endl;
	Vector<Man*> manM(2);
	manM[0] = &man;
	manM[1] = &man1;
	for (int i = 0; i < manM.getLen(); i++)
	{
		cout<<*manM[i];
	}
	return 0;
}