nginx配置文件进阶

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已于 2022-10-13 23:14:19 修改

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文章标签： nginx 服务器运维

于 2022-10-13 16:56:37 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_48619783/article/details/127302200

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nginx配置文件操作

文章目录

1.nginx控制访问

用于location段
allow：设定允许哪台或哪些主机访问，多个参数间用空格隔开
deny：设定禁止哪台或哪些主机访问，多个参数间用空格隔开


[root@nginx ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
  location = /hwf {
            deny 192.168.159.100;		//拒绝本机访问，默认是允许所有人访问，也可以拒绝整个网段，比如：192.168.159.0/24
           
            echo "B";
        }
[root@nginx ~]# curl 192.168.159.100/hwf
<html>
<head><title>403 Forbidden</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>403 Forbidden</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.22.0</center>
</body>
</html>

2.基于用户认证

auth_basic "欢迎信息";
auth_basic_user_file "/path/to/user_auth_file"
user_auth_file内容格式为：

username:password
这里的密码为加密后的密码串，建议用htpasswd来创建此文件：
htpasswd -c -m /path/to/.user_auth_file USERNAME

//实例
先安装一个可以支持创建密码的程序
[root@nginx conf]# htpasswd -c -m .thpasswd tom
New password:
Re-type new password:
Adding password for user tom
[root@nginx conf]# cat .thpasswd
tom:$apr1$hzZwcf44$cTQxah7DE1UUEaRzT6SAq.
[root@nginx ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
    location = /hwf {
            auth_basic "hello啊，黑先生！";	//这里除了off不能写，其他的仍以字符都可以
            auth_basic_user_file ".thpasswd";
            echo "B";

在这里插入图片描述

3.https配置

生成私钥，生成证书签署请求并获得证书，
[root@nginx ~]# mkdir /etc/pki/CA
[root@nginx ~]# cd /etc/pki/CA
[root@nginx CA]# mkdir private
[root@nginx CA]#  (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out private/cakey.pem 2048)
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus (2 primes)
....................................+++++
............................+++++
e is 65537 (0x010001)
[root@nginx CA]# openssl req -new -x509 -key private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 365
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:cn
State or Province Name (full name) []:hb
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:wh
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:runtime
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:linux
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:www.nanhu.com
Email Address []:1@2.com

[root@nginx private]# mkdir certs newcerts crl
[root@nginx private]# ls
cakey.pem  certs  crl  newcerts
[root@nginx private]# touch index.txt && echo 01 > serial
[root@nginx private]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/ && mkdir ssl && cd ssl
[root@nginx ssl]# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out nginx.key 2048)
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus (2 primes)
.......................................................................+++++
...........+++++
e is 65537 (0x010001)
[root@nginx ssl]# openssl req -new -key nginx.key -days 365 -out nginx.csr
Ignoring -days; not generating a certificate
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:cn
State or Province Name (full name) []:hb
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:wh
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:runtime
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:linux
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:www.nanhu.com
Email Address []:1@2.com

Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:
[root@nginx ssl]# ls
nginx.csr  nginx.key

[root@nginx ssl]# openssl ca -in /usr/local/nginx/conf/ssl/nginx.csr -out nginx.crt -days 365
Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
Certificate Details:
        Serial Number: 1 (0x1)
        Validity
            Not Before: Oct 13 07:48:32 2022 GMT
            Not After : Oct 13 07:48:32 2023 GMT
        Subject:
            countryName               = cn
            stateOrProvinceName       = hb
            organizationName          = runtime
            organizationalUnitName    = linux
            commonName                = www.nanhu.com
            emailAddress              = 1@2.com
        X509v3 extensions:
            X509v3 Basic Constraints:
                CA:FALSE
            Netscape Comment:
                OpenSSL Generated Certificate
            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
                B8:7F:78:AC:42:35:D5:AD:39:3F:9D:9F:25:79:FB:FB:E9:A8:10:29
            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
                keyid:EE:BB:53:BC:54:12:C5:F3:32:13:51:BE:43:BE:EB:15:D8:9C:0D:F0

Certificate is to be certified until Oct 13 07:48:32 2023 GMT (365 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y


1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated
//在nginx.conf中配置如下内容：
[root@nginx conf]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
 server {
        listen       443 ssl;
        server_name  www.nanhu.com;

        ssl_certificate      ssl/nginx.crt;
        ssl_certificate_key  ssl/nginx.key;

        ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
        ssl_session_timeout  5m;

        ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
    }

在这里插入图片描述

4.开启状态界面

访问状态页面的方式：http://server_ip/status

状态码	表示的意义
Active connections	当前所有处于打开状态的连接数
accepts	总共处理了多少个连接
handled	成功创建多少握手
requests	总共处理了多少个请求
Reading	nginx读取到客户端的Header信息数，表示正处于接收请求状态的连接数
Writing	nginx返回给客户端的Header信息数，表示请求已经接收完成，且正处于处理请求或发送响应的过程中的连接数
Waiting	开启keep-alive的情况下，这个值等于active - (reading + writing)，意思就是Nginx已处理完正在等候下一次请求指令的驻留连接

[root@nginx conf]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
        location /status {
            stub_status on;
            allow 192.168.159.0/24;
            deny all;
        }

在这里插入图片描述