docker容器网络
1.docker的4种网络模式
网络模式 | 配置 | 说明 |
---|---|---|
host | –network host | 容器和宿主机共享Network namespace |
container | –network container:NAME_OR_ID | 容器和另外一个容器共享Network namespace |
none | –network none | 容器有独立的Network namespace,但并没有对其进行任何网络设置,如分配veth pair 和网桥连接,配置IP等 |
bridge | –network bridge | 默认模式 |
//brideg模式 brideg是默认选项,不加brideg也是一样的效果
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name test1 --network bridge --rm 15072814090/test1:v0.1
[root@9a3769ee3db2 /]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: eth0@if5: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default
link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
inet 172.17.0.2/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
//none模式 孤岛模式,无法联网
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name test1 --network none --rm 15072814090/test1:v0.1
[root@fb0313745c4b /]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
//container模式
第一个容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name test1 --rm 15072814090/test1:v0.1
[root@0b6ed11e47d7 /]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
6: eth0@if7: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default
link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
inet 172.17.0.2/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
第二个容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name test2 --network container:test1 --rm 15072814090/test1:v0.1
[root@0b6ed11e47d7 /]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
6: eth0@if7: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default
link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
inet 172.17.0.2/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
//host模式
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name test1 --rm --network host 15072814090/test1:v0.1
[root@localhost /]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:1e:f5:09 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.159.100/24 brd 192.168.159.255 scope global noprefixroute eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe1e:f509/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default
link/ether 02:42:87:3a:e2:26 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::42:87ff:fe3a:e226/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2.虚拟设备创建
//创建网络命名空间 (如果有相同命名的就会报错)
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns add ns0
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns list
ns0
//操作网络命名空间
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK> mtu 65536 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ip link set lo up //开启lo环回网卡
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ping 127.0.0.1
PING 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.020 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.021 ms
//创建对
[root@localhost ~]# ip link add type veth
[root@localhost ~]# ip a
8: veth0@veth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether da:75:d0:2b:4b:66 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
9: veth1@veth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 9a:00:5b:27:a7:23 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns add ns1
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns list
ns1
ns0
//将veth0加入到ns0,veth1加入到ns1
[root@localhost ~]# ip link set veth0 netns ns0
[root@localhost ~]# ip link set veth1 netns ns1
//将他们配置ip
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ip link set veth0 up
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ip addr add 10.0.0.1/24 dev veth0
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip link set lo up
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip link set veth1 up
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip addr add 10.0.0.2/24 dev veth1
//查看他们的状态
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
8: veth0@if9: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether da:75:d0:2b:4b:66 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netns ns1
inet 10.0.0.1/24 scope global veth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::d875:d0ff:fe2b:4b66/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
9: veth1@if8: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 9a:00:5b:27:a7:23 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netns ns0
inet 10.0.0.2/24 scope global veth1
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::9800:5bff:fe27:a723/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
//测试能不能网络交互
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns1 ping 10.0.0.1
PING 10.0.0.1 (10.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.029 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.024 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.023 ms
^C
--- 10.0.0.1 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2076ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.023/0.025/0.029/0.004 ms
//veth设备重命名
/将veth0网卡停止
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ip link set veth0 down
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ip link set dev veth0 name eth0 //修改网卡名为eth0
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
8: eth0@if9: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether da:75:d0:2b:4b:66 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netns ns1
inet 10.0.0.1/24 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@localhost ~]# ip netns exec ns0 ip link set eth0 up
3.容器常用操作
//查看容器的主机名
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name test1 --rm centos
[root@537891e101a4 /]# hostname
537891e101a4
//在容器启动时注入主机名
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name test1 --rm --hostname hwf centos
[root@hwf /]# hostname
hwf
[root@hwf /]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
172.17.0.2 hwf //自动创建主机名到IP的映射关系
[root@hwf /]# cat /etc/resolv.conf
# Generated by NetworkManager
nameserver 192.168.159.2 //DNS也会自动配置为宿主机的DNS
//手动指定容器要使用的DNS
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name test1 --hostname hwf --dns 114.114.114.114 centos
[root@hwf /]# cat /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 114.114.114.114
//手动往/etc/hosts文件中注入主机名到IP地址的映射
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it --name test1 --hostname hwf --add-host www.a.com:1.1.1.1 --rm centos
[root@hwf /]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
1.1.1.1 www.a.com
172.17.0.2 hwf
oot@hwf /]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
1.1.1.1 www.a.com
172.17.0.2 hwf