kvm虚拟化

最新推荐文章于 2023-03-22 00:01:28 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-03-22 00:01:28 发布

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文章标签： linux 运维服务器

原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/ZJunWhite/article/details/127193211?spm=1001.2014.3001.5502

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kvm虚拟化

文章目录

1.虚拟化介绍

虚拟化：在一台计算机上虚拟出多个逻辑的计算机，而且每个逻辑计算机
它可以是不同操作系统。

虚拟化技术：可以扩大硬件容量，单个cpu模拟出多个cpu并行，
允许一个平台上同时运行多个操作系统，应用程序都可以在相互独的空间内运行，而且互不影响。

为什么企业使用虚拟化技术：

1、节约成本

2、提高效率,物理机我们一般称为宿主机（Host），宿主机上面的虚拟机称为客户机（Guest）。

那么 Host 是如何将自己的硬件资源虚拟化，并提供给 Guest 使用的呢？
这个主要是通过一个叫做 Hypervisor 的程序实现的。

Hypervisor：一种运行在物理服务器硬件与操作系统之间的中间软件层可允许多个操作系统和应用来共享硬件资源根据 Hypervisor 的实现方式和所处的位置，虚拟化又分为两种：（1）完全虚拟化:直接在物理机上部署虚拟化，且不需要修改操作系统内核.（2）半虚拟化:需要修改操作系统内核，使其支持虚拟化驱动来实现虚拟化技术

1.1完全虚拟化

Hypervisor 直接安装在物理机上，多个虚拟机在 Hypervisor 上运行。Hypervisor 实现方式一般是一个特殊定制的 Linux 系统。Xen 和 VMWare 的 ESXi 都属于这个类型
和 VMWare 的 ESXi 都属于这个类型
在这里插入图片描述

1.2半虚拟化

在这里插入图片描述
理论上讲：
完全虚拟化一般对硬件虚拟化功能进行了特别优化，性能上比半虚拟化要高；
半虚拟化因为基于普通的操作系统，会比较灵活，比如支持虚拟机嵌套。嵌套意味着可以在KVM虚拟机中再运行KVM。

2.kvm介绍

kVM 全称是 Kernel-Based Virtual Machine。也就是说 KVM 是基于 Linux 内核实现的。
KVM有一个内核模块叫 kvm.ko，只用于管理虚拟 CPU 和内存。
那 IO 的虚拟化，比如存储和网络设备则是由 Linux 内核与Qemu来实现。
Qemu 是纯软件实现的虚拟化模拟器，几乎可以模拟任何硬件设备，我们最熟悉的就是能够模拟一台能够独立运行操作系统的虚拟机，虚拟机认为自己和硬件打交道，但其实是和 Qemu 模拟出来的硬件打交道，Qemu 将这些指令转译给真正的硬件。
正因为 Qemu 是纯软件实现的，所有的指令都要经 Qemu 过一手，性能非常低，所以，在生产环境中，大多数的做法都是配合 KVM 来完成虚拟化工作，因为 KVM 是硬件辅助的虚拟化技术，主要负责比较繁琐的 CPU 和内存虚拟化，而 Qemu 则负责 I/O 虚拟化，两者合作各自发挥自身的优势，相得益彰.

作为一个 Hypervisor，KVM 本身只关注虚拟机调度和内存管理这两个方面。IO 外设的任务交给 Linux 内核和 Qemu。

Libvirt 就是 KVM 的管理工具。管理虚拟机和虚拟化功能的软件
其实，Libvirt 除了能管理 KVM 这种 Hypervisor，还能管理 Xen，VirtualBox 等。
Libvirt 包含 3 个东西：后台 daemon 程序 libvirtd、API 库和命令行工具 virsh
1、libvirtd是服务程序，接收和处理 API 请求；
2、API 库使得其他人可以开发基于 Libvirt 的高级工具，比如 virt-manager，这是个图形化的 KVM 管理工具；
3、virsh 是我们经常要用的 KVM 命令行工具

3.kvm部署

主机名	ip	系统
kvm	192.168.192.129	centos8

//修改虚拟机配置，内存空间给大一点
在这里插入图片描述
//新建分区，将硬盘所有大小都给这个分区

[root@kvm ~]# lsblk 
NAME        MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda           8:0    0   20G  0 disk 
|-sda1        8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
`-sda2        8:2    0   19G  0 part 
  |-cl-root 253:0    0   17G  0 lvm  /
  `-cl-swap 253:1    0    2G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
sdb           8:16   0  200G  0 disk 
sr0          11:0    1 10.1G  0 rom  
[root@kvm ~]# parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 3.2
Using /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mklabel                                                          
New disk label type? msdos                                                
(parted) unit                                                             
Unit?  [compact]? MiB                                                     
(parted) p                                                                
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 204800MiB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start  End  Size  Type  File system  Flags

(parted) mkpart                                                           
Partition type?  primary/extended? primary                                
File system type?  [ext2]? xfs                                            
Start? 10                                                                 
End? 204790                                                               
(parted) p                                                                
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 204800MiB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start    End        Size       Type     File system  Flags
 1      10.0MiB  204790MiB  204780MiB  primary  xfs          lba

(parted) q                                                                
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.

//刷新分区表

[root@kvm ~]# udevadm settle 
[root@kvm ~]# lsblk 
NAME        MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda           8:0    0   20G  0 disk 
|-sda1        8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
`-sda2        8:2    0   19G  0 part 
  |-cl-root 253:0    0   17G  0 lvm  /
  `-cl-swap 253:1    0    2G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
sdb           8:16   0  200G  0 disk 
`-sdb1        8:17   0  200G  0 part 
sr0          11:0    1 10.1G  0 rom

//格式化并挂载

[root@kvm ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1 
meta-data=/dev/sdb1              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=13105920 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
         =                       reflink=1
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=52423680, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=25597, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@kvm ~]# blkid /dev/sdb1
/dev/sdb1: UUID="f55673c1-bb87-4e47-9274-7e075bedce3b" BLOCK_SIZE="512" TYPE="xfs" PARTUUID="338a150d-01"
[root@kvm ~]# mkdir /data
[root@kvm ~]# echo "UUID=f55673c1-bb87-4e47-9274-7e075bedce3b  /data xfs defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
[root@kvm ~]# mount -a
[root@kvm ~]# df -Th
Filesystem          Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs            devtmpfs  3.8G     0  3.8G   0% /dev
tmpfs               tmpfs     3.8G     0  3.8G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs               tmpfs     3.8G  8.9M  3.8G   1% /run
tmpfs               tmpfs     3.8G     0  3.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/cl-root xfs        17G  1.7G   16G  10% /
/dev/sda1           xfs      1014M  214M  801M  22% /boot
tmpfs               tmpfs     775M     0  775M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1           xfs       200G  1.5G  199G   1% /data

//关闭防火墙和selinux

[root@kvm ~]# setenforce 0
setenforce: SELinux is disabled
[root@kvm ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld.service

//安装所需软件包

[root@kvm ~]# yum -y install epel-release
[root@kvm ~]# yum -y install vim wget net-tools unzip zip gcc gcc-c++ qemu-kvm  qemu-img virt-manager libvirt libvirt-client virt-install virt-viewer  libguestfs-tools

[root@kvm ~]# wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/qemu-kvm-tools-1.5.3-175.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@kvm ~]# wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/libvirt-python-4.5.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@kvm ~]# wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/bridge-utils-1.5-9.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@kvm ~]# rpm -ivh --nodeps libvirt-python-4.5.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@kvm ~]# rpm -ivh --nodeps qemu-kvm-tools-1.5.3-175.el7.x86_64.rpm

//验证cpu是否支持kvm，vmx是intel的 svm是AMD的

[root@kvm ~]# egrep -o 'vmx|svm' /proc/cpuinfo
vmx

//安装kvm

[root@kvm ~]# yum -y install qemu-kvm \
> qemu-kvm \
> qemu-img \
> virt-manager \
> libvirt \
> libvirt-python3 \
> libvirt-client \
> virt-install \
> virt-viewer \
> bridge-utils \
> libguestfs-tools

//配置网络，因为虚拟机中的网络，我们一般是都和公司服务器处在同一网段的，所以我们需要把kvm的网卡配置成桥接模式，切记要改成none网卡

[root@kvm ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@kvm network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-ens33 ifcfg-br0
[root@kvm network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-br0
TYPE=Bridge
BOOTPROTO=none
NAME=br0
DEVICE=br0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.192.129
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.192.2
DNS1=8.8.8.8

[root@kvm network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-ens33
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=none
NAME=ens33
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.192.129
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.192.2
DNS1=8.8.8.8
BRIDGE=br0

//启动libvirtd服务

[root@kvm ~]# systemctl enable --now libvirtd

//查看kvm模块是否加载\

[root@kvm ~]# lsmod |grep kvm
kvm_intel             323584  0
kvm                   880640  1 kvm_intel
irqbypass              16384  1 kvm

//将qemu-kvm这个命令做一个软链接到/usr/bin/qemu-kvm

[root@kvm ~]# ln -s /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm /usr/bin/qemu-kvm
[root@kvm ~]# ll /usr/bin/qemu-kvm
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 Oct  7 13:44 /usr/bin/qemu-kvm -> /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm

[root@kvm ~]# yum -y install console-bridge console-bridge-devel
[root@kvm ~]# rpm -ivh bridge-utils-1.5-9.el7.x86_64.rpm

//查看网桥信息

[root@kvm ~]# brctl show
bridge name     bridge id               STP enabled     interfaces
br0             8000.000c29b6aa10       no              ens33
virbr0          8000.525400f0996a       yes             virbr0-nic

4.kvm管理界面安装

//安装依赖包

[root@kvm ~]# yum -y install git python2-pip supervisor nginx python2-devel
[root@kvm ~]# wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/libxml2-python-2.9.1-6.el7.5.x86_64.rpm

//下载webvirtmgr

[root@kvm ~]# wget https://download-ib01.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/x86_64/Packages/p/python-websockify-0.6.0-2.el7.noarch.rpm
[root@kvm ~]# rpm -ivh --nodeps libxml2-python-2.9.1-6.el7.5.x86_64.rpm

//升级pip

[root@kvm ~]# pip2 install --upgrade pip
WARNING: Running pip install with root privileges is generally not a good idea. Try `pip2 install --user` instead.
Collecting pip
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/27/79/8a850fe3496446ff0d584327ae44e7500daf6764ca1a382d2d02789accf7/pip-20.3.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.5MB)
    100% |################################| 1.5MB 25kB/s 
Installing collected packages: pip
  Found existing installation: pip 9.0.3
    Uninstalling pip-9.0.3:
      Successfully uninstalled pip-9.0.3
Successfully installed pip-20.3.4
You are using pip version 20.3.4, however version 22.2.2 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.

[root@kvm ~]# pip -V
pip 20.3.4 from /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip (python 2.7)

//github拉取webvirtmgr

[root@kvm webvirtmgr]# pip install -r requirements.txt

//检查sqlite3是否安装

[root@kvm webvirtmgr]#  python3
Python 3.6.8 (default, Sep 10 2021, 09:13:53) 
[GCC 8.5.0 20210514 (Red Hat 8.5.0-3)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import sqlite3
>>> exit()

//初始化账号信息

[root@kvm webvirtmgr]# python2 manage.py syncdb
WARNING:root:No local_settings file found.
Creating tables ...
Creating table auth_permission
Creating table auth_group_permissions
Creating table auth_group
Creating table auth_user_groups
Creating table auth_user_user_permissions
Creating table auth_user
Creating table django_content_type
Creating table django_session
Creating table django_site
Creating table servers_compute
Creating table instance_instance
Creating table create_flavor

You just installed Django's auth system, which means you don't have any superusers defined.
Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes
Username (leave blank to use 'root'): root
Email address: zjq@qq.com
Password: 
Password (again): 
Superuser created successfully.
Installing custom SQL ...
Installing indexes ...
Installed 6 object(s) from 1 fixture(s)

//拷贝web网页到指定目

[root@kvm ~]# mkdir /var/www/
[root@kvm ~]# cp -r /usr/local/src/webvirtmgr/ /var/www/
[root@kvm ~]# chown -R nginx.nginx /var/www/webvirtmgr/

//配置密钥认证
由于这里webvirtmgr和kvm服务部署在同一台机器，所以这里是本地信任；如果kvm部署在其他机器上的时候，那么就需要把公钥发送到kvm主机中

[root@kvm ~]# ssh-keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:PKpSfBSgWSbObRr/nk8+NbLR2P8sV2emei+fJ45TszI root@kvm
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 3072]----+
|  . +.           |
| o B  .          |
|  * o  .         |
|   =  ..         |
|  ....  S+       |
|    o...+.=   o =|
|   . .o .= o . B.|
|  .  o +o   EoB o|
|   .. o.o.  o@+*+|
+----[SHA256]-----+

[root@kvm ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.192.129
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '192.168.192.129 (192.168.192.129)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:57hL/G3gc5O5gMkmuWkTatw0dwJjk+QORHBftLwo/lg.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.192.129's password: 

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'root@192.168.192.129'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

//配置端口转发

[root@kvm ~]# ssh 192.168.192.129 -L localhost:8000:localhost:8000 -L localhost:6080:localhost:60
Last login: Fri Oct  7 13:15:28 2022 from 192.168.192.1

//配置nginx

[root@kvm ~]# cp /etc/nginx/nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf.bak
[root@kvm ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
listen       8080 default_server;  //将80端口改成8080，80被占用了
 listen       [::]:80 default_server;  //删除这一行
 server_name  _;这一行改成server_name  localhost;
 root         /usr/share/nginx/html;  //删除这一行

        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
        location / {
                root    html; //添加这两行
                index   index.html index.htm;
        }

//配置nginx虚拟机

[root@kvm ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/webvirtmgr.conf
server {
    listen 80 default_server;

    server_name $hostname;
    #access_log /var/log/nginx/webvirtmgr_access_log;

    location /static/ {
        root /var/www/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr;
        expires max;
    }                                                   

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-for $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header Host $host:$server_port;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $remote_addr;
        proxy_connect_timeout 600;                                                           proxy_read_timeout 600;                                                              proxy_send_timeout 600;                  
        client_max_body_size 1024M;                                     
    }
}

//确保bind绑定本机的8000端口

[root@kvm ~]# grep "bind"  /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.conf.py
# bind - The socket to bind.
bind = '127.0.0.1:8000'

//重启nginx服务，并查看端口

[root@kvm ~]# systemctl restart nginx.service
[root@kvm ~]# ss -anlt
State   Recv-Q  Send-Q   Local Address:Port   Peer Address:Port  Process  
LISTEN  0       128          127.0.0.1:6080        0.0.0.0:*              
LISTEN  0       128          127.0.0.1:8000        0.0.0.0:*              
LISTEN  0       128            0.0.0.0:111         0.0.0.0:*              
LISTEN  0       128            0.0.0.0:8080          0.0.0.0:*              
LISTEN  0       128            0.0.0.0:22          0.0.0.0:*              
LISTEN  0       128              [::1]:6080           [::]:*              
LISTEN  0       128              [::1]:8000           [::]:*              
LISTEN  0       128               [::]:111            [::]:*              
LISTEN  0       128               [::]:22             [::]:*

//设置supervisor

[root@kvm ~]# vim /etc/supervisord.conf
在最后一行添加
[program:webvirtmgr]
command=/usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.conf.py
directory=/var/www/webvirtmgr
autostart=true
autorestart=true
logfile=/var/log/supervisor/webvirtmgr.log
log_stderr=true
user=nginx
 
[program:webvirtmgr-console]
command=/usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/console/webvirtmgr-console
directory=/var/www/webvirtmgr
autostart=true
autorestart=true
stdout_logfile=/var/log/supervisor/webvirtmgr-console.log
redirect_stderr=true
user=nginx

//启动并开机自启

[root@kvm ~]# systemctl enable --now supervisord.service

//配置nginx用户

[root@kvm ~]# su - nginx -s /bin/bash
[nginx@kvm ~]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa): Created directory '/var/lib/nginx/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:ANtuWtdPVVfL+j2CPYNFGhZb/yPJ3K9tunNUOWlwOBE nginx@kvm
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 3072]----+
|    .      . E+ =|
|     +      ++ooo|
|    . o    + .=+o|
|     . . .. *.+=o|
|      + S ...B.o+|
|     + .   o= o =|
|    .      o.= +o|
|              =o+|
|              +*.|
+----[SHA256]-----+

[nginx@kvm ~]$ echo -e "StrictHostKeyChecking=no\nUserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null" > ~/.ssh/config
[nginx@kvm ~]$ cat .ssh/config
StrictHostKeyChecking=no
UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null
[nginx@kvm ~]$ ssh-copy-id root@192.168.192.129
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.192.129' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.192.129's password: 

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'root@192.168.192.129'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
[nginx@kvm ~]$ exit
logout

[root@kvm ~]# vim /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/50-libvirt-remote-access.pkla
entity=unix-user:root
Action=org.libvirt.unix.manage
ResultAny=yes
ResultInactive=yes
ResultActive=yes

[root@kvm ~]# systemctl restart nginx.service
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl restart libvirtd
[root@kvm ~]# ss -anlt
State   Recv-Q  Send-Q   Local Address:Port   Peer Address:Port  Process  
LISTEN  0       128          127.0.0.1:8000        0.0.0.0:*              
LISTEN  0       100            0.0.0.0:6080        0.0.0.0:*              
LISTEN  0       128            0.0.0.0:111         0.0.0.0:*              
LISTEN  0       128            0.0.0.0:8080          0.0.0.0:*              
LISTEN  0       32       192.168.122.1:53          0.0.0.0:*              
LISTEN  0       128            0.0.0.0:22          0.0.0.0:*              
LISTEN  0       128               [::]:111            [::]:*              
LISTEN  0       128               [::]:22             [::]:*

//web界面ip登录，账号密码是初始化账号信息设置的

新建连接

点击新建好的连接，新建存储池

通过工具上传镜像

新建镜像

网络池，新建网络

自定义创建虚拟机

//需要配置一点东西再运行

[root@kvm ~]# yum -y install novnc
[root@kvm ~]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local
[root@kvm ~]# echo "nohup novnc_server 192.168.100.100:5920 &" >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local
[root@kvm ~]# . /etc/rc.d/rc.local

先运行起来，开始安装