一、ListView原理
1.运行程序时,屏幕显示几条条目,ListView就加载几条
2.ListView本身没有内容,需要adapter来添加内容
ListView与数据并不是一一对应的,所以需要适配器来调节
3.Adapter分三种:
ArrayAdapter-简单的文字列表
SimpleAdapter-图文列表
BaseAdapter-类似于上一个更加复杂的列表
二、ListView使用步骤-ArrayAdapter
1.创建xml布局
代码:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".MainActivity"
>
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_marginRight="10dp"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:paddingLeft="10dp">
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn1"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginTop="10dp"
android:text="Array列表"
android:textAllCaps="false"/>
</LinearLayout>
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
2.创建ArrayList的Activity
3.设置从主Activity跳转到ArrayActivity
代码:
Button button=findViewById(R.id.btn1);
button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Intent intent=new Intent(MainActivity.this,ArrayListActivity.class);
startActivity(intent);
}
});
4.编写ArrayActivity的xml
代码:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".ArrayListActivity">
<ListView
android:id="@+id/lv"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"/>
</LinearLayout>
5.将ListView与数据联系起来
代码:
package com.hnucm.a_test07;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class ArrayListActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private ListView mListView; //创建listView
private List<String> stringList; //创建数据列表
private ArrayAdapter<String> arrayAdapter; //创建适配器
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_array_list);
mListView=findViewById(R.id.lv);
stringList=new ArrayList<>();
for (int i=0;i<50;i++){
stringList.add("这是第"+i+"数据"); //添加数据
}
arrayAdapter=new ArrayAdapter<>(this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,stringList);
mListView.setAdapter(arrayAdapter);
mListView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
@Override
public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
Toast.makeText(ArrayListActivity.this,"你点击了"+position,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
}
}
6.运行结果
三、ListView使用步骤-BaseAdapter
1.创建xml布局
2.创建item布局
核心代码:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="100dp">
<TextView
android:id="@+id/textView5"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginStart="176dp"
android:layout_marginTop="28dp"
android:text="TextView"
app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/textView6"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginStart="82dp"
android:text="TextView"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf="@+id/imageView2"
app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/textView5" />
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/imageView2"
android:layout_width="80dp"
android:layout_height="80dp"
android:layout_marginStart="16dp"
android:layout_marginTop="8dp"
app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
tools:srcCompat="@tools:sample/avatars" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
3.编写一个类继承BaseAdapter并重写里面方法
4.创建一个实体类(student)
5.填充并取值
核心代码:
package com.hnucm.a_test06;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.BaseAdapter;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.TextView;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.SplittableRandom;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
ListView mListView;
List<Student> list=new ArrayList<>();
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
mListView=findViewById(R.id.listview);
for (int i=1;i<=15;i++){
Student student=new Student();
student.name="韩哥"+i;
student.age="13"+i;
list.add(student);
}
mListView.setAdapter(new MyAdapter());
}
public class MyAdapter extends BaseAdapter{
@Override
public int getCount() {
return list.size();
}
@Override
public Object getItem(int position) {
return null;
}
@Override
public long getItemId(int position) {
return 0;
}
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
Student s=list.get(position);//获取条目的位置
View view=View.inflate(MainActivity.this,R.layout.item,null);
//拿到文本的引用(直接用findViewById只能拿到activity对应布局文件下的控件,所以要加一个view
TextView textView=view.findViewById(R.id.textView5);
textView.setText(s.name);
TextView textView1=view.findViewById(R.id.textView6);
textView1.setText(s.age);
ImageView imageView=view.findViewById(R.id.imageView2);
imageView.setImageResource(R.drawable.touxiang);
return view;
}
}
}
运行结果:
四、总结
请大家思考,手机屏幕就这么大,超过屏幕部分的item怎么循环利用,ListView还可以继续优化,下节继续为大家讲解